Progress in high-energy cosmic ray physics

Abstract

We review some of the recent progress in our knowledge about high-energy cosmic rays, with an emphasis on the interpretation of the different observational results. We discuss the effects that are relevant to shape the cosmic ray spectrum and the explanations proposed to account for its features and for the observed changes in composition. The physics of air-showers is summarized and we also present the results obtained on the proton-air cross section and on the muon content of the showers. We discuss the cosmic ray propagation through magnetic fields, the effects of diffusion and of magnetic lensing, the cosmic ray interactions with background radiation fields and the production of secondary neutrinos and photons. We also consider the cosmic ray anisotropies, both at large and small angular scales, presenting the results obtained from the TeV up to the highest energies and discuss the models proposed to explain their origin.

48 pages, to appear in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics (2017)

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• The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory
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• First Observation of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Suppression
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• Depth of Maximum of Air-Shower Profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Measurements at Energies above 10^17.8 eV
• Combined fit of spectrum and composition data as measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory
• Depth of Maximum of Air-Shower Profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Composition Implications
• Deriving global structure of the Galactic Magnetic Field from Faraday Rotation Measures of extragalactic sources
• Proton and Helium Spectra from the CREAM-III Flight
• Measurement of the proton-air cross-section at $\sqrt{s}=57$ TeV with the Pierre Auger Observatory
• The Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum Observed with the Surface Detector of the Telescope Array Experiment
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• Anisotropy and Corotation of Galactic Cosmic Rays
• KASCADE-Grande measurements of energy spectra for elemental groups of cosmic rays
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• Searches for Anisotropies in the Arrival Directions of the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays Detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory
• Energy spectra of cosmic-ray nuclei at high energies
• Discovering Ultra High Energy Neutrinos by Horizontal and Upward tau Air-Showers: Evidences in Terrestrial Gamma Flashes?
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• Radio detection of Cosmic-Ray Air Showers and High-Energy Neutrinos
• Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Probes of Large Scale Structure and Magnetic Fields
• Spectrum of Galactic Cosmic Rays Accelerated in Supernova Remnants
• Resolving the Extragalactic $\gamma$-ray Background above 50 GeV with Fermi-LAT
• An improved limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high energy neutrinos from the Pierre Auger Observatory
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• Constraints on the VHE Emissivity of the Universe from the Diffuse GeV Gamma-Ray Background
• Performance of two Askaryan Radio Array stations and first results in the search for ultra-high energy neutrinos
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• Observation of Anisotropy in the Arrival Directions of Galactic Cosmic Rays at Multiple Angular Scales with IceCube
• Constraints on the Extremely High-Energy Cosmic Ray Accelerators from Classical Electrodynamics
• Observation of Cosmic Ray Anisotropy with the IceTop Air Shower Array
• Large-Scale Sidereal Anisotropy of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Intensity Observed by the Tibet Air Shower Array
• Extra-galactic magnetic fields and the second knee in the cosmic-ray spectrum
• Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays: The disappointing model
• Anisotropy in Cosmic-Ray Arrival Directions in the Southern Hemisphere with Six Years of Data from the IceCube Detector
• Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Measurement of atmospheric production depth
• Diffusive propagation of UHECR and the propagation theorem
• Local Magnetic Turbulence and TeV-PeV Cosmic Ray Anisotropies
• The toes of the ultra high energy cosmic ray spectrum
• The spatial energy spectrum of magnetic fields in our Galaxy
• Constraints on the origin of cosmic rays above $10^{18}$ eV from large scale anisotropy searches in data of the Pierre Auger Observatory
• A complete model of the CR spectrum and composition across the Galactic to Extragalactic transition
• Mapping deflections of extragalactic Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays in magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the Local Universe
• Radio galaxies of the local universe: all-sky catalog, luminosity functions, and clustering
• Energy Spectra of Elemental Groups of Cosmic Rays: Update on the KASCADE Unfolding Analysis
• Magnetic Fields in the Milky Way
• Physical conditions in potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays: Updated Hillas plot and radiation-loss constraints
• AIRES: A system for air shower simulations
• Search for First Harmonic Modulation in the Right Ascension Distribution of Cosmic Rays Detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory
• Lensing of ultra-high energy cosmic rays in turbulent magnetic fields
• Propagation of high-energy cosmic rays in extragalactic turbulent magnetic fields: resulting energy spectrum and composition
• Deciphering the Dipole Anisotropy of Galactic Cosmic Rays
• Diffusion and drift of cosmic rays in highly turbulent magnetic fields
• A Comprehensive Approach to Tau-Lepton Production by High-Energy Tau Neutrinos Propagating Through Earth
• Origin of Small-Scale Anisotropies in Galactic Cosmic Rays
• Observation of Small-scale Anisotropy in the Arrival Direction Distribution of TeV Cosmic Rays with HAWC
• Anisotropies of ultra-high energy cosmic rays diffusing from extragalactic sources
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• Diffusion of Cosmic Rays in Expanding Universe. (I)
• Anomalous Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays from Turbulent Magnetic Fields
• Centaurus A as a source of extragalactic cosmic rays with arrival energies well beyond the GZK cutoff
• Flavor Composition of UHE Neutrinos at Source and at Neutrino Telescopes
• On the ultra-high energy cosmic ray horizon
• Determination of the calorimetric energy in extensive air showers
• Cosmic ray spectrum and anisotropies from the knee to the second knee
• Magnetic diffusion effects on the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray spectrum and composition
• Large scale distribution of ultra high energy cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory with zenith angles up to 80${}^{\circ }$
• Atmospheric effects on extensive air showers observed with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
• PeV neutrinos from the propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays
• Large scale distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays detected above $10^{18}$ eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory
• Measurement of the Proton-Air Cross Section with Telescope Array's Middle Drum Detector and Surface Array in Hybrid Mode
• Upper limit on the flux of photons with energies above 10^19 eV using the Telescope Array surface detector
• The Compton-Getting effect on ultra-high energy cosmic rays of cosmological origin
• Anisotropies of ultra-high energy cosmic ray nuclei diffusing from extragalactic sources
• Constraints from Faraday rotation on the magnetic field structure in the Galactic halo
• No muon excess in extensive air showers at 100-500 PeV primary energy: EAS-MSU results
• Search for signatures of magnetically-induced alignment in the arrival directions measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory
• Turbulent diffusion and drift in galactic magnetic fields and the explanation of the knee in the cosmic ray spectrum
• Radio Galaxies Dominate the High-Energy Diffuse Gamma-Ray Background
• Source position reconstruction and constraints on the galactic magnetic field from ultra-high energy cosmic rays
• Status of High-Energy Neutrino Astronomy
• Measurement of Meson Resonance Production in ${\pi }^{-}+$C Interactions at SPS energies
• Effects of the galactic magnetic field upon large scale anisotropies of extragalactic Cosmic Rays
• Cosmic ray drift, the second knee and galactic anisotropies
• Angular distribution of cosmic rays from an individual source in a turbulent magnetic field
• On the chemical composition of cosmic rays of highest energy
• The shape of the extragalactic cosmic ray spectrum from Galaxy Clusters
• New estimation of the spectral index of high-energy cosmic rays as determined by the Compton-Getting anisotropy

Cited by in corpus (29)

• Long-Lived Particles at the Energy Frontier: The MATHUSLA Physics Case
• Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Pierre Auger Observatory
• IMAGINE: A comprehensive view of the interstellar medium, Galactic magnetic fields and cosmic rays
• Cosmic Ray Models
• Multi-Messenger Physics with the Pierre Auger Observatory
• Constraining models for the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with a novel combined analysis of arrival directions, spectrum, and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory
• Cosmic ray spectrum of protons plus helium nuclei between 6 TeV and 158 TeV from HAWC data
• Search for Large-scale Anisotropy on Arrival Directions of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays Observed with the Telescope Array Experiment
• Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy from Large Scale Structure and the effect of magnetic horizons
• Extragalactic cosmic rays diffusing from two populations of sources
• Askaryan radiation from neutrino-induced showers in ice
• A deep learning method for the trajectory reconstruction of cosmic rays with the DAMPE mission
• High-Energy Galactic Cosmic Rays (Astro2020 Science White Paper)
• Magnetic diffusion and interaction effects on Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays: protons and nuclei
• A scenario for the Galactic cosmic rays between the knee and the second-knee
• Mass Composition of UHECRs from $X_{\max }$ Distributions Recorded by the Pierre Auger and Telescope Array Observatories
• High-energy cosmic rays from compact galactic star clusters: particle fluxes and anisotropy
• Impact of QCD jets and heavy-quark production in cosmic-ray proton atmospheric showers up to 10${}^{20}$ eV
• Anisotropies of Diffusive Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays in $f(R)$ Gravity Theory
• Learning the Composition of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays
• Case for Centaurus A as the main source of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays
• Gamma-ray counterparts of 2WHSP high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac objects as possible signatures of ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray emission
• Probing new physics with high-multiplicity events: UHE neutrinos at air-shower detector arrays
• Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays: Anomalies, QCD, and LHC data
• Gravitational slingshots around black holes in a binary
• Reconstruction of air shower muon lateral distribution functions using integrator and binary modes of underground muon detectors
• Analysing Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays' Anisotropy in $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{R},\mathbf{T})$ Gravity Theory
• New Technologies for Discovery
• Explaining the UHECR spectrum, composition and large-scale anisotropies with radio galaxies