The 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era

Abstract

The nearest stars provide a fundamental constraint for our understanding of stellar physics and the Galaxy. The nearby sample serves as an anchor where all objects can be seen and understood with precise data. This work is triggered by the most recent data release of the astrometric space mission Gaia and uses its unprecedented high precision parallax measurements to review the census of objects within 10 pc. The first aim of this work was to compile all stars and brown dwarfs within 10 pc observable by Gaia, and compare it with the Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars as a quality assurance test. We complement the list to get a full 10 pc census, including bright stars, brown dwarfs, and exoplanets. We started our compilation from a query on all objects with a parallax larger than 100 mas using SIMBAD. We completed the census by adding companions, brown dwarfs with recent parallax measurements not in SIMBAD yet, and vetted exoplanets. The compilation combines astrometry and photometry from the recent Gaia Early Data Release 3 with literature magnitudes, spectral types and line-of-sight velocities. We give a description of the astrophysical content of the 10 pc sample. We find a multiplicity frequency of around 28%. Among the stars and brown dwarfs, we estimate that around 61% are M stars and more than half of the M stars are within the range M3.0 V to M5.0 V. We give an overview of the brown dwarfs and exoplanets that should be detected in the next Gaia data releases along with future developments. We provide a catalogue of 540 stars, brown dwarfs, and exoplanets in 339 systems, within 10 pc from the Sun. This list is as volume-complete as possible from current knowledge and provides benchmark stars that can be used, for instance, to define calibration samples and to test the quality of the forthcoming Gaia releases. It also has a strong outreach potential.

arXiv commentRevised version. Accepted for publication in A&A. 15 pages, 3 figures. The catalogue will be only available in electronic form at https://gruze.org/10pc/, at https://gucds.inaf.it/, and at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/

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• NIRPS and TESS reveal a peculiar system around the M dwarf TOI-756: A transiting sub-Neptune and a cold eccentric giant
• Chromaticity of stellar activity in radial velocities : Anti-correlated families of lines on the M dwarf EV Lac with SPIRou and SOPHIE
• Detecting Extraterrestrial Civilizations That Employ an Earth-level Deep Space Network
• Searching for star-planet interactions in GJ 486 at radio wavelengths with the uGMRT
• Two substellar survivor candidates; one found and one missing
• High contrast imaging with Fizeau interferometry: The case of Altair
• Towards characterising rocky worlds: Trends in chemical make-ups of M dwarfs versus GK dwarfs
• GTC/CanariCam deep mid-infrared imaging survey of northern stars within 5 pc
• Characterizing planetary systems with SPIRou: a temperate sub-Neptune exoplanet orbiting the nearby fully-convective star GJ 1289 and a candidate around GJ 3378
• Near-infrared spectroscopic characterisation of Gaia ultra-cool dwarf candidates; Spectral types and peculiarities
• MANGOS II: Five new giant planets orbiting low-mass stars
• M Subdwarf Research III. Spectroscopic Diagnostics for Breaking Parameter Degeneracy
• Hot exozodiacal dust around Fomalhaut: The MATISSE perspective
• Calibrating the metallicity of M dwarfs in wide physical binaries with F-, G-, and K-primaries -- II: Carbon, oxygen, and odd-Z iron-peak abundances of the primary stars
• CaII and H$\alpha$ flaring M dwarfs detected with multi-filter photometry
• Radial velocity analysis of stars with debris discs
• The average X-ray spectrum of the volume-complete M-, F-, G-, and K-type star sample within 10 pc of the Sun
• Exploring stellar activity in a sample of active M dwarfs
• Densities of small planets around the M dwarfs TOI-4336 A and TOI-4342 with ESPRESSO: Three sub-Neptunes, one super-Earth, and a Neptune-mass candidate
• The Gaia Ultracool Dwarf Sample -- IV. GTC/OSIRIS optical spectra of Gaia late-M and L dwarfs
• Modelling the Milky Way's exoplanet population based on cosmological galaxy simulations
• New models of reflection spectra for terrestrial exoplanets: Present and prebiotic Earth orbiting around stars of different spectral types
• Variations in the Radius Distribution of Single- and Compact Multiple-transiting Planets
• TOI-1201 b: A mini-Neptune transiting a bright and moderately young M dwarf
• Assessing the Climate and Habitability of Tidally Locked Rocky Exoplanets
• Metallicities in M dwarfs: Investigating different determination techniques
• Magnetic geometry of M dwarfs in the southern PLATO field