Binarity in Brown Dwarfs: T Dwarf Binaries Discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope WPFC2

Abstract

(abridged) We present the discovery of two T dwarf binaries, 2MASS 1225-2739AB and 2MASS 1534-2952AB, identified in a sample of ten T dwarfs imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2. The separations of the two binary systems are 0{\farcs}282$\pm$0{\farcs}005 and 0{\farcs}065$\pm$0{\farcs}007, implying projected separations of 3.17$\pm$0.14 and 1.0$\pm$0.3 AU, respectively. The observed binary fraction of our HST sample, 20${}_{-7}^{+17}$%, is consistent with results obtained for late-M and L field dwarfs, and implies a bias-corrected binary fraction of 9${}_{-4}^{+15}$% for $a\gtrsim 1$ AU and $q\gtrsim 0.4$, significantly lower than the binary fractions of F--G and early-type M dwarf stars. Neither of the T binaries have separations $a\gtrsim 10$ AU, consistent with results from other brown dwarf binary searches. We conclude that tidal disruption by passing stars or Giant Molecular Clouds, which limits the extent of wide stellar binaries, plays no role in eliminating wide brown dwarf binaries, implying either disruption very early in the formation process (ages $\lesssim 1-10$ Myr) or a formation mechanism which precludes such systems. We find that the maximum binary separation in the brown dwarf regime appears to scale as M${}_{total}^2$, a possible clue to the physical mechanism which restricts wide substellar systems.

21 pages including 10 figures, accepted to ApJ

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• Herschel GASPS spectral observations of T Tauri stars in Taurus: unraveling far-infrared line emission from jets and discs
• Initial Estimates on the Performance of the $LSST$ on the Detection of Eclipsing Binaries
• Investigating Possible Binarity for GJ 229B
• Dry Merger Rate and Post-merger Fraction in the Coma Cluster Core
• WISE J061213.85-303612.5: a new T-dwarf binary candidate
• NICMOS Kernel-Phase Interferometry II: Demographics of Nearby Brown Dwarfs
• The Small Separation A-Star Companion Population: First Results with CHARA/MIRC-X
• The long-term evolution of main-sequence binaries in DRAGON simulations
• A New Brown Dwarf Orbiting an M star and An Investigation on the Eccentricity Distribution of Transiting Long-Period Brown Dwarfs
• A search for planetary-mass objects and brown dwarfs in the Upper Scorpius association
• Informed systematic method to identify variable mid and late-T dwarfs
• Adaptive optics observations of the T10 ultracool dwarf UGPSJ072227.51-054031.2
• The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP). II. Details on Nine Wide Common Proper Motion Very Low-Mass Companions to Nearby Stars
• The Solar Neighborhood. LV. M Dwarf Twin Binaries -- One in Five Twin Sibling Pairs Are Mismatched in Activity and/or Rotation
• The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP). V. Radial and Rotational Velocities of T Dwarfs from Keck/NIRSPEC High-Resolution Spectroscopy
• Detection and characterisation of two VLM binaries: LP 1033-31 and LP 877-72
• Dynamically close galaxy pairs from the unWISE survey: Testing the merger-AGN-star formation connection
• Intermediate-mass stars and the origin of the gas-giant planet-metallicity correlation
• Widely separated binary systems of very low mass stars
• Ross 19B: An Extremely Cold Companion Discovered via the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project
• Discovery of 34 low-mass comoving systems using NOIRLab Source Catalog DR2
• An Adaptive Optics Census of Companions to Northern Stars Within 25 pc with Robo-AO
• Silicate Clouds, SiO, and Molecular Trends across the L-T Sequence: A JWST/MIRI LRS Spectral Library of Brown Dwarfs