The K20 survey. VI. The Distribution of the Stellar Masses in Galaxies up to z~2

Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of the stellar mass content of galaxies up to z=2.5 in the K20 galaxy sample, that has a 92% spectroscopic completeness and a complete $UBVRIzJ{K}_s$ multicolor coverage. We find that the M/L ratio decreases with redshift: in particular, the average M/L ratio of early type galaxies decreases with $z$, with a scatter that is indicative of a range of star--formation time-scales and redshift of formation. More important, the typical M/L of massive early type galaxies is larger than that of less massive ones, suggesting that their stellar population formed at higher z. The final K20 galaxy sample spans a range of stellar masses from M*=10^9Msun to M*=10^12Msun, with massive galaxies ($M*>10^11Msun) detected up to z~2. We compute the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function at various z, of which we observe only a mild evolution (i.e. by 20-30%) up to z~1. At z>1, the evolution of the GSMF appears to be much faster: at z~2, about 35% of the present day stellar mass in objects with M*~10^11Msun appear to have assembled. We also detect a change in the physical nature of the most massive galaxies, since at z>1 a population of massive star--forming galaxies progressively appears. We finally analyze our results in the framework of Lambda-CDM hierarchical models. First, we show that the large number of massive galaxies detected at high z does not violate any fundamental Lambda-CDM constraint based on the number of massive DM halos. Then, we compare our results with the predictions of renditions of both semianalytic and hydro-dynamical models, that range from severe underestimates to slight overestimates of the observed mass density at z<~2. We discuss how the differences among these models are due to the different implementation of the main physical processes. (Abridged)

Accepted for publication on Astronomy & Astrophysics

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• Galaxy morphology and evolution from SWAN Adaptive Optics imaging
• Modelling the spectral energy distribution of galaxies: introducing the artificial neural network
• Mass-dependent Color Evolution of Field Galaxies Back to z~3 Over the Wide Range of Stellar Mass
• On Iron Enrichment, Star Formation, and Type Ia Supernovae in Galaxy Clusters
• A spectroscopic measure of the star-formation rate density in dwarf galaxies at z~1
• The abundance and colours of galaxies in high redshift clusters in the cold dark matter cosmology
• Optical to Near-IR Spectrum of a Massive Evolved Galaxy at z = 1.26
• Cosmological networks
• Colors of Dwarf Ellipticals from GALEX to WISE
• On the Evolution of the Star Formation Rate Function of Massive Galaxies. Constraints at 0.4<z<1.8 from the GOODS-MUSIC Catalogue
• Long gamma ray burst rate in the binary merger progenitor model
• Nearby Galaxies in More Distant Contexts
• Supernova-Neutrino-Boosted Dark Matter from All Galaxies
• A mass threshold in the number density of passive galaxies at z$\sim$2
• The morphologies and masses of extremely red galaxies in the Groth Strip survey
• EROs found behind lensing clusters: II.Empirical properties, classification, and SED modelling based on multi-wavelength observations
• A Large Massive Quiescent Galaxy Sample at z~1.2
• The stellar mass function of quiescent and star-forming galaxies and its dependence on morphology in COSMOS-Web
• The Bright Ages Survey. I. Imaging Data
• Measuring the gas reservoirs in $10^8<$ M${}_{\star }<10^{11}$ M${}_{\odot }$ galaxies at $1\le z\le 3$
• The role of HST in the study of near- and mid-infrared-selected galaxies