Type Iax Supernovae

Abstract

Type Iax supernovae (SN Iax), also called SN 2002cx-like supernovae, are the largest class of peculiar white dwarf (thermonuclear) supernovae, with over fifty members known. SN Iax have lower ejecta velocity and lower luminosities, and these parameters span a much wider range, than normal type Ia supernovae (SN Ia). SN Iax are spectroscopically similar to some SN Ia near maximum light, but are unique among all supernovae in their late-time spectra, which never become fully nebular. SN Iax overwhelmingly occur in late-type host galaxies, implying a relatively young population. The SN Iax 2012Z is the only white dwarf supernova for which a pre-explosion progenitor system has been detected. A variety of models have been proposed, but one leading scenario has emerged: a type Iax supernova may be a pure-deflagration explosion of a carbon-oxygen (or hybrid carbon-oxygen-neon) white dwarf, triggered by helium accretion to the Chandrasekhar mass, that does not necessarily fully disrupt the star.

Author version of a chapter in the 'Handbook of Supernovae', edited by A. Alsabti and P. Murdin, Springer. 31 pages, 6 figures

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• Constraints on the Chemical Enrichment History of the Perseus Cluster of Galaxies from High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy
• Transients from ONe White-Dwarf - Neutron-Star/Black-Hole Mergers
• Type Ia Supernova Sub-classes and Progenitor Origin
• Anatomy of the hyper-runaway star LP 40-365 with Gaia
• The Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program: Modelling selection efficiency and observed core collapse supernova contamination
• The Dark Energy Survey 5-year photometrically identified Type Ia Supernovae
• Carnegie Supernova Project-II: A new method to photometrically identify sub-types of extreme Type Ia Supernovae
• X-rays observations of a super-Chandrasekhar object reveal an ONeMg and a CO white dwarf merger product embedded in a putative SN Iax remnant
• Octo-Tiger: A New, 3D Hydrodynamic Code for Stellar Mergers that uses HPX Parallelisation
• Explosive Nucleosynthesis in Near-Chandrasekhar-mass White Dwarf Models for Type Iax Supernovae: Dependence on Model Parameters
• The lowest of the low: discovery of SN 2019gsc and the nature of faint Iax supernovae
• Supernovae and their host galaxies -- VII. The diversity of Type Ia supernova progenitors
• SN 2019muj -- a well-observed Type Iax supernova that bridges the luminosity gap of the class
• Chemical abundances in Sgr A East: evidence for a Type Iax supernova remnant
• SN 2020kyg and the rates of faint Iax Supernovae from ATLAS
• Do SN 2002cx-like and SN Ia-CSM objects share the same origin?
• The long-term evolution and appearance of Type Iax postgenitor stars
• Detection of Circumstellar Helium in Type Iax Progenitor Systems
• Models of pulsationally assisted gravitationally confined detonations with different ignition conditions
• The interaction of Type Iax supernova ejecta with a helium companion star
• Presto-Color: A Photometric Survey Cadence for Explosive Physics & Fast Transients
• Observational constraints on the origin of the elements. V. Non-LTE abundance ratios of [Ni/Fe] in Galactic stars and enrichment by sub-Chandrasekhar mass SNe
• PS15cey and PS17cke: prospective candidates from the Pan-STARRS Search for Kilonovae
• Type Ia supernovae from non-accreting progenitors
• Observations of the low-luminosity Type Iax supernova 2019gsc: a fainter clone of SN 2008ha?
• Intermediate Luminosity Type Iax SN 2019muj With Narrow Absorption Lines: Long-Lasting Radiation Associated With a Possible Bound Remnant Predicted by the Weak Deflagration Model
• Constraining Type Iax Supernova Progenitor Systems with Stellar Population Aging
• Evolution of Helium Star - White Dwarf Binaries Leading up to Thermonuclear Supernovae
• Long-term evolution of surviving companion stars of Type Iax supernovae
• The Path from the Chinese and Japanese Observations of Supernova 1181 AD, to a Type Iax Supernova, to the Merger of CO and ONe White Dwarfs
• White dwarf deflagrations for Type Iax supernovae: Polarisation signatures from the explosion and companion interaction
• Early and Extensive Ultraviolet Through Near Infrared Observations of the Intermediate-Luminosity Type Iax Supernovae 2024pxl
• Thermonuclear and Electron-Capture Supernovae from Stripped-Envelope Stars
• The Simulated Catalogue of Optical Transients and Correlated Hosts (SCOTCH)
• Possible Contribution of Magnetized White Dwarf Binaries to Type Ia Supernova Populations
• Assessment of the Systematic Uncertainties in the Cosmological Analysis of the SDSS Supernovae Photometric Sample
• SN 2020udy: a SN Iax with strict limits on interaction consistent with a helium-star companion
• The two most recent thermonuclear supernovae in the Local Group: radio constraints on their progenitors and evolution
• Rayleigh-Taylor unstable flames at higher Reynolds number
• A study of Si II and S II features in spectra of Type Ia supernova
• Optical studies of a bright Type Iax supernova SN 2020rea
• Rapid Transients Originating from Thermonuclear Explosions in Helium White Dwarf Tidal Disruption Events
• SN 2024bfu, SN 2025qe, and the early light curves of type Iax supernovae
• Long-term evolution of post-explosion Helium-star Companions of Type Iax Supernovae
• SN 2022xlp: The second-known well-observed, intermediate-luminosity Iax supernova
• Using chemical evolution models of the Milky Way disk to constrain Type Ia supernova progenitors
• ZTF SN Ia DR2: The secondary maximum in Type Ia supernovae
• Pre-Explosion Properties of Helium Star Donors to Thermonuclear Supernovae
• Plasma Instabilities Dominate Radioactive Transients Magnetic Fields: The self-confinement of leptons in Type Ia and Core-Collapse Supernovae, and Kilonovae
• Evidence of .Ia Supernova Detonations in 3D Hydrodynamical Simulations of Double Degenerate Mergers
• Type Iax supernovae as a source of iron-rich silicate dust
• Unveiling SN 2022eyw: A Bright Member of the Type Iax Supernova Subclass
• Type Iax supernovae from deflagrations in Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs
• Abundance Stratification in Type Iax SN 2020rea with TARDIS