Transport-theoretical Description of Nuclear Reactions

Abstract

In this review we first outline the basics of transport theory and its recent generalization to off-shell transport. We then present in some detail the main ingredients of any transport method using in particular the Giessen Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (GiBUU) implementation of this theory as an example. We discuss the potentials used, the ground state initialization and the collision term, including the in-medium modifications of the latter. The central part of this review covers applications of GiBUU to a wide class of reactions, starting from pion-induced reactions over proton and antiproton reactions on nuclei to heavy-ion collisions (up to about 30 AGeV). A major part concerns also the description of photon-, electron- and neutrino-induced reactions (in the energy range from a few 100 MeV to a few 100 GeV). For this wide class of reactions GiBUU gives an excellent description with the same physics input and the same code being used. We argue that GiBUU is an indispensable tool for any investigation of nuclear reactions in which final-state interactions play a role. Studies of pion-nucleus interactions, nuclear fragmentation, heavy ion reactions, hyper nucleus formation, hadronization, color transparency, electron-nucleus collisions and neutrino-nucleus interactions are all possible applications of GiBUU and are discussed in this article.

173 pages, review article. v2: Text-rearrangements in sects. 2 and 3 (as accepted for publication in Physics Reports)

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• Mean charged multiplicities in charged-current neutrino scattering on hydrogen and deuterium
• First Measurement of Missing Energy Due to Nuclear Effects in Monoenergetic Neutrino Charged Current Interactions
• First simultaneous measurement of differential muon-neutrino charged-current cross sections on argon for final states with and without protons using MicroBooNE data
• One-body Langevin dynamics in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
• Exploring Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the GeV Regime using MINERvA
• Charged kaon production by coherent scattering of neutrinos and antineutrinos on nuclei
• Strangeness Production in low energy Heavy Ion Collisions via Hagedorn Resonances
• Measurements of hadron production in ${\pi }^{+}$ + C and ${\pi }^{+}$ + Be interactions at 60 GeV/$c$
• Tetrad formalism for exact cosmological observables
• EasyScan_HEP: a tool for connecting programs to scan the parameter space of physics models
• Inclusive Λ production in proton-proton collisions at 3.5 GeV
• Particle Production in AgAg Collisions at $E_{\mathrm{Kin}}=1.58A$ GeV within a Hadronic Transport Approach
• The relativistic quantum Boltzmann equation near equilibrium
• Collision integral with momentum-dependent potentials and its impact on pion production in heavy-ion collisions
• Flow and Equation of State of nuclear matter at ${\mathbf{E}}_{\mathrm{kin}}$/A=0.25-1.5 GeV with the SMASH transport approach
• First Measurement of the Charged Current ${\overline{\nu }}_{\mu }$ Double Differential Cross Section on a Water Target without Pions in the final state
• Effects of chiral symmetry restoration on meson and dilepton production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Diffusion matrix associated with the diffusion processes of multiple conserved charges in a hot and dense hadronic matter
• Production of fragments and hyperfragments in antiproton-nucleus collisions
• Hyperon Dynamics in Heavy-ion Collisions near threshold energy
• Extended parity doublet model with a new transport code
• Charged pion production from Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.4$ GeV in the Relativistic Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model
• Neutral Current Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering. Theory
• Effects of the momentum dependence of nuclear symmetry potential on pion observables in Sn + Sn collisions at 270 MeV/nucleon
• Effect of final state interactions on neutrino energy reconstruction at DUNE
• A Poincaré covariant cascade method for high-energy nuclear collisions
• Unified model of nucleon elastic form factors and implications for neutrino-oscillation experiments
• Dilepton production with the SMASH model
• Implementation of a relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation model into the NEUT event generator
• Simultaneous measurement of muon neutrino quasielastic-like cross sections on CH, C, water, Fe, and Pb as a function of muon kinematics at MINERvA
• Slow neutron production as a probe of hadron formation in high-energy ${\gamma }^{\ast }A$ reactions
• Observation of azimuth-dependent suppression of hadron pairs in electron scattering off nuclei
• Nuclear Effects and CP Sensitivity at DUNE
• Investigation of the MicroBooNE neutrino cross sections on Argon
• Effective spectral function of vector mesons via lifetime analysis
• Thermal, chemical and spectral equilibration in heavy-ion collisions
• Modelling Heavy Neutral Leptons in Accelerator Beamlines
• Medium effects in $\Lambda K^{+}$ pair production by 2.83 GeV protons on nuclei
• The Shear Viscosity to Entropy Density Ratio of Hagedorn States
• Benchmarking neutrino interaction models via a comparative analysis of kinematic imbalance measurements from the T2K, MicroBooNE and MINERvA experiments
• Double pion photoproduction off nuclei - are there effects beyond final-state interaction?
• Running axial mass of the nucleon as a phenomenological tool for calculating QE neutrino-nucleus cross sections
• Final-state interactions in neutrino-induced proton knockout from argon in MicroBooNE
• Hadron production experiments
• A substandard candle: the low-$\nu$ method at few-GeV neutrino energies
• Neural Network predictions of inclusive electron-nucleus cross sections
• Examining nuclear effects in neutrino interactions with transverse kinematic imbalance
• Dilepton production at SIS energies with the GiBUU transport model
• Angular distributions in Monte Carlo event generation of weak single-pion production
• Strangeness thermodynamic instabilities in hot and dense nuclear matter
• Measurements of the ${\nu }_{\mu }$ and ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }$-induced Coherent Charged Pion Production Cross Sections on ${}^{12}C$ by the T2K experiment
• Implementation and investigation of electron-nucleus scattering in the \textsc{NEUT} neutrino event generator
• First measurement of ${\nu }_e$ + ${\bar{\nu }}_e$ charged current single charged pion production differential cross sections on argon using the MicroBooNE detector
• First Detailed Calculation of Atmospheric Neutrino Foregrounds to the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background in Super-Kamiokande
• Monte Carlo event generation of neutrino-electron scattering
• RMF models with $\sigma$-scaled hadron masses and couplings for description of heavy-ion collisions below 2A GeV
• Anamorphic Quasiperiodic Universes in Modified and Einstein Gravity with Loop Quantum Gravity Corrections
• Multi-Strangeness Production in Hadron Induced Reactions
• Antihyperon potentials in nuclei via exclusive antiproton-nucleus reactions at FAIR
• Reaction plane correlated triangular flow in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3$ GeV
• Prospects of detecting cosmic ray up-scattered dark matter with DUNE
• Addendum: Muon-neutrino-induced charged current pion production
• Strangeness and hypernuclear production in fragmentation reactions induced by antikaons
• Review of opportunities at the HESR-Collider with PANDA at FAIR
• Global angular momentum generation in heavy-ion reactions within a hadronic transport approach
• In-medium changes of nucleon cross sections tested in neutrino-induced reactions
• Probing neutrino-nucleus interaction in DUNE and MicroBooNE
• Evolutions of in-medium baryon-baryon scattering cross sections and stiffness of dense nuclear matter from Bayesian analyses of FOPI proton flow excitation functions
• Neutrino nucleus Quasi-Elastic and resonant Neutral Current scatterings with Non-Standard Interactions
• Critical exponents and transport properties near the QCD critical endpoint from the statistical bootstrap model
• Hyperon dynamics and production of multi-strangeness hypernuclei in heavy-ion collisions at 3A GeV
• Neutron-proton differential transverse flow in ${}^{132}$Sn + ${}^{124}$Sn collisions at 270 MeV/nucleon
• In-medium effects on hypernuclear formation
• Nucleon Short-Range Correlations and High-Momentum Dynamics: Implications on the Equation of State of Dense Matter
• Spheroidal expansion and freeze-out geometry of heavy-ion collisions in the few-GeV energy regime
• Dilepton Decay of Low-mass $\rho$ Mesons
• NuHepMC: A standardized event record format for neutrino event generators
• Improving target neutron momentum reconstruction using MINER$\nu$A ${\pi }^0$ data
• First look at the PYTHIA8 hadronization program for neutrino interaction generators
• Measurement of three-dimensional inclusive muon-neutrino charged-current cross sections on argon with the MicroBooNE detector
• Nonequilibrium effects in hadronic fireball expansion
• Medium effects in antikaon-induced ${\Xi }^{-}$ hyperon production on nuclei near threshold
• Production of Light Nuclei in Heavy Ion Collisions via Hagedorn Resonances
• Many Facets of Strangeness Nuclear Physics with Stored Antiprotons
• Probing in-medium nucleon-nucleon inelastic scattering cross section by using energetic n/p ratio
• Nuclear fragmentation induced by low-energy antiprotons within a microscopic transport approach
• Comparison of Validation Methods of Simulations for Final State Interactions in Hadron Production Experiments
• Toward a foundation model for heavy-ion collision experiments based on point-cloud diffusion
• Calorimetric analysis for long-baseline neutrino experiments
• Unexpected neutron/proton ratio and isospin effect in low-energy antiproton induced reactions
• Data-driven model validation for neutrino-nucleus cross section measurements
• Optimal collision-energy range for realizing macroscopic high-baryon-density matter
• Dilepton Production in Transport Calculations and Coarse-Grained Dynamics
• High-density symmetry energy from subthreshold hyperon production in heavy-ion collisions
• Measurement of single charged pion production in charged-current ${\nu }_{\mu }$-Ar interactions with the MicroBooNE detector
• Neutral-current background induced by atmospheric neutrinos at large liquid-scintillator detectors: III. Comprehensive prediction for low energy neutrinos
• SMASH as an event generator for heavy-ion collisions
• Probing small neutron skin variations in isotope pairs by hyperon-antihyperon production in antiproton--nucleus interactions
• Summary of Long-Baseline Systematics Session at CETUP*2014
• Monopoles at Future Neutrino Detectors
• Measurement of charged-current muon neutrino-argon interactions without pions in the final state using the MicroBooNE detector
• Constraining neutron-proton effective mass splitting through nuclear giant dipole resonance within transport approach
• Implementation of the Martini-Ericson-Chanfray-Marteau RPA-based neutrino and antineutrino cross-section model in the GENIE neutrino event generator
• Exploring the neutron skin by hyperon-antihyperon production in antiproton-nucleus interactions
• Recent progress on superstrange dynamics
• Measurement of the A dependence of the muon neutrino charged-current quasielastic-like cross section as a function of muon and proton kinematics at $<$E${}_{\nu }>\sim$6 GeV
• Phase-space excluded-volume approach for light clusters in nuclear medium
• Probing of EoS with clusters and hypernuclei
• Study of neutrino-nucleus reactions with CRISP Program (0 < $E_{\nu }$ < 3 GeV)
• Letter of Intent: The Forward Physics Facility
• The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC
• Influence of cross-sectional uncertainty on sensitivity studies of DUNE and T2HK experiments
• Simulating low-energy neutrino interactions with MARLEY
• Status and Perspectives of Neutrino Physics
• Nucleon-$\Delta$ elastic cross section in isospin-asymmetric nuclear medium with inclusion of scalar-isovector $\delta$ meson field
• Extension of the integrated hydrokinetic model to nuclear collision energies relevant for the RHIC Beam-Energy Scan program and the research program at GSI-FAIR
• Dilepton Production in Transport-based Approaches
• Electromagnetic probes in heavy-ion collisions: Messengers from the hot and dense phase
• Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions at the LBNF Near Detector
• In-medium pion dispersion relation and medium correction of $N\pi \leftrightarrow \Delta$ near the threshold energy of pion production
• GiBUU based neutrino interaction simulations in KM3NeT
• Toward a Unified Understanding of the Dense Matter Equation of State
• Theory of QED radiative corrections to neutrino scattering at accelerator energies
• Space-time regions of high baryon density and baryon stopping in heavy-ion collisions
• Quark-Meson Coupling Model in Heavy-Ion Collision Simulations
• Monte Carlo study of KDAR ${\nu }_{\mu }$ charged-current scattering on carbon
• Measurement of the differential cross section for neutral pion production in charged-current muon neutrino interactions on argon with the MicroBooNE detector
• Neutrino Long-Baseline Experiments and Nuclear Physics
• Production and Interactions of Hyperons and Hypernuclei
• Transport Model Comparison Studies of Intermediate-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Model independent reconstruction of impact parameter distributions for intermediate energy heavy ion collisions
• Quasielastic Lepton-Nucleus Scattering and the Correlated Fermi Gas Model
• Study of pion production in ${\nu }_{\mu }$ interactions on ${}^{40}$Ar in DUNE using GENIE and NuWro event generators
• Covariant formulation of relativistic quantum molecular dynamics for a system of interacting wave packets
• Pion Production In ν μ Charged Current Interactions On {^{40}}ar In Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
• Proton spectral functions in finite nuclei based on the extended Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach
• Multicomponent Modified Boltzmann Equation and Thermalization
• Single pion-production and pion propagation in Achilles
• Impact of new results from the ultraperipheral collision on modeling the proton and neutron emission in photon-induced nuclear processes
• Improving Neutrino-Nuclei Interaction Models: Recommendations and Case Studies on Peelle's Pertinent Puzzle