Light Element Nucleosynthesis in a Molecular Cloud Interacting with a Supernova Remnant and the Origin of Beryllium-10 in the Protosolar Nebula

Abstract

The presence of short-lived radionuclides in the early solar system provides important information about the astrophysical environment in which the solar system formed. The discovery of now extinct ${}^{10}$Be in calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) with Fractionation and Unidentified Nuclear isotope anomalies (FUN-CAIs) suggests that a baseline concentration of ${}^{10}$Be in the early solar system was inherited from the protosolar molecular cloud. In this paper, we first show that the ${}^{10}$Be recorded in FUN-CAIs cannot have been produced in situ by cosmic-ray (CR) irradiation of the FUN-CAIs themselves. We then show that trapping of Galactic CRs (GCRs) in the collapsing presolar cloud core induced a negligible ${}^{10}$Be contamination of the protosolar nebula. Irradiation of the presolar molecular cloud by background GCRs produced a steady-state ${}^{10}$Be/${}^9$Be ratio ~2.3 times lower than the ratio recorded in FUN-CAIs, which suggests that the presolar cloud was irradiated by an additional source of CRs. Considering a detailed model for CR acceleration in a supernova remnant (SNR), we find that the ${}^{10}$Be abundance recorded in FUN-CAIs can be explained within two alternative scenarios: (i) the irradiation of a giant molecular cloud by CRs produced by >50 supernovae exploding in a superbubble of hot gas generated by a large star cluster of at least 20,000 members and (ii) the irradiation of the presolar molecular cloud by freshly accelerated CRs escaped from an isolated SNR at the end of the Sedov-Taylor phase. The second model naturally provides an explanation for the injection of other short-lived radionuclides of stellar origin into the cold presolar molecular cloud (${}^{26}$Al, ${}^{41}$Ca and ${}^{36}$Cl) and is in agreement with the solar system originating from the collapse of a molecular cloud shocked by a supernova blast wave.

21 pages (ApJ emulator style), 13 figures. Accepted to ApJ (in press)

References in corpus (50)

• The chemical composition of the Sun
• Young massive star clusters
• PAMELA Measurements of Cosmic-ray Proton and Helium Spectra
• Detection of the Characteristic Pion-Decay Signature in Supernova Remnants
• The Expulsion of Stellar Envelopes in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• New potentialities of the Liège intranuclear cascade (INCL) model for reactions induced by nucleons and light charged particles
• Star Formation Efficiencies and Lifetimes of Giant Molecular Clouds in the Milky Way
• A Wolf-Rayet-like progenitor of supernova SN 2013cu from spectral observations of a wind
• Evolution of interstellar dust and stardust in the solar neighbourhood
• Circumstellar Emission from Type Ib and Ic Supernovae
• Dissipation of Magnetohydrodynamic Waves on Energetic Particles: Impact on Interstellar Turbulence and Cosmic Ray Transport
• Galactic Cosmic Rays from Supernova Remnants (I) - a Cosmic Ray Composition controlled by Volatility and Mass-to-Charge Ratio
• Observational constraints on energetic particle diffusion in young SNRs: amplified magnetic field and maximum energy
• The mass function of young star clusters in spiral galaxies
• Stellar Activity on the Young Suns of Orion: COUP Observations of K5-7 Pre-Main Sequence Stars
• Abundance, distribution, and origin of 60Fe in the solar protoplanetary disk
• Fermi LAT Observations of the Supernova Remnant W28 (G6.4-0.1)
• Spectrum of Galactic Cosmic Rays Accelerated in Supernova Remnants
• Observational signatures of particle acceleration in supernova remnants
• Production and evolution of Li, Be and B isotopes in the Galaxy
• A perspective from extinct radionuclides on a Young Stellar Object: The Sun and its accretion disk
• Fermi-LAT Detection of the Young SuperNova Remnant Tycho
• Models for Galactic cosmic-ray propagation
• Solar system genealogy revealed by extinct short-lived radionuclides in meteorites
• The Irradiation Origin of Beryllium Radioisotopes and Other Short-lived Radionuclides
• The contribution of supernova remnants to the galactic cosmic ray spectrum
• Constraints on Type Ib/c and GRB Progenitors
• Cosmic-ray acceleration in supernova remnants: non-linear theory revised
• Fermi-LAT Discovery of GeV Gamma-ray Emission from the Vicinity of SNR W44
• Molecular Clouds as a Probe of Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in a Supernova Remnant
• Anisotropic CR diffusion and gamma-ray production close to supernova remnants, with an application to W28
• New estimates of the contribution of Wolf--Rayet stellar winds to the Galactic 26Al
• Nonthermal X-rays from low-energy cosmic rays: Application to the 6.4 keV line emission from the Arches cluster region
• The impact of accretion disk winds on the X-ray spectrum of AGN: Part 2 - XSCORT + Hydrodynamic Simulations
• 26Al in the Early Solar System: Not so Unusual After All
• Inheritance of solar short- and long-lived radionuclides from molecular clouds and the unexceptional nature of the solar system
• The Interaction of Cosmic Rays with Diffuse Clouds
• The production of short-lived radionuclides by new non-rotating and rotating Wolf-Rayet model stars
• Gamma-ray emission of accelerated particles escaping a supernova remnant in a molecular cloud
• Triggering Collapse of the Presolar Dense Cloud Core and Injecting Short-Lived Radioisotopes with a Shock Wave. I. Varied Shock Speeds
• Supernova Propagation And Cloud Enrichment: A new model for the origin of ${}^{60}$Fe in the early solar system
• A runaway Wolf-Rayet star as the origin of 26-Al in the early solar system
• Abundance of 26Al and 60Fe in evolving Giant Molecular Clouds
• Mixing of Clumpy Supernova Ejecta into Molecular Clouds
• p, He, and C to Fe cosmic-ray primary fluxes in diffusion models: Source and transport signatures on fluxes and ratios
• Short-lived radioactivity in the early Solar System: the Super-AGB star hypothesis
• Is 6-Li in metal-poor halo stars produced in situ by solar-like flares?
• Triggering Collapse of the Presolar Dense Cloud Core and Injecting Short-Lived Radioisotopes with a Shock Wave. II. Varied Shock Wave and Cloud Core Parameters
• Young Massive Clusters
• The evolution of the galaxy and the birth of the solar system: The short-lived nuclides connection

Cited by in corpus (9)

• Protostars: Forges of cosmic rays?
• Radioactive nuclei from cosmochronology to habitability
• Particle acceleration by supernova shocks and spallogenic nucleosynthesis of light elements
• Evidence from stable isotopes and Be-10 for solar system formation triggered by a low-mass supernova
• 1I/'Oumuamua as an N2 ice fragment of an exo-Pluto surface: I. size and compositional constraints
• On the Origin of the Early Solar System Radioactivities. Problems with the AGB and Massive Star Scenarios
• Icy Exomoons Evidenced by Spallogenic Nuclides in Polluted White Dwarfs
• Triggering Collapse of the Presolar Dense Cloud Core and Injecting Short-Lived Radioisotopes with a Shock Wave. IV. Effects of Rotational Axis Orientation
• The role of low-lying resonances for ${}^{10}$Be(p,$\alpha$) reaction rate and implications for the formation of the Solar System