Gravitational Wave Spectrum Induced by Primordial Scalar Perturbations

Abstract

We derive the complete spectrum of gravitational waves induced by primordial scalar perturbations ranging over all observable wavelengths. This scalar-induced contribution can be computed directly from the observed scalar perturbations and general relativity and is, in this sense, independent of the cosmological model for generating the perturbations. The spectrum is scale-invariant on small scales, but has an interesting scale-dependence on large and intermediate scales, where scalar-induced gravitational waves do not redshift and are hence enhanced relative to the background density of the Universe. This contribution to the tensor spectrum is significantly different in form from the direct model-dependent primordial tensor spectrum and, although small in magnitude, it dominates the primordial signal for some cosmological models. We confirm our analytical results by direct numerical integration of the equations of motion.

arXiv comment19 pages, 5 figures

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• Multiple peaks in gravitational waves induced from primordial curvature perturbations with non-Gaussianity
• Observable tensor-to-scalar ratio and secondary gravitational wave background
• An Analytical Study of the Primordial Gravitational-Wave-Induced Contribution to the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
• Traces of a Heavy Field in Gravitational Waves
• Gravitational waves from inflation with antisymmetric tensor field
• Loop corrections to primordial fluctuations from inflationary phase transitions
• Second-order Gauge-invariant Cosmological Perturbation Theory: Current Status updated in 2019
• Assessing the Impact of Unequal Noises and Foreground Modeling on SGWB Reconstruction with LISA
• Searching for double-peak and doubly broken gravitational-wave spectra from Advanced LIGO-Virgo's first three observing runs
• Extended mass distribution of PBHs during QCD phase transition: SGWB and mini-EMRIs
• Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves in Modified Gravity
• Detecting the dark sector through scalar-induced gravitational waves
• Measuring the anisotropies in astrophysical and cosmological gravitational-wave backgrounds with Taiji and LISA networks
• Dark Matter Spike surrounding Supermassive Black Holes Binary and the Nanohertz Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves in a $\Lambda$CDM Cosmology
• Primordial black holes and scalar induced gravitational waves from Higgs inflation with non-canonical kinetic term
• Systematic Study of Gravitational Waves from Galaxy Merger
• A simplified structure for the second order cosmological perturbation equations
• Second-order cosmological perturbations produced by scalar-scalar coupling during inflation stage
• The LISA forecast on a smooth crossover beyond the Standard Model through the scalar-induced gravitational waves
• Observable cosmological vector mode in the dark ages
• Bayesian reconstruction of primordial perturbations from induced gravitational waves
• Warm multi natural inflation
• Using Gravitational Wave Signals to Disentangle Early Matter Dominated Epochs
• Gauge-dependence of Scalar Induced Gravitational Waves
• Probing intermediate scale Froggatt-Nielsen models at future gravitational wave observatories
• Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays of Sub-solar Black Hole Detections: From LVK to Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
• Non-linear corrections of overlap reduction functions for pulsar timing arrays
• Primordial black holes in SB SUSY Gauss-Bonnet inflation
• Non-Gaussianities and Primordial Black Holes
• Gravitational-wave implications for structure formation: A second-order approach
• Multimodality in the Search for New Physics in Pulsar Timing Data and the Case of Kination-amplified Gravitational-wave Background from Inflation
• Constraining inflation with nonminimal derivative coupling with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array third data release
• The parity-odd Intrinsic Bispectrum
• Gravitational waves induced by matter isocurvature in general cosmologies
• On the Hamilton-Jacobi approach to inflation beyond slow roll
• On the waveform of the scalar induced gravitational waves
• Locally extracting scalar, vector and tensor modes in cosmological perturbation theory
• Primordial Gravitational Waves in Generalized Palatini Gravity
• Gravitational Wave Signatures of Primordial Black Hole Reheating in Upcoming Interferometry Missions
• Loops in inflation with strongly non-geodesic motion
• Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background originating from Halo Mergers
• Clustering and Runaway Merging in a Primordial Black Hole Dominated Universe
• Enhancement of small-scale induced gravitational waves from the soliton/oscillon domination
• Primordial gravitational waves and curvature perturbations induced energy density perturbation
• Measuring the primordial curvature perturbations from the scalar induced gravitational waves
• Log-periodic gravitational-wave background beyond Einstein gravity
• Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves from the polynomial attractor model
• Primordial blackholes from Gauss-Bonnet-corrected single field inflation
• Primordial Black Holes and Second-order Gravitational Waves in Axion-like Hybrid Inflation
• Constraints on the Sharpness of the Curvature Power Spectrum
• Gravitational waves from primordial black hole dominance: The effect of inflaton decay rate
• Probing the equation of state of neutron stars with captured primordial black holes
• Perturbed Newtonian description of the Lemaître model with non-negligible pressure
• Scalar-induced gravitational waves including isocurvature perturbations with lattice simulations
• Is PSR J0514$-$4002E in a PBH-NS binary?
• Sound Speed Resonance of Gravitational Waves in Gauss-Bonnet-coupled inflation
• Gravitational Waves from a Gauge Field Non-minimally Coupled to Gravity
• Search for a Gravitational-Wave Background from Sound Speed Resonance from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's First Three Observing Runs
• Scalar-induced gravitational wave from domain wall perturbation
• Study of primordial non-Gaussianity $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ and $g_{\mathrm{NL}}$ with the cross-correlations between the scalar-induced gravitational waves and the cosmic microwave background
• Theoretical Radio Signals from Radio-Band Gravitational Waves Converted from the Neutron Star Magnetic Field
• Non-Gaussianity of Tensor Induced Density Perturbations
• Updated constraints on the primordial power spectrum at sub-Mpc scales
• Scalar-induced gravitational waves in spatially covariant gravity
• The future of cosmology and the role of non-linear perturbations
• Primordial black holes and induced gravitational waves from localized features in DBI inflation
• Constraining scotogenic dark matter and primordial black holes using gravitational waves
• Inflationary $\alpha$-Attractor Models with Singular Derivative of Potential
• Constant-roll inflation and primordial black holes within Barrow entropic framework
• Emission of spacetime waves from the partial collapse of a compact object
• Unique gravitational wave signatures of GLPV scalar-tensor theories
• Comprehensive analysis of dissipative effects in the induced gravitational waves
• Self-resonance during preheating: The case of $\alpha$-attractor models
• Observable Gravitational Wave Strain at Second Order
• Entropy growth in the early universe and confirmation of initial big bang conditions (Why the quark-gluon model is not the best analogy)
• Cosmological perturbation theory with trinity of scalar fields
• Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability: Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves
• Bispectrum of induced gravitational waves in the poltergeist mechanism
• Correlating Gravitational Wave and Gamma-ray Signals from Primordial Black Holes
• A Faster Growth of Perturbations in an Early Matter Dominated Epoch: Primordial Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
• Primordial black holes and scalar induced gravitational waves from sound speed resonance in non-minimal derivative coupling inflation model
• Covariant transverse-traceless projection for secondary gravitational waves
• Measuring the speed of scalar induced gravitational waves from observations
• Signatures of Primordial Gravitational Waves on the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
• Flattened bispectrum of the scalar-induced gravitational waves
• The transverse-traceless gauge and the gauge problem of second order gravitational waves
• Gravitational waves from resonant amplification of curvature perturbations during inflation
• Kination cosmology from scalar fields and gravitational-wave signatures
• Primordial gravitational waves from excited states
• Constraining the inflaton potential with gravitational waves from oscillons
• A non-perturbative framework for N-point functions of locally non-Gaussian fields
• Circularly polarized gravitational waves from parity-violating scalar-tensor theory
• Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves in Palatini $f(R)$ Gravity
• High Sensitivity Methodologies to Detect Radio Band Gravitational Waves
• The gravitational wave background induced by nonlinear interactions between isotropic inhomogeneities and anisotropic inhomogeneous density perturbations
• Gravitational Waves from Gauge Quanta Produced during Inflation
• Inflationary phase transitions in the early Universe: A Bayesian study with space-based gravitational-wave detectors
• Spectrum of third-order tensor perturbations induced by excited scalar fields