Hadronic Multiparticle Production at Ultra-High Energies and Extensive Air Showers

Abstract

Studies of the nature of cosmic ray particles at the highest energies are based on the measurement of extensive air showers. Most cosmic ray properties can therefore only be obtained from the interpretation of air shower data and are thus depending on predictions of hadronic interaction models at ultra-high energies. We discuss different scenarios of model extrapolations from accelerator data to air shower energies and investigate their impact on the corresponding air shower predictions. To explore the effect of different extrapolations by hadronic interaction models we developed an ad hoc model. This ad hoc model is based on the modification of the output of standard hadronic interaction event generators within the air shower simulation process and allows us to study the impact of changing interaction features on the air shower development. In a systematic study we demonstrate the resulting changes of important air shower observables and also discuss them in terms of the predictions of the Heitler model of air shower cascades. It is found that the results of our ad hoc modifications are, to a large extend, independent of the choice of the underlying hadronic interaction model.

submitted to PRD

References in corpus (11)

• One-dimensional Hybrid Approach to Extensive Air Shower Simulation
• New facts about muon production in Extended Air Shower simulations
• On the re-summation of enhanced Pomeron diagrams
• The Concepts of "Age" and "Universality" in Cosmic Ray Showers
• On the ultra-high energy cosmic ray horizon
• A Model-Independent Method of Determining Energy Scale and Muon Number in Cosmic Ray Surface Detectors
• Remnant Break-up and Muon Production in Cosmic Ray Air Showers
• Ultra-high Energy Predictions of proton-air Cross Sections from Accelerator Data
• Testing hadronic interaction packages at cosmic ray energies
• The elusive Innermost Stable Circular Orbit: Now you see it, now you don't
• Extended Air Shower Simulations Based on EPOS

Cited by in corpus (40)

• Depth of Maximum of Air-Shower Profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Measurements at Energies above 10^17.8 eV
• Measurement of the proton-air cross-section at $\sqrt{s}=57$ TeV with the Pierre Auger Observatory
• The Forward Physics Facility: Sites, Experiments, and Physics Potential
• A method for high precision reconstruction of air shower Xmax using two-dimensional radio intensity profiles
• The Muon Puzzle in cosmic-ray induced air showers and its connection to the Large Hadron Collider
• Evidence for a mixed mass composition at the `ankle' in the cosmic-ray spectrum
• Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
• Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays: The Intersection of the Cosmic and Energy Frontiers
• Event Generators for High-Energy Physics Experiments
• Progress in high-energy cosmic ray physics
• Probing the evolution of the EAS muon content in the atmosphere with KASCADE-Grande
• New complex EAS installation of the Tien Shan Mountain Cosmic Ray Station
• An explanation of the muon puzzle of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays and the role of the Forward Physics Facility for model improvement
• Density of GeV muons in air showers measured with IceTop
• Systematic uncertainties in air shower measurements from high-energy hadronic interaction models
• Testing Hadronic-Model Predictions of Depth of Maximum of Air-Shower Profiles and Ground-Particle Signals using Hybrid Data of the Pierre Auger Observatory
• Measurement of the Proton-Air Cross Section with Telescope Array's Black Rock Mesa and Long Ridge Fluorescence Detectors, and Surface Array in Hybrid Mode
• The very forward CASTOR calorimeter of the CMS experiment
• Constraining high energy interaction mechanisms by studying forward hadron production at the LHC
• High-Energy Galactic Cosmic Rays (Astro2020 Science White Paper)
• The rise of muon content in extensive air showers after the 3 PeV knee of the primary cosmic ray spectrum according to data of the Tien Shan mountain installation
• Modeling Strangeness Enhancements to resolve the Muon Excess in Cosmic Ray Extensive Air Shower Data
• Pythia 8 as hadronic interaction model in air shower simulations
• Neutrino Experiments at the Large Hadron Collider
• Introduction to Forward Physics and Cosmic Rays at ISMD 2010
• Road map for the tuning of hadronic interaction models with accelerator-based and astroparticle data
• Detecting LHC Neutrinos at Surface Level
• Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays: Anomalies, QCD, and LHC data
• Measurements of very-forward energy with the CASTOR calorimeter of CMS
• Modified Characteristics of Hadronic Interactions in Ultra-high-energy Cosmic-ray Showers
• A Study of Modified Characteristics of Hadronic Interactions
• Probing the ${\pi }^0$ spectrum at high-$x$ in proton-Air interactions at ultra-high energies
• The Puzzle of Muons in Extensive Air Showers
• Particle physics in cosmic rays
• The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC
• Proton-air interactions at ultra-high energies in muon-depleted air showers with different depths
• Ultra-high-energy hadronic physics at the Pierre Auger Observatory: muon measurements
• Explaining muon excess in cosmic rays using the gluon condensation model
• Calculation of rescaling factors and nuclear multiplication of muons in extensive air showers
• Modified hadronic interactions in 3-dimensional simulations