Discovery of microscopic electronic inhomogeneity in the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x

Abstract

The parent compounds of the copper oxide high-Tc superconductors are unusual insulators. Superconductivity arises when they are properly doped away from stoichiometry1. In Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x, superconductivity results from doping with excess oxygen atoms, which introduce positive charge carriers (holes) into the CuO2 planes, where superconductivity is believed to originate. The role of these oxygen dopants is not well understood, other than the fact that they provide charge carriers. However, it is not even clear how these charges distribute in the CuO2 planes. Accordingly, many models of high-Tc superconductors simply assume that the charge carriers introduced by doping distribute uniformly, leading to an electronically homogeneous system, as in ordinary metals. Here we report the observation of an electronic inhomogeneity in the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x using scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy. This inhomogeneity is manifested as spatial variations in both the local density of states spectrum and the superconducting energy gap. These variations are correlated spatially and vary on a surprisingly short length scale of ~ 14 Angs. Analysis suggests that the inhomogeneity observed is a consequence of proximity to a Mott insulator resulting in poor screening of the charge potentials associated with the oxygen ions left behind in the BiO plane after doping. Hence this experiment is a direct probe of the local nature of the superconducting state, which is not easily accessible by macroscopic measurements.

6 pages, 4 figures

References in corpus (11)

• Imaging the Effects of Individual Zinc Impurity Atoms on Superconductivity in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta
• Neutron Scattering from Magnetic Excitations in Bi_2 Sr_2 Ca_2 O_8+delta
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• Predominantly Superconducting Origin of Large Energy Gaps in Underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8-d from Tunneling Spectroscopy
• Quasiparticles in the superconducting state of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8
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• Doping Dependent Density of States and Pseudogap Behavior in La2-xSrxCuO4
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• Competition between Superconductivity and Charge Density Waves: the Role of Disorder
• From tunneling to photoemission: correlating two spaces
• Effects of inhomogeneities and thermal fluctuations on the spectral function of a model d-wave superconductor
• Effect of superconductivity on the shape of flat bands
• Resistivity Calculations for Cuprate Superconductor Systems using an Electronic Phase Separation
• Percolative Superconductivity in Electron-Doped Sr${}_{1-x}$Eu${}_x$CuO${}_{2+y}$ Films
• Quantitative characterization of the nanoscale local lattice strain induced by Sr dopants in La${}_{1.92}$Sr${}_{0.08}$CuO${}_4$
• Unconventional superconductivity in a strongly correlated band-insulator without doping
• Influence of impurities on electronic structure in cuprate superconductors
• Phase Diagram of the Attractive Hubbard Model with Inhomogeneous Interactions
• General pairing mechanisms in the BCS-theory of superconductivity
• Distinct Magnetic Phases in Structurally Uniform SrCoO${}_{3-y}$
• Fermi surface topology and impurity-induced resonance state in BiS${}_2$-based superconductors
• Quantum Interference of Impurity Bound States in Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$Ca(Cu${}_{1-x}$Zn${}_x$)${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$ Probed by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy
• Rebuttal to "Comment by V.M. Krasnov on 'Counterintuitive consequence of heating in strongly-driven intrinsic junctions of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d Mesas' "
• Extended strange metal regime from superconducting puddles
• Gutzwiller projection for exclusion of holes: Application to strongly correlated Ionic Hubbard Model and Binary Alloys
• Current dependent fluctuations in a Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CuO${}_{6+\delta }$ thin film
• Superconducting materials - a topical overview
• Effect of spatial inhomogeneity on the mapping between strongly interacting fermions and weakly interacting spins
• Probing the Phase Diagram of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d with Tunneling Spectroscopy
• Pair-breaking effects in the Pseudogap Regime: Application to High Temperature Superconductors
• Direct Observation of the Scale Relation between Density of States and Pairing Gap in a Dirty Superconductor
• Ising t-J model close to half filling: A Monte Carlo study
• Model for Tunneling-mediated Impurity Resonances in Bilayer Cuprate Superconductors
• Analyzing Intrinsic Superconducting Gap by Means of Measurement of Bi-2212 Superconductors
• Observation of electronic inhomogeneity and charge density wave in a bilayer La${}_{1.36}$Sr${}_{1.64}$Mn${}_2$O${}_7$ single crystal
• Tunneling spectroscopy of c-axis epitaxial cuprate junctions
• Single Junction and Intrinsic Josephson Junction Tunneling Spectroscopies of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d
• Disorder Induced Cluster Formation near First Order Phase Transitions in Electronic Systems: Importance of Long-Range Coulomb Interaction
• Diamagnetism, Nernst signal, and finite size effects in superconductors above the transition temperature
• Forestalled Phase Separation as the Precursor to Stripe Order
• Theory of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Tunnelling in Cuprate Superconductors
• Enhancement of superconductivity by electronic nematicity in cuprate superconductors
• Extinction of quasiparticle scattering interference in cuprate superconductors
• Electronic effect of doped oxygen atoms in Bi2201 superconductors determined by scanning tunneling microscopy
• Effective Hamiltonian based Monte Carlo for the BCS to BEC crossover in the attractive Hubbard model
• Charge Density Distributions in Doped Antiferromagnetic Insulators
• Resistance noise in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O${}_{8+\delta }$
• Renormalization of electrons in bilayer cuprate superconductors
• Coexistence of charged stripes and superconductivity in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d
• Doping and momentum dependence of coupling strength in cuprate superconductors
• Characteristic energy of the nematic-order state and its connection to enhancement of superconductivity in cuprate superconductors
• Quasiparticle scattering interference in cuprate superconductors
• Spin-wave excitations in presence of nanoclusters of magnetic impurities
• Temperature Dependent Polarized XANES Spectra for Zn-doped LSCO system
• Model for Vortex Pinning in a Two-Dimensional Inhomogeneous d-wave Superconductor
• Observation of room-temperature spontaneous phase segregation in overdoped Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O$_{8+x}
• Coulomb blockade and quantum tunnelling in the low-conductivity phase of granular metals
• Electron correlation and impurity-induced quasiparticle resonance states in cuprate superconductors
• Phase diagram of a d-wave superconductor with Anderson impurities
• Nuclear Spin Relaxation Rate of Disordered $p_x+i{p}_y$-wave Superconductors
• Common behavior of the scaled condensation energy for both high-$T_c$ and conventional superconductors
• Fluctuating order parameter in doped cuprate superconductors
• Pseudogap-induced asymmetric tunneling in cuprate superconductors
• Linear response function around a localized impurity in a superconductor
• How spectrum-wide quantum criticality protects surface states of topological superconductors from Anderson localization: Quantum Hall plateau transitions (almost) all the way down
• Noisy Branes
• Nature of c-axis coupling in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 with varying degrees of disorder
• Superconductivity in the "Hot Spots" Model of the Pseudogap State: Impurity Scattering and Phase Diagram
• Valence bond glass -- A unified theory of electronic disorder and pseudogap phenomena in high temperature superconductors
• Evolution with hole doping of the electronic excitation spectrum in the cuprate superconductors
• HTSC Cuprate Phase Diagram Using a Modified Boson-Fermion-Gossamer Model Describing Competing Orders, a Quantum Critical Point and Possible Resonance Complex
• Electron-phonon coupling in a two-dimensional inhomogeneous electron gas: consequences for surface spectral properties
• Pair correlations and the survival of superconductivity in and around a super-conducting impurity
• Zero temperature phase diagram of a d-wave superconductor with Anderson impurities
• Influence of the atomic-scale inhomogeneity of the pair interaction on extracted from the STM spectra characteristics of high-$T_c$ superconductors
• Anyon Bosonization of 2D Fermions and Single Boson Phase Diagram Implied from Experiment on Visualizing Pair Formation in Superconductor Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+δ}
• Spatial modulation of a unitary impurity-induced resonances in superconducting CeCoIn${}_5$
• Nanoscale Phenomenology from Visualizing Pair Formation Experiment
• Electronic inhomogeneities in the superconducting phase of CaFe1.96Ni0.04As2 single crystals
• Two-Dimensional Phase-Fluctuating Superconductivity in Bulk-Crystalline NdO${}_{0.5}$F${}_{0.5}$BiS${}_2$
• Phase-sensitive evidence for pair density waves in a kagome superconductor
• Superconductivity in Compositionally-Complex Cuprates with the YBa${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_{7-x}$ Structure
• Charge transport of Bi_{2-x}Pb_xSr_2ErCu_2O_8 single crystals near the insulator-superconductor transition
• Local spectroscopies across the superconductor-insulator transition
• Critical Current of a Granular d-wave superconductor
• Zero Energy States at a Normal--Cuprate-Superconductor Interface Probed by Shot Noise
• Low-Frequency Optical Conductivity in Inhomogeneous d-wave Superconductors
• Explanation of small I_cR_n values observed in inhomogeneous superconductors
• Far-infrared measurements of oxygen-doped polycrystalline La2CuO4.0315 superconductor under slow-cooled and fast-cooled conditions
• SET based experiments for HTSC materials: II
• Doping driven Small-to-Large Fermi surface transition and d-wave superconductivity in a two-dimenional Kondo lattice
• Effects of vortex and antivortex excitations in underdoped Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$Ca${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_{10+\delta }$ bulk single crystals
• Small Josephson current and product deduced by means of measurement for an inhomogeneous superconductor: Extension of the Ambegaokar - Baratoff theory
• Structures of Order Parameters in Inhomogeneous Phase States of Strongly Correlated Systems
• Incommensurability-induced sub-ballistic narrow-band-states in twisted bilayer graphene
• Near-field microwave imaging of inhomogeneous K${}_x$Fe${}_y$Se${}_2$: separation of topographic and electric features
• On the quantitative determination of hole-concentration in high-temperature cuprate superconductors
• Impurity Quantum Phase Transition in a Current-Carrying d-Wave Superconductor
• Robust $s_{\pm }$-wave superconductivity against multi-impurity in iron-based superconductors
• Introduction to High-Temperature Superconductivity for Solid State Chemists
• Signatures of superconducting gap inhomogeneities in optical properties
• Scaling behavior of superconductors
• Theory of Linear Magnetoresistance in a Strange Metal
• The Low-Temperature Phenomenology of Gap Inhomogeneity in the Cuprate Superconductors: High-Energy Granularity, Low-Energy Homogeneity, and Spectral Kinks
• Interplay between Superconductivity and Antiferromagnetism in a Multi-layered System
• Shallow core levels, or how to determine the doping and $T_c$ of Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$ and Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CuO${}_{6+\delta }$ without cooling
• Quantum Group Based Theory for Antiferromagnetism and Superconductivity: Proof and Further Evidence
• Inhomogeneous D-Wave Superconductivity and Antiferromagnetism in a Two-Dimensional Extended Hubbard Model with Nearest-Neighbor Attractive Interaction
• Equal contribution of even and odd frequency pairing to transport across normal metal-superconductor junctions
• Taking a step back and looking at the superconducting dome from a distance
• Crossover From Cooper-Pair Hopping to Single-Electron Hopping in Pb${}_x$(TiO${}_2$)${}_{1-x}$ Granular Films
• Ubiquitous antinodal quasiparticles and deviation from simple d-wave form in underdoped Bi-2212
• The Intermodulation Coefficient of an Inhomogeneous Superconductor
• Spin-Polarized Tunneling in Critically Disordered Be-Al Bilayers
• Finding and classifying an infinite number of cases of the marginal phase transition in one-dimensional Ising models
• Measurements and analysis of the upper critical field $H_{c2}$ on an underdoped and overdoped $L{a}_{2-x}S{r}_{x}Cu{O}_4$ compounds
• Intra pseudogap- and superconductivity-pair spin and charge fluctuations and underdome metal-insulator (fermion-boson)-crossover phenomena as keystones of cuprate physics
• Effects of domain walls on hole motion in the two-dimensional t-J model at finite temperature
• Enhanced charge density wave with mobile superconducting vortices in La${}_{1.885}$Sr${}_{0.115}$CuO${}_4$
• Echolocation by Quasiparticles
• Superfluid dome in the spatially modulated two-dimensional XY model
• Josephson scanning tunneling microscopy: A local and direct probe of the superconducting order parameter
• Hotspots in two-phase conducting media
• BCS-BEC crossover driven by small Fermi pockets of a high-Tc cuprate superconductor
• Exact summation of vertex corrections to the penetration depth in d-wave superconductors
• Realization of Air-Stable Two-Dimensional Superconductor Nb2Pd3Te5 With Quasi-One-Dimensional Pair Density Modulation
• Microwave conductivity due to impurity scattering in cuprate superconductors
• Metal-insulator (fermion-boson)-crossover origin of pseudogap phase of cuprates I: anomalous heat conductivity, insulator resistivity boundary, nonlinear entropy
• Intrinsic Mechanism for Magneto-Thermal Conductivity Oscillations in Spin-Orbit-Coupled Nodal Superconductors
• Theoretical high-$T_c$ d-wave superconducting gap in an inhomogeneous medium
• Normal state pair nematicity and hidden magnetic order and metal-insulator (fermion-boson)- crossover origin of pseudogap phase of cuprates II
• Incoherent tunneling and topological superconductivity in twisted cuprate bilayers
• Magnetoresistances observed by decomposition of the magnetic moment in La1-xCaxMnO3 films
• Phonon-assisted insulator-metal transitions in correlated systems driven by doping
• Boson features in STM spectra of cuprate superconductors: Weak-coupling phenomenology
• From charge transfer type insulator to superconductor