Symphony: Cosmological Zoom-in Simulation Suites over Four Decades of Host Halo Mass

Abstract

We present Symphony, a compilation of $262$ cosmological, cold-dark-matter-only zoom-in simulations spanning four decades of host halo mass, from $10^{11}$$-$$10^{15}{M}_{\odot }$. This compilation includes three existing simulation suites at the cluster and Milky Way$-$mass scales, and two new suites: $39$ Large Magellanic Cloud-mass ($10^{11}{M}_{\odot }$) and $49$ strong-lens-analog ($10^{13}{M}_{\odot }$) group-mass hosts. Across the entire host halo mass range, the highest-resolution regions in these simulations are resolved with a dark matter particle mass of $\approx 3\times 10^{-7}$ times the host virial mass and a Plummer-equivalent gravitational softening length of $\approx 9\times 10^{-4}$ times the host virial radius, on average. We measure correlations between subhalo abundance and host concentration, formation time, and maximum subhalo mass, all of which peak at the Milky Way host halo mass scale. Subhalo abundances are $\approx 50\%$ higher in clusters than in lower-mass hosts at fixed sub-to-host halo mass ratios. Subhalo radial distributions are approximately self-similar as a function of host mass and are less concentrated than hosts' underlying dark matter distributions. We compare our results to the semianalytic model $\text{Galacticus}$, which predicts subhalo mass functions with a higher normalization at the low-mass end and radial distributions that are slightly more concentrated than Symphony. We use $\text{UniverseMachine}$ to model halo and subhalo star formation histories in Symphony, and we demonstrate that these predictions resolve the formation histories of the halos that host nearly all currently observable satellite galaxies in the universe. To promote open use of Symphony, data products are publicly available at http://web.stanford.edu/group/gfc/symphony.

arXiv comment39 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables. Updated to published version

References in corpus (190)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The cosmological simulation code GADGET-2
• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Parameter Results
• LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
• Large scale bias and the peak background split
• Statistical Properties of X-ray Clusters: Analytic and Numerical Comparisons
• The Average Star Formation Histories of Galaxies in Dark Matter Halos from z=0-8
• The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic and Integrated Properties
• Galaxies on FIRE (Feedback In Realistic Environments): Stellar Feedback Explains Cosmologically Inefficient Star Formation
• The Rockstar Phase-Space Temporal Halo Finder and the Velocity Offsets of Cluster Cores
• UV Luminosity Functions at redshifts z~4 to z~10: 10000 Galaxies from HST Legacy Fields
• UniverseMachine: The Correlation between Galaxy Growth and Dark Matter Halo Assembly from z=0-10
• Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing
• The merger that led to the formation of the Milky Way's inner stellar halo and thick disk
• Concentrations of Dark Halos from their Assembly Histories
• MultiDark simulations: the story of dark matter halo concentrations and density profiles
• Clumps and streams in the local dark matter distribution
• The Diversity and Similarity of Simulated Cold Dark Matter Halos
• Triaxial Modeling of Halo Density Profiles with High-resolution N-body Simulations
• The Evolution of the Galaxy Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Luminosity Function Over the First Two Billion Years
• Reconciling dwarf galaxies with LCDM cosmology: Simulating a realistic population of satellites around a Milky Way-mass galaxy
• Gravitationally Consistent Halo Catalogs and Merger Trees for Precision Cosmology
• The APOSTLE simulations: solutions to the Local Group's cosmic puzzles
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. X. Stellar, Dynamical, and Total Mass Correlations of Massive Early-type Galaxies
• The Faintest Dwarf Galaxies
• Forming Realistic Late-Type Spirals in a LCDM Universe: The Eris Simulation
• Galaxies in N-body simulations: overcoming the overmerging problem
• Connecting Galaxies, Halos, and Star Formation Rates Across Cosmic Time
• The Star Formation Histories of Local Group Dwarf Galaxies I. Hubble Space Telescope / Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 Observations
• COLOSSUS: A python toolkit for cosmology, large-scale structure, and dark matter halos
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. IV: the mass density profile of early-type galaxies out to 100 effective radii
• Rotation-Dependent Catastrophic Disruption of Gravitational Aggregates
• Dependence of the outer density profiles of halos on their mass accretion rate
• Gravitationally lensed quasars and supernovae in future wide-field optical imaging surveys
• NIHAO project I: Reproducing the inefficiency of galaxy formation across cosmic time with a large sample of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
• Streams, substructures and the early history of the Milky Way
• Gravitational detection of a low-mass dark satellite at cosmological distance
• Evidence from the H3 Survey that the Stellar Halo is Entirely Comprised of Substructure
• The Connection between Galaxies and Dark Matter Structures in the Local Universe
• The Physics of Galaxy Clustering I: A Model for Subhalo Populations
• Multiscale Gaussian Random Fields for Cosmological Simulations
• Galacticus: A Semi-Analytic Model of Galaxy Formation
• A universal model for halo concentrations
• The total mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud from its perturbation on the Orphan stream
• The Mass-Concentration-Redshift Relation of Cold and Warm Dark Matter Halos
• The Quenching of the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies in the Reionization Era
• ELVIS: Exploring the Local Volume in Simulations
• Milky Way Satellite Census. III. Constraints on Dark Matter Properties from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
• Detection of lensing substructure using ALMA observations of the dusty galaxy SDP.81
• Disruption of Dark Matter Substructure: Fact or Fiction?
• The splashback radius as a physical halo boundary and the growth of halo mass
• The Universal Mass Accretion History of CDM Haloes
• Dark Matter Substructure in Numerical Simulations: A Tale of Discreteness Noise, Runaway Instabilities, and Artificial Disruption
• Warm dark matter chills out: constraints on the halo mass function and the free-streaming length of dark matter with 8 quadruple-image strong gravitational lenses
• The Uchuu Simulations: Data Release 1 and Dark Matter Halo Concentrations
• An accurate physical model for halo concentrations
• The Radial Distribution of Galaxies in LCDM clusters
• Universal structure of dark matter haloes over a mass range of 20 orders of magnitude
• The SAGA Survey: I. Satellite Galaxy Populations Around Eight Milky Way Analogs
• The Local Group and other neighboring galaxy groups
• Halo and Subhalo Demographics with Planck Cosmological Parameters: Bolshoi-Planck and MultiDark-Planck Simulations
• The Cluster-EAGLE project: global properties of simulated clusters with resolved galaxies
• Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Weak Lensing Mass Calibration of redMaPPer Galaxy Clusters
• The Extreme Faint End of the UV Luminosity Function at $z\sim 6$ Through Gravitational Telescopes: a comprehensive assessment of strong lensing uncertainties
• The Three Hundred project: a large catalogue of theoretically modelled galaxy clusters for cosmological and astrophysical applications
• The Local Group on FIRE: Dwarf galaxy populations across a suite of hydrodynamic simulations
• Splashback in accreting dark matter halos
• The Mass Profile and Accretion History of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• Milky Way Satellite Census. II. Galaxy--Halo Connection Constraints Including the Impact of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The Phoenix Project: the Dark Side of Rich Galaxy Clusters
• The SAGA Survey. II. Building a Statistical Sample of Satellite Systems around Milky Way-like Galaxies
• The Population of Dark Matter Subhaloes: Mass Functions and Average Mass Loss Rates
• SHARP -- VII. New constraints on the dark matter free-streaming properties and substructure abundance from gravitationally lensed quasars
• The Star Formation Histories of Local Group Dwarf Galaxies II. Searching For Signatures of Reionization
• The Orbital Histories of Magellanic Satellites Using Gaia DR2 Proper Motions
• Characterization of subhalo structural properties and implications for dark matter annihilation signals
• An excess of small-scale gravitational lenses observed in galaxy clusters
• Milky Way Satellite Census. I. The Observational Selection Function for Milky Way Satellites in DES Y3 and Pan-STARRS DR1
• Constraints on Dark Matter Microphysics from the Milky Way Satellite Population
• The mass of the Milky Way from satellite dynamics
• Dark matter substructure and dwarf galactic satellites
• Density profiles of LCDM clusters
• The Assembly of Galaxy Clusters
• How to Zoom: Bias, Contamination, and Lagrange Volumes in Multimass Cosmological Simulations
• The Missing Satellites of the Magellanic Clouds? Gaia Proper Motions of the Recently Discovered Ultra-Faint Galaxies
• The Universe at z>10: Predictions for JWST from the UniverseMachine DR1
• The total satellite population of the Milky Way
• The accretion history of dark matter halos I: The physical origin of the universal function
• Beyond Assembly Bias: Exploring Secondary Halo Biases for Cluster-size Haloes
• Phat ELVIS: The inevitable effect of the Milky Way's disk on its dark matter subhaloes
• Mergers and Mass Accretion for Infalling Halos Both End Well Outside Cluster Virial Radii
• A profile in FIRE: resolving the radial distributions of satellite galaxies in the Local Group with simulations
• Measuring the Mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud with Stellar Streams Observed by $S^5$
• The Caterpillar Project: A Large Suite of Milky Way Sized Halos
• The detailed structure and the onset of galaxy formation in low-mass gaseous dark matter haloes
• Dark Matter Constraints from a Unified Analysis of Strong Gravitational Lenses and Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
• Cosmology with the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope -- Multi-Probe Strategies
• The Star Formation Histories of Local Group Dwarf Galaxies III. Characterizing Quenching in Low-Mass Galaxies
• The faint end of the Centaurus A satellite luminosity function
• The Dependence of Subhalo Abundance on Halo Concentration
• The Eating Habits of Milky Way Mass Halos: Destroyed Dwarf Satellites and the Metallicity Distribution of Accreted Stars
• Halo-to-Halo Similarity and Scatter in the Velocity Distribution of Dark Matter
• Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Cluster Abundances, Weak Lensing, and Galaxy Correlations
• The Copernicus Complexio: a high-resolution view of the small-scale Universe
• Numerical convergence of simulations of galaxy formation: the abundance and internal structure of cold dark matter haloes
• The statistics of the subhalo abundance of dark matter haloes
• The asymptotic tidal remnants of cold dark matter subhalos
• Quantifying scatter in galaxy formation at the lowest masses
• The satellites of the Milky Way - Insights from semi-analytic modelling in a LambdaCDM cosmology
• The Cosmogrid Simulation: Statistical Properties of Small Dark Matter Halos
• Going, going, gone dark: Quantifying the scatter in the faintest dwarf galaxies
• Coming of Age in the Dark Sector: How Dark Matter Haloes grow their Gravitational Potential Wells
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with VST. VI. Optical properties of the dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster
• The predicted luminous satellite populations around SMC and LMC-mass galaxies - A missing satellite problem around the LMC?
• Abundance matching with the mean star formation rate: there is no missing satellites problem in the Milky Way above ${\mathbf{M}}_{200}\sim 10^9{\mathbf{M}}_{\odot }$
• Rhapsody-G simulations I: the cool cores, hot gas and stellar content of massive galaxy clusters
• Signatures of Self-Interacting dark matter on cluster density profile and subhalo distributions
• The mass-richness relation of optically-selected clusters from weak gravitational lensing and abundance with Subaru HSC first-year data
• Measurement of the Splashback Feature around SZ-selected Galaxy Clusters with DES, SPT and ACT
• The Three Causes of Low-Mass Assembly Bias
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). XIII. The Luminosity and Mass Function of Galaxies in the Core of the Virgo Cluster and the Contribution from Disrupted Satellites
• Modeling the Connection Between Subhalos and Satellites in Milky Way-like Systems
• The tidal evolution of dark matter substructure -- II. The impact of artificial disruption on subhalo mass functions and radial profiles
• NIHAO V: Too big doesn't fail -- reconciling the conflict between LCDM predictions and the circular velocities of nearby field galaxies
• EDGE: The origin of scatter in ultra-faint dwarf stellar masses and surface brightnesses
• Resolved Dwarf Galaxy Searches within ~5 Mpc with the Vera Rubin Observatory and Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam
• Concentrations of Dark Haloes Emerge from Their Merger Histories
• Signatures of Velocity-Dependent Dark Matter Self-Interactions in Milky Way-mass Halos
• Subhalo destruction in the Apostle and Auriga simulations
• The Galaxy Clustering Crisis in Abundance Matching
• Constrained Local UniversE Simulations: A Local Group Factory
• The Orbital Ellipticity of Satellite Galaxies and the Mass of the Milky Way
• The interplay of Self-Interacting Dark Matter and baryons in shaping the halo evolution
• Rhapsody. I. Structural Properties and Formation History From a Statistical Sample of Re-simulated Cluster-size Halos
• Modeling the Impact of Baryons on Subhalo Populations with Machine Learning
• Constraints on the mass-concentration relation of cold dark matter halos with 11 strong gravitational lenses
• Double dark matter vision: twice the number of compact-source lenses with narrow-line lensing and the WFC3 grism
• Nonlinear evolution of dark matter subhalos and applications to warm dark matter
• DASH: a library of dynamical subhalo evolution
• How Biased Are Halo Properties in Cosmological Simulations?
• How low does it go? Too few Galactic satellites with standard reionization quenching
• A Council of Giants
• Optical selection bias and projection effects in stacked galaxy cluster weak lensing
• Star Formation Histories of Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies: environmental differences between Magellanic and non-Magellanic satellites?
• Structure and kinematics of tidally limited satellite galaxies in LCDM
• Dark and luminous satellites of LMC-mass galaxies in the FIRE simulations
• Rhapsody. II. Subhalo Properties and the Impact of Tidal Stripping From a Statistical Sample of Cluster-Size Halos
• Probing galaxy evolution in massive clusters using ACT and DES: splashback as a cosmic clock
• Virial scaling of galaxies in clusters: bright to faint is cool to hot
• Cold Dark Matter Substructures in Early-Type Galaxy Halos
• GRUMPY: a simple framework for realistic forward-modelling of dwarf galaxies
• SIBELIUS-DARK: a galaxy catalogue of the Local Volume from a constrained realisation simulation
• Young and turbulent: the early life of massive galaxy progenitors
• Deep zoom-in simulation of a fuzzy dark matter galactic halo
• From Images to Dark Matter: End-To-End Inference of Substructure From Hundreds of Strong Gravitational Lenses
• Rhapsody-G simulations: galaxy clusters as baryonic closed boxes and the covariance between hot gas and galaxies
• The infall of dwarf satellite galaxies are influenced by their host's massive accretions
• LCDM halo substructure properties revealed with high resolution and large volume cosmological simulations
• How Unusual is the Milky Way's Assembly History?
• The Effects of Dark Matter and Baryonic Physics on the Milky Way Subhalo Population in the Presence of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The Centaurus Group and the Outer Halo of NGC 5128: Are they Dynamically Connected?
• Variation of the subhalo abundance in dark matter halos
• The Mass Function of Unprocessed Dark Matter Halos and Merger Tree Branching Rates
• The Signatures of Self-Interacting Dark Matter and Subhalo Disruption on Cluster Substructure
• Predictably Missing Satellites: Subhalo Abundance in Milky Way-like Halos
• Tidal Tracks and Artificial Disruption of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• RHAPSODY-G simulations II - Baryonic growth and metal enrichment in massive galaxy clusters
• The importance of preventive feedback: inference from observations of the stellar masses and metallicities of Milky Way dwarf galaxies
• The Sheet of Giants: Unusual Properties of the Milky Way's Immediate Neighbourhood
• Some assembly required: assembly bias in massive dark matter halos
• UniverseMachine: Predicting Galaxy Star Formation over Seven Decades of Halo Mass with Zoom-in Simulations
• Predictions for Strong Lens Detections with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• HACC Cosmological Simulations: First Data Release
• A new calibration method of sub-halo orbital evolution for semi-analytic models
• The Galaxy Luminosity Functions down to M_R=-10 in the Coma Cluster
• The connection between the host halo and the satellite galaxies of the Milky Way
• Illuminating Dark Matter Halo Density Profiles Without Subhaloes
• The Normalization and Slope of the Dark Matter (Sub-)Halo Mass Function on Sub-Galactic Scales
• Quiescent galaxies in a virialized cluster at redshift 2: Evidence for accelerated size-growth
• RedMaPPer: Evolution and Mass Dependence of the Conditional Luminosity Functions of Red Galaxies in Galaxy Clusters
• A high-resolution cosmological simulation of a strong gravitational lens
• Tracing stars in Milky Way satellites with A-SLOTH
• The Doppler effect on indirect detection of dark matter using dark matter only simulations
• Informing dark matter direct detection limits with the ARTEMIS simulations
• Halo concentrations from extended Press-Schechter merger histories
• Subaru HSC weak lensing of SDSS redMaPPer cluster satellite galaxies: Empirical upper limit on orphan fractions
• Massively Parallel Computation of Accurate Densities for N-body Dark Matter Simulations using the Phase-Space-Element Method

Cited by in corpus (30)

• A Self-interacting Dark Matter Solution to the Extreme Diversity of Low-mass Halo Properties
• Strong Dark Matter Self-interactions Diversify Halo Populations within and surrounding the Milky Way
• The SAGA Survey. III. A Census of 101 Satellite Systems around Milky Way-mass Galaxies
• Forecasts for Galaxy Formation and Dark Matter Constraints from Dwarf Galaxy Surveys
• The SAGA Survey. IV. The Star Formation Properties of 101 Satellite Systems around Milky Way-mass Galaxies
• Milky Way-est: Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Large Magellanic Cloud and Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus Analogs
• The SAGA Survey. V. Modeling Satellite Systems around Milky Way-mass Galaxies with Updated UniverseMachine
• COZMIC. I. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Initial Conditions Beyond Cold Dark Matter
• The Impact of Molecular Hydrogen Cooling on the Galaxy Formation Threshold
• Mixed Warm Dark Matter Constraints using Milky Way Satellite Galaxy Counts
• SIDM Concerto: Compilation and Data Release of Self-interacting Dark Matter Zoom-in Simulations
• Novel Conservative Methods for Adaptive Force Softening in Collisionless and Multi-Species N-Body Simulations
• Late-formed halos prefer to host quiescent central galaxies. I. Observational results
• SASHIMI-SIDM: Semi-analytical subhalo modelling for self-interacting dark matter at sub-galactic scales
• The Effects of Linear Matter Power Spectrum Enhancement on Dark Matter Substructure
• EDEN: Exploring Disks Embedded in N-body simulations of Milky-Way-mass halos from Symphony
• COZMIC. II. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Fractional non-CDM Initial Conditions
• Faster than SAM: An empirical model for the tidal evolution of dark matter substructure around strong gravitational lenses
• COZMIC. III. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations of Self-interacting Dark Matter with Suppressed Initial Conditions
• The viability of low-mass subhaloes as targets for gamma-ray dark matter searches
• Quantifying the Impact of Incompleteness on Identifying and Interpreting Galaxy Protocluster Populations with the TNG-Cluster Simulation
• Memoirs of mass accretion: probing the edges of intracluster light in simulated galaxy clusters
• Measurement of Substructure from the Kinematics of the GD-1 Stellar Stream
• New Cold Dark Matter Crisis Revealed by Multiscale Cluster Lensing
• Subhalos are Anisotropically Distributed and Aligned with the Smooth Matter Distribution of Their Host Halos
• Semianalytic model for decaying dark matter halos
• The Influence of Subhaloes on Host Halo Properties
• STRAWBERRY: Finding haloes in the gravitational potential
• Probabilistic Inference of the Structure and Orbit of Milky Way Satellites with Semi-Analytic Modeling
• The Non-universal Pseudo Phase-Space Density Profiles of Symphony Host Halos