Observations of the low-luminosity Type Iax supernova 2019gsc: a fainter clone of SN 2008ha?

Abstract

We present optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of the faint-and-fast evolving type Iax SN 2019gsc, extending from the time of g-band maximum until about fifty days post maximum, when the object faded to an apparent r-band magnitude m_r = 22.48+/-0.11 mag. SN 2019gsc reached a peak luminosity of only M_g = -13.58 +/- 0.15 mag, and is characterised with a post-maximum decline rate Delta(m_15)_g = 1.08 +/- 0.14 mag. These light curve parameters are comparable to those measured for SN 2008ha of M_g = -13.89 +/- 0.14 mag at peak and Delta(m_15)_g = 1.80 +/- 0.03 mag. The spectral features of SN 2019gsc also resemble those of SN 2008ha at similar phases. This includes both the extremely low ejecta velocity at maximum, about 3,000 km/s, and at late-time (phase +54 d) strong forbidden iron and cobalt lines as well as both forbidden and permitted calcium features. Furthermore, akin to SN 2008ha, the bolometric light curve of SN 2019gsc is consistent with the production of 0.003 +/- 0.001 Msol of nickel. The explosion parameters, M_ej = 0.13 Msol and E_k = 12 x 10E48 erg, are also similar to those inferred for SN 2008ha. We estimate a sub-solar oxygen abundance for the host galaxy of SN 2019gsc, (12 + log10(O/H) = 8.10 +/- 0.18 dex), consistent with the equally metal-poor environment of SN 2008ha. Altogether, our dataset of SN 2019gsc indicates that this is a member of a small but growing group of extreme SN Iax that includes SN 2008ha and SN 2010ae.

arXiv comment13 pages, 10 figures. ACCEPTED 2020 June 04 MNRAS

References in corpus (51)

• The chemical composition of the Sun
• Measuring Reddening with SDSS Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating SFD
• A 2.4% Determination of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant
• [O III]/[N II] as an Abundance Indicator at High Redshift
• ATLAS: A High-Cadence All-Sky Survey System
• The O3N2 and N2 abundance indicators revisited: improved calibrations based on CALIFA and Te-based literature data
• The HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. XXVIII. Combining the Constraints on the Hubble Constant
• Type Iax Supernovae: A New Class of Stellar Explosion
• SN 2002cx: The Most Peculiar Known Type Ia Supernova
• The Fifteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release of MaNGA Derived Quantities, Data Visualization Tools and Stellar Library
• Three-dimensional pure deflagration models with nucleosynthesis and synthetic observables for Type Ia supernovae
• The Risetime of Nearby Type Ia Supernovae
• The Peculiar SN 2005hk: Do Some Type Ia Supernovae Explode as Deflagrations?
• 3D deflagration simulations leaving bound remnants: a model for 2002cx-like Type Ia supernovae
• SN 2008ha: An Extremely Low Luminosity and Extremely Low Energy Supernova
• Ultraviolet Light Curves of Supernovae with Swift Uvot
• A low energy core-collapse supernova without a hydrogen envelope
• A spectral synthesis code for rapid modelling of supernovae
• Failed-Detonation Supernovae: Sub-Luminous Low-Velocity Ia Supernovae and Their Kicked Remnant White Dwarfs with Iron-Rich Cores
• Late-Time Spectroscopy of SN 2002cx: The Prototype of a New Subclass of Type Ia Supernovae
• A luminous, blue progenitor system for a type-Iax supernova
• The Extremes of Thermonuclear Supernovae
• Fallback Supernovae: A Possible Origin of Peculiar Supernovae with Extremely Low Explosion Energies
• Deflagrations in hybrid CONe white dwarfs: a route to explain the faint Type Iax supernova 2008ha
• The Rising Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae
• A Study of Carbon Features in Type Ia Supernova Spectra
• Comprehensive Observations of the Bright and Energetic Type Iax SN 2012Z: Interpretation as a Chandrasekhar Mass White Dwarf Explosion
• Lower limits on the Hubble Constant from models of Type Ia Supernovae
• Reading the Spectra of the Most Peculiar Type Ia Supernova 2002cx
• The evolution of the peculiar Type Ia supernova SN 2005hk over 400 days
• Spectropolarimetry of the Peculiar Type Ia SN 2005hk
• Constraints on Shallow 56Ni from the Early Lightcurves of Type Ia Supernovae
• An unusual white dwarf star may be a surviving remnant of a subluminous Type Ia supernova
• Unburned Material in the Ejecta of Type Ia Supernovae
• High-Resolution Simulations of Convection Preceding Ignition in Type Ia Supernovae Using Adaptive Mesh Refinement
• Optical and Near-IR Observations of the Faint and Fast 2008ha-like Supernova 2010ae
• The type Iax supernova, SN 2015H: a white dwarf deflagration candidate
• Type Iax Supernovae
• Late-time Spectroscopy of Type Iax Supernovae
• Partly burnt runaway stellar remnants from peculiar thermonuclear supernovae
• Investigating the diversity of supernovae type Iax: A MUSE and NOT spectroscopic study of their environments
• Double-Degenerate Carbon-Oxygen and Oxygen-Neon White Dwarf Mergers: A New Mechanism for Faint and Rapid Type Ia Supernovae
• Rapidly evolving faint transients from stripped-envelope electron-capture supernovae
• The birth rate of SNe Ia from hybrid CONe white dwarfs
• One-dimensional non-LTE time-dependent radiative transfer of an He-detonation model and the connection to faint and fast-decaying supernovae
• Optical and near infrared observations of SN 2014ck: an outlier among the Type Iax supernovae
• The Deepest Radio Observations of Nearby Type IA Supernovae: Constraining Progenitor Types and Optimizing Future Surveys
• The lowest of the low: discovery of SN 2019gsc and the nature of faint Iax supernovae
• SN 2012dn from early to late times: 09dc-like supernovae reassessed
• Detection of Circumstellar Helium in Type Iax Progenitor Systems
• Detecting the signatures of helium in type Iax supernovae

Cited by in corpus (13)

• The Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe I: Systematic search for Calcium rich gap transients reveal three related spectroscopic sub-classes
• SN 2019muj -- a well-observed Type Iax supernova that bridges the luminosity gap of the class
• SN 2020kyg and the rates of faint Iax Supernovae from ATLAS
• SN 2020sck: deflagration in a carbon-oxygen white dwarf
• Early and Extensive Ultraviolet Through Near Infrared Observations of the Intermediate-Luminosity Type Iax Supernovae 2024pxl
• SN 2020udy: a SN Iax with strict limits on interaction consistent with a helium-star companion
• Optical studies of a bright Type Iax supernova SN 2020rea
• SN 2024bfu, SN 2025qe, and the early light curves of type Iax supernovae
• Observational properties of a bright type Iax SN 2018cni and a faint type Iax SN 2020kyg
• Unveiling SN 2022eyw: A Bright Member of the Type Iax Supernova Subclass
• The extremely low-luminosity Type Iax SNe 2022ywf and 2023zgx
• Type Iax supernovae from deflagrations in Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs
• Faintest of them all : ZTF 21aaoryiz/SN 2021fcg -- Discovery of an extremely low luminosity type Iax supernova