Observation of a Strongly-Interacting Degenerate Fermi Gas of Atoms

Abstract

We report on the observation of a highly-degenerate, strongly-interacting Fermi gas of atoms. Fermionic ${}^6$Li atoms in an optical trap are evaporatively cooled to degeneracy using a magnetic field to induce strong, resonant interactions. Upon abruptly releasing the cloud from the trap, the gas is observed to expand rapidly in the transverse direction while remaining nearly stationary in the axial. We interpret the expansion dynamics in terms of collisionless superfluid and collisional hydrodynamics. For the data taken at the longest evaporation times, we find that collisional hydrodynamics does not provide a satisfactory explanation, while superfluidity is plausible.

5 pages. Version 2 corrected bibliography

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Cited by in corpus (607)

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• Fermionic bright soliton in a boson-fermion mixture
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• Realization of a Resonant Fermi Gas with a Large Effective Range
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• The ground state energy at unitarity
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• Cold dilute neutron matter on the lattice I: Lattice virial coefficients and large scattering lengths
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• Universality in Phase Transitions for Ultracold Fermionic Atoms
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• Two-component Fermi gas with a resonant interaction
• Efimov effect from functional renormalization
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• Energy spectrum of harmonically trapped two-component Fermi gases: Three- and Four-Particle Problem
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• Pairing of fermions in atomic traps and nuclei
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• Dynamical Selection in Emergent Fermionic Pairing
• The BCS-Bose Crossover Theory
• Resonance effects on the crossover of bosonic to fermionic superfluidity
• Shear viscosity and damping of collective modes in a two-dimensional Fermi gas
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• Universal four-component Fermi gas in one dimension
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• Efimov Trimer Formation via Ultracold Four-body Recombination
• Shortcuts to adiabaticity in Fermi gases
• Inelastic Collisions of a Fermi Gas in the BEC-BCS Crossover
• Entanglement induced interactions in binary mixtures
• Degenerate atom-molecule mixture in a cold Fermi gas
• Three fermions in a box at the unitary limit: universality in a lattice model
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• Cooling dynamics of ultracold two-species Fermi-Bose mixtures
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• Theory of the Normal/Superfluid interface in population imbalanced Fermi gases
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• Slow rotation of a superfluid trapped Fermi gas
• Vortex arrays in a rotating superfluid Fermi gas
• Zero sound in a single component fermion - Bose Einstein Condensate mixture
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• Viscosity spectral functions of the dilute Fermi gas in kinetic theory
• Absorption and emission of a collective excitation by a fermionic quasiparticle in a Fermi superfluid
• Cooper pairs as bosons
• Collective mode damping and viscosity in a 1D unitary Fermi gas
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• Optimal cooling strategies for magnetically trapped atomic Fermi-Bose mixtures
• Mean-Field vs Monte-Carlo equation of state for the expansion of a Fermi superfluid in the BCS-BEC crossover
• Auxiliary field formalism for dilute fermionic atom gases with tunable interactions
• Disorder-enhanced phase coherence in trapped bosons on optical lattices
• Phase Transition in Asymmetrical Superfluids I: Equal Fermi Surfaces
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• Dynamical formation of the unitary Bose gas
• All-optical production of ${}^6\text{Li}$ molecular BEC in excited hyperfine levels
• Large Chern Number Topological Superfluids in Coupled Layer System
• Bosonic characters of atomic Cooper pairs across resonance
• Magnetic Tuning of the Relativistic BCS-BEC Crossover
• Universal behavior of a trapped Fermi superfluid in the BCS-unitarity crossover
• BEC-BCS crossover of a trapped Fermi gas without using the local density approximation
• Free-fall expansion of finite-temperature Bose-Einstein condensed gas in the non Thomas-Fermi regime
• Harmonically confined long-ranged interacting gas in the presence of a hard wall
• Enhanced Pauli blocking of light scattering in a trapped Fermi gas
• Derivation of hydrodynamics for the gapless mode in the BEC-BCS crossover from the exact one-loop effective action
• Hydrodynamic Relaxation in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
• Mesoscopic dynamics of fermionic cold atoms ---Quantitative analysis of transport coefficients and relaxation times---
• Coexistence of superfluid gap and pseudogap in the BCS-BEC crossover regime of a trapped Fermi gas below $T_{\mathrm{c}}$
• Pressure inequalities for nuclear and neutron matter
• Dynamics of critical fluctuations: Theory -- phenomenology -- heavy-ion collisions
• Above threshold scattering about a Feshbach resonance for ultracold atoms in an optical collider
• Spin-Energy Correlation in Degenerate Weakly-Interacting Fermi Gases
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• Collective excitation branch in the continuum of pair-condensed Fermi gases : analytical study and scaling laws
• Collective flow of fermionic impurities immersed in a Bose-Einstein Condensate
• Hydrodynamic Modes in a Trapped Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases of Atoms
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• Analogy electromagnetism-acoustics: Validation and application to local impedance active control for sound absorption
• Magneto-optical Feshbach resonance: Controlling cold collision with quantum interference
• Realization of BEC-BCS crossover physics in a compact oven-loaded magneto-optic trap apparatus
• Transition to hydrodynamics in colliding fermion clouds
• Laser cooling of a trapped two-component Fermi gas
• Feshbach resonance described by the boson fermion coupling
• Pairing fluctuations in trapped Fermi gases
• On the viscosity to entropy density ratio for unitary Bose and Fermi Gases
• Superfluid Condensate Fraction and Pairing Wave Function of the Unitary Fermi Gas
• All-Optical Production of quantum degeneracy and molecular BEC of ${}^6$Li
• A simple mean field equation for condensates in the BEC-BCS crossover regime
• Degenerate fermionic matter at N${}^3$LO: Quantum Electrodynamics
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• Observation of Dynamical Super Efimovian Expansion in a Unitary Fermi Gas
• Shift of the molecular bound state threshold in dense ultracold Fermi gases with Feshbach resonance
• Spatial noise correlations of a chain of ultracold fermions - A numerical study
• Unitarity potentials and neutron matter at the unitary limit
• Non-Perturbative Dynamical Effects in Nearly Scale Invariant Systems: The Action of Breaking Scale Invariance
• Dressed-molecules in resonantly-interacting ultracold atomic Fermi gases
• Expansion of the strongly interacting superfluid Fermi gas: symmetries and self-similar regimes
• Medium effects and the shear viscosity of the dilute Fermi gas away from the conformal limit
• Second order fluid dynamics for the unitary Fermi gas from kinetic theory
• Long distance optical transport of ultracold atoms: A compact setup using a Moiré lens
• Holographic phonons by gauge-axion coupling
• Cold Fermi-gas with long range interaction in a harmonic trap
• Black soliton in a quasi-one-dimensional trapped fermion-fermion mixture
• The Letter "s" (and the sQGP)
• Two-component repulsive Fermi gases with population imbalance in elongated harmonic traps
• Far-Away-From-Equilibrium Quantum Critical Conformal Dynamics: Reversibility, Thermalization, and Hydrodynamics
• Kohn's theorem in a superfluid Fermi gas with a Feshbach resonance
• Quantum Atom Optics: Theory and Applications to Quantum Technology
• Bright solitons and soliton trains in a fermion-fermion mixture
• Holographic dual of Cold Trapped Fermions
• Fluid/gravity correspondence and the CFM black brane solutions
• Breakdown of the scale invariance in the vicinity of Tonks-Girardeau gas
• Second sound with ultracold atoms: A brief historical account
• Correlations in the low-density Fermi gas: Fermi-Liquid state, Dimerization, and BCS Pairing
• Fermionic superfluidity with positive scattering length
• Dimensional crossover for universal scaling far from equilibrium
• Vortex state in Bose-Fermi mixture with attraction between bosons and fermions
• Second order quantum phase transition of a homogeneous Bose gas with attractive interactions
• Probing Energy-Dependent Feshbach Resonances by Optical Control
• Ideal gas matching for thermal Galilean holography
• Realization of a high power optical trapping setup free from thermal lensing effects
• Elliptic flow of the dilute Fermi gas: From kinetics to hydrodynamics
• Elliptic flow in a strongly-interacting normal Bose gas
• Pair-excitation energetics of highly correlated many-body states
• Dipole oscillations of fermionic superfluids along the BEC-BCS crossover in disordered potentials
• Light scattering in Cooper-paired Fermi atoms
• Atomic Quantum Corrals for Bose-Einstein Condensates
• A new many-body wave function for BCS-BEC crossover in Fermi gases
• Dissipative Transport of Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates through Disorder
• Undamped nonequilibrium dynamics of a nondegenerate Bose gas in a 3D isotropic trap
• S-matrix approach to quantum gases in the unitary limit II: the three-dimensional case
• The entanglement spectrum and Rényi entropies of non-relativistic conformal fermions
• Bunching-antibunching crossover in harmonically trapped few-body Bose-Fermi mixtures
• Landau-Khalatnikov phonon damping in strongly interacting Fermi gases
• Transdimensional equivalence of universal constants for Fermi gases at unitarity
• Hamiltonian formulation for perfect fluid equations with the l-conformal Galilei symmetry
• On the specific heat of a fermionic atomic cloud in the unitary regime
• Effective Lagrangian of unitary Fermi gas from $\epsilon$ expansion
• Ladder resummation of spin 1/2 fermion many-body systems with arbitrary partial-wave content
• Dynamical properties of the unitary Fermi gas: collective modes and shock waves
• Oscillatory-like Expansion of a Fermionic Superfluid
• Formation of droplets of the order parameter and superconductivity in inhomogeneous Fermi-Bose mixtures (Brief review)
• Lattice gas models derived from effective field theory
• LOFF and breached pairing with cold atoms
• BCS-BEC Crossover and Stability in a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model with Diquark-Diquark Repulsion
• Endpoint thermodynamics of an atomic Fermi gas subject to a Feshbach resonance
• Condensation in ideal Fermi gases
• Axial collective excitations of a degenerate Fermi gas in the BEC to unitarity crossover
• Cold quantum gases: coherent quantum phenomena from Bose-Einstein condensation to BCS pairing of fermions
• Toward the theory of strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Universality and itinerant ferromagnetism in rotating strongly interacting Fermi gases
• Collisions and expansion of an ultracold dilute Fermi gas
• Pairing gaps in atomic gases at the BCS-BEC crossover
• Bulk viscosity and conformal symmetry breaking in the dilute Fermi gas near unitarity
• Breathing mode frequencies of a rotating Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover region
• Reconstructing the ideal results of a perturbed analog quantum simulator
• The Instanton Molecule Liquid and "Sticky Molasses" Above T_c
• Strong-coupling limit in cold-molecule formation via photoassociation or Feshbach resonance through Nikitin exponential resonance crossing
• One-dimensional hard-core anyon gas in a harmonic trap at finite temperature
• Droplet-Edge Operators in Nonrelativistic Conformal Field Theories
• Universal Density Shift Coefficients for the Thermal Conductivity and Shear Viscosity of a Unitary Fermi Gas
• Laser cooling all the way down to molecular condensate
• Four-Wave mixing in degenerate Fermi gases: Beyond the undepleted pump approximation
• Collective excitations of low density fermion-boson quantum-liquid mixtures
• Quantum Many-Body Calculations using Body-Centered Cubic Lattices
• Effective Thermal Physics in Holography: A Brief Review
• Dissipationless BCS Dynamics with Large Branch Imbalance
• Viscosity spectral function of a scale invariant non-relativistic fluid from holography
• Width and shift of Fano-Feshbach resonances for van der Waals interactions
• A self-injected, diode-pumped, solid-state ring laser for laser cooling of Li atoms
• Resonant Manipulation of d-wave Interaction of Cold Atoms with Two Lasers and a Magnetic Field
• Probing ultracold Fermi gases with light-induced gauge potentials
• Heat capacity of a two-component superfluid Fermi gas
• On the ground--state energy of finite Fermi systems
• Free expansion of a Bose-Einstein condensate at the presence of a thermal cloud
• Estimating the error of an analog quantum simulator by additional measurements
• Experimental realization of BCS-BEC crossover physics with a Fermi gas of atoms
• S-matrix approach to quantum gases in the unitary limit I: the two-dimensional case
• Solitonic Phase Transitions of Galilean Black Holes
• Density functional theory of the trapped Fermi gas in the unitary regime
• On the kinetic energy of unitary Fermi gas in a harmonic trap
• Magneto-optical trap performance for high-bandwidth applications
• Transition from supersonic to subsonic waves in superfluid Fermi gases
• Causality, universality, and effective field theory for van der Waals interactions
• Entanglement in Lifshitz Fermion Theories
• Numerical study of unitary fermions in one spatial dimension
• Many-body theories of density response for a strongly correlated Fermi gas
• Ultracold Fermion Cooling Cycle using Heteronuclear Feshbach Resonances
• Fermionic superfluidity: From high Tc superconductors to ultracold Fermi gases
• Three-body contact for fermions. I. General relations
• Effective field theory for one-dimensional nonrelativistic particles with contact interaction
• Development of an apparatus for cooling 6Li-87Rb Fermi-Bose mixtures in a light-assisted magnetic trap
• Signatures of macroscopic quantum coherence in ultracold dilute Fermi gases
• Dynamics of quantum quenching for BCS-BEC systems in the shallow BEC regime
• Phase slip in a superfluid Fermi gas near a Feshbach resonance
• Crossovers in Unitary Fermi Systems
• Distortion of a reduced equilibrium density matrix: influence on quantum emulation
• Quantum Effects at Low Energy Atom-Molecule Interface
• Unitary limit and linear scaling of neutrons in harmonic trap with tuned CD-Bonn and square-well interactions
• Dark solitons in the unitary Bose gas
• Finite temperature expansion dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates
• Feshbach Resonances and Limiting Thermodynamics of Strongly Correlated Nucleons
• Tan's universal contact and collective oscillations of strongly interacting Fermi gases
• Signatures of Superfluidity in Dilute Fermi Gases near a Feshbach Resonance
• Periodic dynamics of fermionic superfluids in the BCS regime
• Critical currents in the BEC/BCS crossover regime
• Cold atoms beyond atomic physics
• Dissipative superfluid hydrodynamics for the unitary Fermi gas
• Dipole-Mode Spectrum and Hydrodynamic Crossover in a Resonantly Interacting Two-Species Fermion Mixture
• Collective Oscillations of Bose-Einstein Condensates in a Synthetic Magnetic Field
• Superfluid-Normal Quantum Phase Transitions in an Imbalanced Fermi Gas
• Microscopic description of the twist mode in normal and superfluid trapped Fermi gases
• Phase Separation of a Fast Rotating Boson-Fermion Mixture in the Lowest-Landau-Level Regime
• Thermodynamic Properties of Universal Fermi Gases
• Relaxation of nonlinear oscillations in BCS superconductivity
• Spectroscopic Temperature Determination of Degenerate Fermi Gases
• Analytic models of ultra-cold atomic collisions at negative energies for application to confinement-induced resonances
• Ultra-cold Collisions between Spin-Orbit-Coupled Dipoles: General Formalism and Universality
• On the spin asymmetry of ground states in trapped two-component Fermi gases with repulsive interactions
• Unitary Fermi gas in the epsilon expansion
• Hole on a stripe in a spinless fermion model
• Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Ultracold Fermi Superfluids
• An Effective Series Expansion to the Equation of State of Unitary Fermi Gases
• Collective excitations in a fermion-fermion mixture with different Fermi surfaces
• Dissipative superfluids, from cold atoms to quark matter
• Clustering of Fermi particles with arbitrary spin
• Cooling a Fermi gas with three-body recombination near a narrow Feshbach resonance
• Random walk of a massive quasiparticle in the phonon gas of an ultralow temperature superfluid
• Two-state Bogoliubov theory of a molecular Bose gas
• A study of Feshbach resonances and the unitary limit in a model of strongly correlated nucleons
• Superfluidity and binary-correlations within clusters of fermions
• Bragg spectroscopy and pair-breaking-continuum mode in a superfluid Fermi gas
• Coupled-cluster theory of a gas of strongly-interacting fermions in the dilute limit
• Bogoliubov spectrum of a cigar shaped Fermi superfluid in an optical lattice at the BEC-BCS crossover
• Probing the critical exponent of superfluid fraction in a strongly interacting Fermi gas
• Effects of trap anisotropy on impurity scattering regime in a Fermi gas
• Phase Conjugation of a Quantum-Degenerate Atomic Fermi Beam
• Direct observation of Feshbach enhanced $s$-wave scattering of fermions
• High Temperature Superfluid and Feshbach Resonance
• Ab-initio Quantum Monte Carlo study of ultracold atomic mixtures
• Cold Atoms in Driven Optical Lattices
• Thermodynamic properties of ideal Bose gas trapped in different external power-law potentials under generalized uncertainty principle*
• Repulsive fermions and shell effects on the surface of a sphere
• Extreme dynamics and relaxation of quantum gases: A hydrodynamic approach
• Observation of Universal Expansion Anisotropy from Cold Atoms to Hot Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Finite temperature effects in light scattering off Cooper-paired Fermi atoms
• Characterizing Real-space Topology in Rice-Mele Model by Thermodynamics
• Theory of output coupling for trapped fermionic atoms
• Elliptic flow from Coulomb interaction and low density elastic scattering
• How many particles do make a fluid? Qualifying collective behavior in expanding ultracold gases
• Heisenberg Symmetry and Collective Modes of One Dimensional Unitary Correlated Fermions
• Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases: Hydrodynamics and Beyond
• A Fortran 90 program to solve the Hartree-Fock equations for interacting spin-1/2 Fermions confined in Harmonic potentials
• What can ultracold Fermi gases teach us about high $T_c$ superconductors and vice versa?
• Phase spreading and temporal coherence of a pair-condensed Fermi gas at low temperature
• Low Energy Continuum and Lattice Effective Field Theories
• Dilute Fermi gas: kinetic and interaction energies
• Critical scaling of the AC conductivity and momentum dissipation
• Instability of a trapped ultracold Fermi gas with attractive interactions : quantum effects
• Cavity-induced phase stability to decelerate a fast molecular beam via feedback-controlled time-varying optical pumps
• Small amplitude collective modes of a finite-size unitary Fermi gas in deformed traps
• Coherent oscillations in superconducting cold Fermi atoms and their applications
• Molecular regimes in ultracold Fermi gases