The HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. XXVIII. Combining the Constraints on the Hubble Constant

Abstract

Since the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope nine years ago, Cepheid distances to 25 galaxies have been determined for the purpose of calibrating secondary distance indicators. A variety of these can now be calibrated, and the accompanying papers by Sakai, Kelson, Ferrarese, and Gibson employ the full set of 25 galaxies to consider the Tully-Fisher relation, the fundamental plane of elliptical galaxies, Type Ia supernovae, and surface brightness fluctuations. When calibrated with Cepheid distances, each of these methods yields a measurement of the Hubble constant and a corresponding measurement uncertainty. We combine these measurements in this paper, together with a model of the velocity field, to yield the best available estimate of the value of H_0 within the range of these secondary distance indicators and its uncertainty. The result is H_0 = 71 +/- 6 km/sec/Mpc. The largest contributor to the uncertainty of this 67% confidence level result is the distance of the Large Magellanic Cloud, which has been assumed to be 50 +/- 3 kpc.

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• Constraints on Dark Energy from the Observed Expansion of our Cosmic Horizon
• The Small Isolated Gas Rich Irregular Dwarf (SIGRID) Galaxy Sample: Description and First Results
• Nebular-Phase Spectra of Type Ia Supernovae from the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Supernova Project
• Large-scale structure and matter in the universe
• Circumnuclear Structures in Megamaser Host Galaxies
• NGC 6845: metallicity gradients and star formation in a complex compact group
• Massive Galaxy Mergers Have Distinctive Global HI Profiles
• Panchromatic evolution of three luminous red novae: Forbidden hugs in pandemic times -- IV
• Average luminosity distance in inhomogeneous universes
• Is HCG31 undergoing a merger or a fly-by interaction?
• Cosmological parameters from complementary observations of the Universe
• A Sober Assessment of Cosmology at the New Millennium
• Quantitative Photospheric Spectral Analysis of the Type IIP Supernova 2007od
• A low-luminosity core-collapse supernova very similar to SN 2005cs
• High velocity blue-shifted FeII absorption in the dwarf star-forming galaxy PHL293B: Evidence for a wind driven supershell?
• The Norma cluster (ACO3627) -- III. The Distance and Peculiar Velocity via the Near-Infrared Ks-band Fundamental Plane
• Origin of high-velocity ejecta and early red excess emission in the infant Type Ia supernova 2021aefx
• Core-collapse supernova subtypes in luminous infrared galaxies
• Photometric and spectroscopic evolution of the peculiar Type IIn SN 2012ab
• Connection among environment, cloud-cloud collision speed, and star formation activity in the strongly barred galaxy NGC1300
• Tidal Tails of Minor Mergers II: Comparing Star Formation in the Tidal Tails of NGC 2782
• Morphology and surface photometry of a sample of isolated early-type galaxies from deep imaging
• HAFFET: Hybrid Analytic Flux FittEr for Transients
• The Neutral Hydrogen Properties of Galaxies in Gas-rich Groups
• CO(2-1)/CO(1-0) line ratio on $\sim$100 parsec scale in the nearby barred galaxy NGC1300
• Hubble Constant at Intermediate Redshift using the CO-Line Tully-Fisher Relation
• X-ray variability analysis of a large series of XMM-Newton + NuSTAR observations of NGC 3227
• Probing galaxy density profiles with future supernova surveys
• SNhunt151: an explosive event inside a dense cocoon
• The origin of the vanishing soft X-ray excess in the changing-look Active Galactic Nucleus Mrk 590
• Multi-wavelength GOALS Observations of Star Formation and Active Galactic Nucleus Activity in the Luminous Infrared Galaxy IC 883
• The Extraplanar Type II Supernova ASASSN-14jb in the Nearby Edge-on Galaxy ESO 467-G051
• SN 2021fxy: Mid-Ultraviolet Flux Suppression is a Common Feature of Type Ia Supernovae
• The Extragalactic Distance Scale without Cepheids IV
• An assessment of the evidence from ATLAS3D for a variable initial mass function
• Non-minimally coupled quintessence DE model with a cubic galileon term --A Dynamical System Analysis
• The space density distribution of galaxies in the absolute magnitude - rotation velocity plane: a volume-complete Tully-Fisher relation from CALIFA stellar kinematics
• Kinematics and physical properties of the nearby galaxy NGC 4656 and its TDG candidate
• The effect of interacting dark energy on local measurements of the Hubble constant
• Standardizing Type Ia supernovae using Near Infrared rebrightening time
• NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5643 X-1
• SN 2020pvb: a Type IIn-P supernova with a precursor outburst
• SN 2015bq: A Luminous Type Ia Supernova with Early Flux Excess
• An $H\alpha$ Imaging Survey of the all (Ultra-)Luminous Infrared Galaxies at $Dec.\ge -30^{\circ }$ in the GOALS Sample
• Mysteries of the Geometrization of Gravitation
• Properties of Bulgeless Disk Galaxies II. Star Formation as a Function of Circular Velocity
• The Disturbed and Globular Cluster-Rich Ultra-diffuse Galaxy UGC 9050-Dw1
• Lifting the Veil of Dust from NGC 0959: The Importance of a Pixel-Based 2D Extinction Correction
• Choirs, HI Galaxy Groups: Catalogue and Detection of Star-forming Dwarf Group Members
• The Fundamental Manifold of spiral galaxies: ordered versus random motions and the morphology dependence of the Tully-Fisher relation
• SN 2020cpg: an energetic link between type IIb and Ib supernovae
• Imagery and long-slit spectroscopy of the Polar-Ring Galaxy AM2020-504
• A Comprehensive HST BVI Catalogue Of Star Clusters In Five Hickson Compact Groups Of Galaxies
• Dense Gas and Star Formation in Nearby Infrared Bright Galaxies: APEX survey of HCN and HCO+ J=2-1
• Distortion of Infall Regions in Redshift Space-I
• Euclid: Early Release Observations of diffuse stellar structures and globular clusters as probes of the mass assembly of galaxies in the Dorado group
• The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. XV. Planck submillimetre sources in the Virgo Cluster
• Investigating the observational properties of Type Ib supernova SN 2017iro
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium. XI. Diverse evolution of five Ibn SNe 2020nxt, 2020taz, 2021bbv, 2023utc and 2024aej
• A conjecture on the origin of dark energy
• Is this an Early Stage Merger? A Case Study on Molecular Gas and Star Formation Properties of Arp 240
• Normal Globular Cluster Systems in Massive Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
• Mapping the Spatial Distribution of Dust Extinction in NGC 959 Using Broadband Visible and mid-IR Filters
• Observations of A Fast-Expanding and UV-Bright Type Ia Supernova SN 2013gs
• Clues on Arp 142: The Spiral-Elliptical merger
• Properties of Bulgeless Disk Galaxies. I. Atomic Gas
• The Ups and Downs of the Hubble Constant
• Three is the magic number -- distance measurement of NGC 3147 using SN 2021hpr and its siblings
• A long-lasting eruption heralds SN 2023ldh, a clone of SN 2009ip
• Towards Machine-assisted Meta-Studies: The Hubble Constant
• A Deep Census of Outlying Star Formation in the M101 Group
• Revealing the Double Nucleus of NGC 4490
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium $-$ X. Flash spectral features in the Type Ibn SN 2019cj and observations of SN 2018jmt
• SN 2019odp: A Massive Oxygen-Rich Type Ib Supernova
• Detection of Iron Emission in the z = 5.74 QSO SDSSp J104433.04-012502.2
• SN 2023zaw: an ultra-stripped, nickel-poor supernova from a low-mass progenitor
• Kinematics and dynamics of the luminous infrared galaxy pair NGC 5257/58 (Arp 240)
• An Oxford SWIFT Integral Field Spectroscopy study of 14 early-type galaxies in the Coma cluster
• EIG - II. Intriguing characteristics of the most extremely isolated galaxies
• Luminosity Distribution of Dwarf Elliptical-like Galaxies
• A Deep Chandra Observation of the Distant Galaxy Cluster MS1137.5+6625
• Four New Planetary Nebulae Toward the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The LOFAR view of massive early-type galaxies: Transition from radio AGN to host emission
• The Chicago Carnegie Hubble Program: Improving the Calibration of SNe Ia with JWST Measurements of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch
• Distance Measurements and Stellar Population Properties via Surface Brightness Fluctuations
• Environmental processing of galaxies in HI-rich groups
• The Star Formation Reference Survey. IV. Stellar mass distribution of local star-forming galaxies
• Discovery of a Large Population of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources in the Bulge-less Galaxies NGC 337 and ESO 501-23
• History of Astronomy in Australia: Big-Impact Astronomy from World War II until the Lunar Landing (1945-1969)
• Direct Analysis of the Broad-Line SN 2019ein: Connection with the Core-Normal SN 2011fe
• The Volumetric Star Formation Law in the Almost Edge-on Galaxy NGC 4302 Revealed by ALMA
• A critical review of the evidence for M32 being a compact dwarf satellite of M31 rather than a more distant normal galaxy
• Is the far border of the Local Void expanding?
• An Empirical Procedure to Estimate Distances to Stellar Clusters
• A robust method for measuring the Hubble parameter
• SN 2016iog: A fast declining Type II-L supernova with an ultra-faint tail, persistently interacting with circumstellar material
• The spatial distribution of dwarf and giant galaxies in and around Virgo cluster
• Star formation and gas in the minor merger UGC 10214
• Optical/Near-IR spatially resolved study of the H II galaxy Tol 02
• Type Ia supernovae SN 2013bz, PSN J0910+5003 and ASASSN-16ex: similar to 09dc-like?
• Searching for intergalactic star forming regions in Stephan's Quintet with SITELLE: II. Physical properties and metallicity
• Probing Cool and Warm Infrared Galaxies using Photometric and Structural Measures
• Virgo Filaments VI: H$\alpha$ clumps in the filaments around the Virgo galaxy cluster
• Evidence for the First Globular Cluster Stellar Stream beyond the Milky Way
• SN 2017ati: A luminous type IIb explosion from a massive progenitor
• Unveiling SN 2022eyw: A Bright Member of the Type Iax Supernova Subclass
• Galaxy disc central surface brightness distribution in the optical and near-infrared bands
• Faintest of them all : ZTF 21aaoryiz/SN 2021fcg -- Discovery of an extremely low luminosity type Iax supernova