Detection of the Characteristic Pion-Decay Signature in Supernova Remnants

Abstract

Cosmic rays are particles (mostly protons) accelerated to relativistic speeds. Despite wide agreement that supernova remnants (SNRs) are the sources of galactic cosmic rays, unequivocal evidence for the acceleration of protons in these objects is still lacking. When accelerated protons encounter interstellar material, they produce neutral pions, which in turn decay into gamma rays. This offers a compelling way to detect the acceleration sites of protons. The identification of pion-decay gamma rays has been difficult because high-energy electrons also produce gamma rays via bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton scattering. We detected the characteristic pion-decay feature in the gamma-ray spectra of two SNRs, IC 443 and W44, with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. This detection provides direct evidence that cosmic-ray protons are accelerated in SNRs.

arXiv commentTo appear in Science Magazine on February 15th; contact authors: Stefan Funk, Takaaki Tanaka, Yasunobu Uchiyama

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• Determination of a temporally and spatially resolved Supernova rate from OB-stars within 5kpc
• FERMI-LAT Observations of Supernova Remnant G5.7-0.1, Believed to be Interacting with Molecular Clouds
• Spectral modulation of non-Galactic plane Gamma-ray pulsars due to photon-ALPs mixing in Galactic magnetic field
• HAWC and Fermi-LAT Detection of Extended Emission from the Unidentified Source 2HWC J2006+341
• A Study of GeV Gamma-ray Emission toward Supernova Remnant G51.26+0.11 and Its Molecular Environment
• The Moon as a Recorder of Nearby Supernovae
• Constraining Time Dependent Dark Matter Signals from the Sun
• A Supernova Remnant Counterpart for HESS J1832-085
• Modeling the multiwavelength emission from G73.9+0.9: Gamma-rays from a SNR-MC interaction
• Fermi-LAT Gamma-ray Emission Discovered from the Composite Supernova Remnant B0453-685 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Signatures of Recent Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in the High-Latitude $\gamma$-Ray Sky
• The impact of cosmic ray heating on the cooling of the low-metallicity interstellar medium
• Morphological and spectral measurements of 2HWC J1928+177 with HAWC and H.E.S.S
• New prototype scintillator detector for the Tibet AS$\gamma$ Experiment
• Cosmic Rays in the Milky Way and Beyond
• Calibrating Column Density Tracers with Gamma-ray Observations of the $\rho$ Ophiuchi Molecular Cloud
• Gamma-Ray Emission from Supernova Remnants and Surrounding Molecular Clouds
• Detecting the brightest HAWC sources with IceCube in the upcoming years
• Linking gamma-ray spectra of supernova remnants to the cosmic ray injection properties in the aftermath of supernovae
• Did high-energy astrophysical sources contribute to Martian atmospheric loss?
• Recent developments in cosmic ray physics
• Probing Cosmic Rays with Fe K$\alpha$ Line Structures Generated by Multiple Ionization Process
• Cosmic Ray Diffusion in the Turbulent Interstellar Medium: Effects of Mirror Diffusion and Pitch Angle Scattering
• Looking for the possible gluon condensation signature in sub-TeV gamma-ray spectra: from active galactic nuclei to gamma ray bursts
• Discovery of GeV gamma-ray emission from the LMC B0443-6657 with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• High energy gamma-ray detection of supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Multiwavelength Investigation of $\gamma$-ray Source MGRO J1908+06 Emission Using Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and HAWC
• Spectra of cosmic ray electrons and diffuse gamma rays with the constraints of AMS-02 and HESS data
• The Orion Region: Evidence of enhanced cosmic-ray density in a stellar wind forward shock interaction with a high density shell
• Detection of the extended $\gamma$-ray emission from the high Galactic latitude Calvera's SNR candidate
• Multi-messenger connection in high-energy neutrino astronomy
• 2FHL J0826.1-4500: Discovery of a possible shock-cloud interaction on the Western edge of the Vela SNR
• Detection of molecular clouds in the PeVatron candidate source LHAASO J0341$+$5258 by the Nobeyama 45-m radio telescope
• The Disk Wind Contribution to the Gamma-Ray emission from the nearby Seyfert Galaxy GRS 1734-292
• Neutrinos below 100 TeV from the southern sky employing refined veto techniques to IceCube data
• Science Highlights from VERITAS
• Sedimentary rocks from Mediterranean drought in the Messinian age as a probe of the past cosmic ray flux
• Galactic Cosmic Rays - Theory and Interpretation
• A new look at the integrated radio/microwave continuum spectrum of Galactic supernova remnant IC443
• On the Energy Dependence of Galactic Cosmic Ray Anisotropies in the Very Local Interstellar Medium
• X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Emission from Middle-aged Supernova Remnants in Cavities. I. Spherical Symmetry
• Resurrection of Non-thermal Emissions from Type Ib/c Supernova Remnants
• Lower limits on the nucleosynthezis of ${}^{44}$Ti and ${}^{60}$Fe in the dynamic spiral-arms model
• X-ray Binaries: a potential dominant contributor to the cosmic ray spectral knee structure
• AGILE results on relativistic outflows above 100 MeV
• Limits on compression of cosmic rays in supernova remnants
• Cosmic-ray electrons and the magnetic field of the North Polar Spur
• Investigating the Role of Pre-supernova Massive Stars in the Acceleration of Galactic Cosmic Rays
• Galactic Gamma Ray Background from Interactions of Cosmic Rays
• The Gamma-Ray Emission from the Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7-3946 Interacting with Two-phase Medium
• IllustrisTNG + Cosmic Rays with a Simple Transport Model: From Dwarfs to L${}^{\star }$ Galaxies
• Detection of the extended $\gamma$-ray emission from the new supernova remnant G321.3-3.9 with Fermi-LAT
• Modulations in Spectra of Galactic Gamma-ray sources as a result of photon-ALPs mixing
• Probing maximum energy of cosmic rays in SNR through gamma rays and neutrinos from the molecular clouds around SNR W28
• Very-high-energy gamma rays from cosmic rays escaping from Galactic black hole binaries
• Supernova remnants in super bubbles as cosmic ray accelerators
• Report from the Multi-Messenger Working Group at UHECR-2014 Conference
• Between the cosmic-ray `knee' and the `ankle': Contribution from star clusters
• Helium emission from Balmer-dominated shocks in Type Ia supernova remnants provides constraints to their progenitor systems
• Individual particle approach to the diffusive shock acceleration. Effect of the non-uniform flow velocity downstream of the shock
• Latest results from the ARGO-YBJ experiment
• Fermi-LAT Detection of GeV Gamma-Ray Emission from The Highly Asymmetric Shell Supernova Remnant: SNR G317.3-0.2
• The Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS)
• Cosmic Rays and Non-thermal Emission Induced by Accretion of Cool Gas onto the Galactic Disk
• Massive Star Clusters as sources of high-energy gamma radiation
• Detection of Cosmic Rays from ground: an Introduction
• Constraining the production of cosmic rays by pulsars
• Status of space-based gamma-ray astronomy
• SILCC -- IX. The multi-phase interstellar medium at low metallicity
• Gamma-ray emission from decays of boosted nuclei in protomagnetar jets
• Angular Distribution of Gamma Rays Produced in Proton-Proton Collisions
• Hadronic Processes, Plasma Evolution and Neutrino Emission in Magnetic Towers of Neutron-Star Merger Remnants
• A look at the high energy aspects of the supernova remnant G309.8+00.0 with eROSITA and Fermi-LAT
• The expected potential of hadronic PeVatron searches with spectral $\gamma$-ray data from the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory
• Modelling the Gamma-Ray Morphology of HESS J1804-216 from Two Supernova Remnants in a Hadronic Scenario
• Long-term evolution of a supernova remnant hosting a double neutron star binary
• Observation of galactic cosmic ray spallation events from the SoHO mission 20-Year operation of LASCO
• Multi-Messenger Searches in Astrophysics
• On the acceleration of cosmic rays at the post-adiabatic shocks of supernova remnants
• Shocking Signals of Dark Matter Annihilation
• Energy peaks: a high energy physics outlook
• Exploring the Universe with Very High Energy Neutrinos
• Ionisation as indicator for cosmic ray acceleration
• Cosmic Ray Antiprotons from Nearby Cosmic Accelerators
• The Majid-Ruegg model and the Planck scales
• Radio detection of supernova remnant G310.7-5.4 with $\gamma$-ray counterpart: Abeona SNR
• Future Extensive Air Shower arrays: from Gamma-Ray Astronomy to Cosmic Rays
• Simulating Cherenkov Telescope Array observation of RX J1713.7-3946
• A possible explanation of the knee of cosmic light component spectrum from 100 TeV to 3 PeV
• Energy principle for 2D electromagnetic, relativistic, interpenetrating, counter streaming plasma flows
• Galactic sources of high energy neutrinos: Expectation from gamma-ray data
• High-Energy Astrophysics in the 2020s and Beyond
• Measurement of High Energy Gamma Rays from 200 MeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
• Precision measurement of the cosmic-ray electron and positron fluxes as a function of time and energy with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
• The Gamma-ray Sky with Fermi
• A GeV to TeV view of shell-type SNRs
• LMC N132D: a mature supernova remnant with a youthful gamma-ray spectrum
• Contrastive Pessimistic Likelihood Estimation for Semi-Supervised Classification
• Self-confinement of low-energy cosmic rays around supernova remnants
• Biermann-battery driven magnetized collisionless shock precursors in laser produced plasmas
• Role of the radiative stage for cosmic ray acceleration in SNRs
• An embryo of protocell membrane: The capsule of graphene oxide
• Photon emission from weakly magnetized neutral pions
• Spectrally resolved cosmic rays: II -- Momentum-dependent cosmic ray diffusion drives powerful galactic winds
• Pair Production Detectors for Gamma-ray Astrophysics
• Gamma-ray emission toward supergiant shells in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Revisiting Disk Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei as an Origin of Cosmic Gamma-ray and Neutrino Backgrounds
• Fermi-LAT View on Three Ultra-high-energy 1LHAASO Sources in the $52^{\circ }<l<55^{\circ }$ Region
• A search for small and medium scale anisotropy of cosmic rays above 1 PeV registered at the Tunka-133 array
• Fermi LAT observation of VER J2019+407
• Gamma Ray Burst as Sources of Exotic Particles