Clusters of galaxies : observational properties of the diffuse radio emission

Abstract

Clusters of galaxies, as the largest virialized systems in the Universe, are ideal laboratories to study the formation and evolution of cosmic structures...(abridged)... Most of the detailed knowledge of galaxy clusters has been obtained in recent years from the study of ICM through X-ray Astronomy. At the same time, radio observations have proved that the ICM is mixed with non-thermal components, i.e. highly relativistic particles and large-scale magnetic fields, detected through their synchrotron emission. The knowledge of the properties of these non-thermal ICM components has increased significantly, owing to sensitive radio images and to the development of theoretical models. Diffuse synchrotron radio emission in the central and peripheral cluster regions has been found in many clusters. Moreover large-scale magnetic fields appear to be present in all galaxy clusters, as derived from Rotation Measure (RM) studies. Non-thermal components are linked to the cluster X-ray properties, and to the cluster evolutionary stage, and are crucial for a comprehensive physical description of the intracluster medium. They play an important role in the cluster formation and evolution. We review here the observational properties of diffuse non-thermal sources detected in galaxy clusters: halos, relics and mini-halos. We discuss their classification and properties. We report published results up to date and obtain and discuss statistical properties. We present the properties of large-scale magnetic fields in clusters and in even larger structures: filaments connecting galaxy clusters. We summarize the current models of the origin of these cluster components, and outline the improvements that are expected in this area from future developments thanks to the new generation of radio telescopes.

Accepted for the publication in The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 58 pages, 26 figures

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• A Radio Relic and a Search for the Central Black Hole in the Abell 2261 Brightest Cluster Galaxy
• Features of collisionless turbulence in the intracluster medium from simulated Faraday Rotation maps
• The spectacular cluster chain Abell 781 as observed with LOFAR, GMRT, and XMM-Newton
• Covariant polarized radiative transfer on cosmological scales for investigating large-scale magnetic field structures
• LOFAR Detection of a Low-Power Radio Halo in the Galaxy Cluster Abell 990
• A giant thin stellar stream in the Coma Galaxy Cluster
• Magnetic diffusion and interaction effects on Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays: protons and nuclei
• Dynamics of Merging Galaxy Clusters from Simulated Analogs
• SPMHD simulations of Structure Formation
• New JVLA observations at 3 GHz and 5.5 GHz of the `Kite' radio source in Abell 2626
• AMI observations of ten CLASH galaxy clusters: SZ and X-ray data used together to determine cluster dynamical states
• Discovery of large-scale diffuse radio emission and of a new galaxy cluster in the surroundings of MACSJ0520.7-1328
• The puzzling merging cluster Abell 1914: new insights from the kinematics of member galaxies
• Evidence for strong intracluster magnetic fields in the early Universe
• Extended X-ray emission around FR II radio galaxies: hotspots, lobes and galaxy clusters
• Iron abundance distribution in the hot gas of merging galaxy clusters
• The MeSsI (Merging Systems Identification) Algorithm & Catalogue
• Search for GeV Gamma-Ray Emission from SPT-SZ selected Galaxy Clusters with 15 years of Fermi-LAT data
• MC^2: A deeper look at ZwCl 2341.1+0000 with Bayesian galaxy clustering and weak lensing analyses
• First detection at 5.5 and 9 GHz of the radio relics in bullet cluster with ATCA
• Search for low-frequency diffuse radio emission around a shock in the massive galaxy cluster MACS J0744.9+3927
• Rhapsody-C simulations -- Anisotropic thermal conduction, black hole physics, and the robustness of massive galaxy cluster scaling relations
• The structure of Abell 1351: a bimodal galaxy cluster with peculiar diffuse radio emission
• Contribution of Radio Halos to the Foreground for SKA EoR Experiments
• Magnetic fields in the outskirts of PSZ2 G096.88+24.18 from depolarization analysis of radio relics
• Chandra Observations of the Spectacular A3411-12 Merger Event
• On the Challenges of Cosmic-Ray Proton Shock Acceleration in the Intracluster Medium
• Discovery of a >13 Mpc long X-ray filament between two galaxy clusters beyond three times their virial radii
• A parallel & automatically tuned algorithm for multispectral image deconvolution
• Tracing low-mass galaxy clusters with radio relics: the discovery of Abell 3527-bis
• On the detection of multiple shock fronts in A1914 using deep Chandra X-ray observations
• uGMRT detection of cluster radio emission in low-mass Planck~SZ clusters
• Mining Mini-Halos with MeerKAT I. Calibration and Imaging
• Radio properties of ten nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies with signatures of luminous buried active galactic nuclei
• A Chandra Study of the Image Power Spectra of 41 Cool Core and Non-Cool Core Galaxy Clusters
• Multi-wavelength Observations of the Dissociative Merger in the Galaxy Cluster CIZA J0107.7+5408
• Magnetizing the Cosmic Web during Reionization
• A Minimal System Including Weak Sphalerons for Investigating the Evolution of Matter Asymmetries and Hypermagnetic Fields
• Propagation and Fluxes of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays in f(R) Gravity Theory
• Faraday Rotation Measure Dependence on Galaxy Clusters Dynamics
• The Galaxy Cluster 'Pypeline' for X-ray Temperature Maps: ClusterPyXT
• Passive spirals and shock influenced star formation in the merging cluster A3376
• Evolution of the cosmic matter density field with a primordial magnetic field
• Cosmic ray diffusion in magnetic fields amplified by nonlinear turbulent dynamo
• Probing the origin of diffuse radio emission in the cool-core of the Phoenix galaxy cluster
• Suzaku and Chandra observations of the galaxy cluster RXC J1053.7+5453 with a radio relic
• WEAVE First Light Observations: Origin and Dynamics of the Shock Front in Stephan's Quintet
• Discovery of a circularly symmetric extended diffuse radio emission around an elliptical galaxy with the VLA FIRST survey
• The Merger Dynamics of the Galaxy Cluster Abell 1775: New Insights from Chandra and XMM-Newton for a Cluster Simultaneously Hosting a WAT and a NAT Radio Sources
• Diffuse radio emission in the complex merging galaxy cluster Abell 2069
• Unveiling The Origin of Peculiar Diffuse Radio Emission in Abell 1351
• Puzzling large-scale polarization in the galaxy cluster Abell 523
• ClG 0217+70: A massive merging galaxy cluster with a large radio halo and relics
• A catalog of galaxy clusters identified from SCUSS, SDSS, and unWISE
• Simulations of imaging extended sources using the GMRT and the U-GMRT: Implications to observing strategies
• Revealing A Head-on Major Merger in the Nearby NGC 6338 Group with Chandra and VLA observations
• The NuSTAR and Chandra view of CL 0217+70 and Its Tell-Tale Radio Halo
• A low-frequency radio halo survey of the South Pole Telescope SZ-selected clusters with the GMRT
• ATCA observations of the MACS-Planck Radio Halo Cluster Project II. Radio observations of an intermediate redshift cluster sample
• Re-acceleration model for the `Sausage' Radio Relic
• Axion-like Particle Effects on Photon Polarization in High-Energy Astrophysics
• Sardinia Radio Telescope observations of the Coma Cluster
• Radio-relic and the diffuse emission trail discovered in a low mass galaxy cluster Abell 1697
• Discovery of the supernova remnant G351.0-5.4
• XMM-Newton Observations of the Southeastern Radio Relic in Abell 3667
• Anisotropies of Diffusive Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays in $f(R)$ Gravity Theory
• Excess in the High Frequency Radio Background: Insights from Planck
• Search for ultra high energy cosmic rays from radiogalaxy Virgo A
• MACS J0553.4-3342: A young merging galaxy cluster caught through the eyes of Chandra and HST
• ATCA 16 cm Observation of CIZA J1358.9-4750: Implication of Merger Stage and Constraint on Non-Thermal Properties
• Galaxy clusters as probes for cosmology and dark matter
• Diffuse radio source candidate in CIZA J1358.9-4750
• Optical circular polarization induced by axionlike particles in blazars
• X-ray observations of the merging cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301
• A horseshoe-shaped ring of diffuse emission detected at 1.4 GHz
• Discovery of ultra-steep spectrum giant radio galaxy with recurrent radio jet activity in Abell 449
• The MeerKAT Massive Distant Clusters Survey: A Radio Halo in a Massive Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.23
• The MeerKAT Massive Distant Clusters Survey: detection of diffuse radio emission in galaxy clusters at $z>1$
• Imaging results from the legacy GMRT Galaxy Cluster Key Project
• Properties of Polarized Synchrotron Emission from Fluctuation Dynamo Action -- II. Effects of Turbulence Driving in the ICM and Beam Smoothing
• Role of intracluster supernovae in radio mini-halos in galaxy clusters
• Peculiar Radio Structures in the Central Regions of Galaxy Cluster Abell 585
• Polarization of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect: relativistic imprint of thermal and non-thermal plasma
• Multi-object spectroscopy of CL1821+643: a dynamically relaxed cluster with a giant radio halo?
• Multi-frequency constraints on the non-thermal pressure in galaxy clusters
• Substructure analysis of the RXCJ0232.2-4420 galaxy cluster
• On the Efficiency of Thermal Conduction in Galaxy Clusters
• Polarization of Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal due to electron pressure anisotropy in galaxy clusters
• The Double Galaxy Cluster Abell 2465 III. X-ray and Weak-lensing Observations
• A pilot search for MeV gamma-ray emission from five galaxy clusters using archival COMPTEL data
• Active galactic nuclei through the prism of galaxy clusters: bounds on axion-like particles
• A Semi-Analytical Model for the Formation and Evolution of Radio Relics in Galaxy Clusters
• Spectral study of the diffuse synchrotron source in the galaxy cluster Abell 523
• Magnetogenesis from isocurvature initial conditions
• Effect of turbulent reacceleration on electrons produced by dark matter annihilation in the Coma cluster
• Sloshing and spiral structures breeding a putative radio mini-halo in the environment of a cool-core cluster Abell 795
• The role of Dark Matter annihilation in the radio emission of the galaxy cluster A520
• Case for Centaurus A as the main source of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays
• Jet interaction with galaxy cluster mergers
• A Pre-Merger Stage Galaxy Cluster: Abell 3733
• Propagation of weak shocks in cool-core galaxy clusters in two-temperature magnetohydrodynamics with anisotropic thermal conduction
• Magnetic Suppression of Cosmic Rays' Flux in $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{R})$ and $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{Q})$ Theories of Gravity
• Magnetic fields and extraordinarily bright radio emission in the X-ray faint galaxy group MRC 0116+111
• One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog
• The peculiar cluster MACS J0417.5-1154 in the C and X-bands
• Two merging galaxy clusters with very hot shock fronts observed shortly before pericentric passage
• Resolving the Merging Planck Cluster PLCK G147.3-16.6 with GISMO
• Cosmological Zoom-In Simulation of Odd Radio Circles as Merger-Driven Shocks in Galaxy Groups
• A rare case of FR I interaction with a hot X-ray bridge in the A2384 galaxy cluster
• Impact of a primordial magnetic field on cosmic microwave background $B$ modes with weak lensing
• Constraining the magnetic field in the galaxy cluster Abell 2142 using MeerKAT L-band polarisation data
• A radio-frequency WIMP search with the MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey
• A spectroscopic survey of Abell 1703: is it a rare relaxed cluster hosting a radio halo or a usual merging system?
• Non-thermal emission in galaxy groups at extremely low frequency: the case of A1213
• CHEX-MATE: New detections and properties of the radio diffuse emission in massive clusters with MeerKAT
• Optical/X-ray/radio view of Abell 1213: A galaxy cluster with anomalous diffuse radio emission
• An upper limit calculator (UL-CALC) for undetected extended sources with radio interferometers: radio halo upper limits
• Filaments in and between galaxy clusters at low and mid-frequency with the SKA telescope
• Magnetic reconnection: an alternative explanation of radio emission in galaxy clusters
• Strong Lensing Analysis of PLCK G004.5$-$19.5, a Planck-Discovered Cluster Hosting a Radio Relic at $z=0.52$
• VLBI Detection of an Active Radio Source Potentially Driving 100-kpc Scale Emission in the Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy IRAS F01004$-$2237
• Analysing Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays' Anisotropy in $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{R},\mathbf{T})$ Gravity Theory
• Relighting the fire in Hickson Compact Group (HCG) 15: magnetised fossil plasma revealed by the SKA Pathfinders & Precursors
• Radio observations of Planck clusters
• MeerKAT discovery of GHz radio emission extending from Abell 3017 toward Abell 3016
• A Stacked Analysis of GeV Gamma-Ray Emission from SPT-SZ Galaxy Clusters with 16 Years of Fermi-LAT Data
• Mapping Diffuse Radio Sources Using TUNA: A Transformer-Based Deep Learning Approach
• XMM-Newton study of six massive, X-ray luminous galaxy clusters systems in the redshift range z = 0.25 to 0.5
• Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the merging cluster of galaxies PLCK G036.7+14.9
• Constraints on axionlike particles from 16.5 years of Fermi-LAT data and prospects for VLAST
• Excess of diffuse gamma-ray emission detected from the galaxy cluster Abell 119 from 14-year Fermi-LAT Data
• Effect of the non-thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect on the temperature determination of galaxy clusters
• MOSS I: Double radio relics in the Saraswati supercluster
• Simulated differential observations of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect: Probing the Dark Ages and Epoch of Reionization
• Revisiting Galaxy Cluster Scaling Relations through Dark Matter-Gas Coherence: Scatter Dependence on Dynamical State
• Suzaku and Chandra Observations of CIZA J1700.8$-$3144, a Cluster of Galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance
• Reduced Gas Accretion onto Galaxies due to Effects of External Giant Radio Lobes
• Radio Halo Detection in MWA Data using Deep Neural Networks and Generative Data Augmentation
• The application of the adiabatic compression scenario to the radio relic in the galaxy cluster Abell 3411-3412
• uGMRT and MeerKAT observation of RXCJ0232-4420: a quiet cluster with a giant radio halo
• Modelling Giant Radio Halos
• Galaxy clusters in the LoTSS-DR3: Catalogues and detection pipeline for diffuse radio emission
• A LOFAR-uGMRT spectral index study of distant radio halos
• Ultra-high energy cosmic rays with UFA-15 source model in Bumblebee gravity theory
• Probing the low-energy spectrum of non-thermal electrons in galaxy clusters with soft gamma ray observations
• On the Origin of Diffuse Radio Emission in Abell 85 -- Insights from new GMRT Observations
• Observations of the galaxy cluster CL 0217+70 and its surrounding region at 1.4 GHz with the Sardinia Radio Telescope
• Evidence of sloshing-driven mini-halo formation in the cool-core cluster RXCJ1558.3-1410
• A new shock in the pre-merging cluster pair 1E2215-2216
• Constraints on dark matter annihilation and turbulent reacceleration set by high-frequency observations of the radio halo in the Coma cluster
• A MINOT-based Study of Gamma-ray emission from SPT-CL J2012-5649/Abell 3667
• The MeerKAT Massive Distant Clusters Survey: a search for diffuse radio emission in 30 massive SZ-selected clusters at $z>1$
• Modelling Cosmic Rays Flux with Pierre Auger and Telescope Array Data in $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{R})$ and $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{Q})$ Theories of Gravity