Far Infrared and Submillimeter Emission from Galactic and Extragalactic Photo-Dissociation Regions
arXiv:astro-ph/9907255 · doi:10.1086/308102
Abstract
Photodissociation Region (PDR) models are computed over a wide range of physical conditions, from those appropriate to giant molecular clouds illuminated by the interstellar radiation field to the conditions experienced by circumstellar disks very close to hot massive stars. These models use the most up-to-date values of atomic and molecular data, the most current chemical rate coefficients, and the newest grain photoelectric heating rates which include treatments of small grains and large molecules. In addition, we examine the effects of metallicity and cloud extinction on the predicted line intensities. Results are presented for PDR models with densities over the range n=10^1-10^7 cm^-3 and for incident far-ultraviolet radiation fields over the range G_0=10^-0.5-10^6.5, for metallicities Z=1 and 0.1 times the local Galactic value, and for a range of PDR cloud sizes. We present line strength and/or line ratio plots for a variety of useful PDR diagnostics: [C II] 158 micron, [O I] 63 and 145 micron, [C I] 370 and 609 micron, CO J=1-0, J=2-1, J=3-2, J=6-5 and J=15-14, as well as the strength of the far-infrared continuum. These plots will be useful for the interpretation of Galactic and extragalactic far infrared and submillimeter spectra observable with ISO, SOFIA, SWAS, FIRST and other orbital and suborbital platforms. As examples, we apply our results to ISO and ground based observations of M82, NGC 278, and the Large Magellenic Cloud.
54 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
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- High resolution spectral imaging of CO(7-6), [CI](2-1) and continuum of three high-z lensed dusty star-forming galaxies using ALMA
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- Regulating Star Formation in Nearby Dusty Galaxies: Low Photoelectric Efficiencies in the Most Compact Systems
- Stacked Average Far-Infrared Spectrum of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies from the Herschel/SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer
- The fine structure line deficit in S 140
- Imaging the environment of a z = 6.3 submillimeter galaxy with SCUBA-2
- The extremely sharp transition between molecular and ionized gas in the Horsehead nebula
- Molecular Lines of 13 Galactic Infrared Bubble Regions
- Evidence for Decay of Turbulence by MHD Shocks in Molecular Clouds via CO Emission
- Herschel/PACS far-IR spectral imaging of a jet from an intermediate mass protostar in the OMC-2 region
- Initial phases of high-mass star formation: A multiwavelength study towards the extended green object G12.42+0.50
- The Photon Dominated Region in the IC 348 molecular cloud
- An ACA Survey of [CI] , CO , and Dust Continuum in Nearby U/LIRG
- Temperatures of dust and gas in S~140
- Measuring the Heating and Cooling of the Interstellar Medium at High redshift: PAH and [C II] Observations of the Same Star Forming Galaxies at z~2
- The outflow of gas from the Centaurus A circumnuclear disk: atomic spectral line maps from Herschel-PACS and APEX
- Wheels of Fire IV. Star Formation and the Neutral Interstellar Medium in the Ring Galaxy AM0644-741
- Gas cooling within the diffuse ISM of late-type galaxies
- A hyper luminous starburst at z=4.72 magnified by a lensing galaxy pair at z=1.48
- Origin of hydrogen fluoride emission in the Orion Bar: An excellent tracer for CO-dark H2 gas clouds
- Spectrally resolved CII emission in M~33 ({\tt HerM33es}): Physical conditions and kinematics around BCLMP 691
- A Photodissociation Region study of NGC 4038
- Probing the baryon cycle of galaxies with SPICA mid- and far-infrared observations
- Mid-J CO Shock Tracing Observations of Infrared Dark Clouds III: SLED fitting
- Large Silicon Abundance in Photodissociation Regions
- First Detection of Submillimeter [C I] Emission in the Small Magellanic Cloud
- Herschel PACS and SPIRE spectroscopy of the Photodissociation Regions associated with S 106 and IRAS 23133+6050
- [C II] emission and star formation in late-type galaxies. II A model
- The multiphase starburst-driven galactic wind in NGC 5394
- Diagnosing the interstellar medium of galaxies with far-infrared emission lines I. The [C II] 158 microns line at z~0
- Breaking Orion's Veil bubble with fossil outflows
- Multi-Phase ISM in the z = 5.7 Hyperluminous Starburst SPT0346-52
- Velocity resolved [CII] spectroscopy of the center and the BCLMP302 region of M33 (HerM33es)
- Spectra from the shocked nebulae revealing turbulence near the Galactic Centre
- ISM conditions in z~0.2 Lyman-Break Analogs
- The structure of HI in galactic disks: Simulations vs observations
- The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample XI: Efficient Turbulence Driven Lyα Escape and the Analysis of IR, CO and [C II]158 μm
- Mid-J CO Emission From NGC 891: Microturbulent Molecular Shocks in Normal Star Forming Galaxies
- Catalogue of 12CO(J=1-0) and 13CO(J=1-0) Molecular Clouds in the Carina Flare Supershell
- The physical characteristics of the gas in the disk of Centaurus A using the Herschel Space Observatory
- Herschel Key Program, "Dust, Ice, and Gas In Time" (DIGIT): the origin of molecular and atomic emission in low-mass protostars in Taurus
- Constraints on the electron-to-proton mass ratio variation at the epoch of reionization
- Mid-J CO Shock Tracing Observations of Infrared Dark Clouds I
- Detection of molecular gas in an ALMA [CII]-identified Submillimetre Galaxy at z = 4.44
- Discovery of a [CI]-faint, CO-bright Galaxy: ALMA Observations of the Merging Galaxy NGC 6052
- CO(J=3-2) On-the-fly Mapping of the Nearby Spiral Galaxies NGC 628 and NGC 7793: Spatially-resolved CO(J=3-2) Star-formation Law
- Globules and pillars in Cygnus X III. Herschel and upGREAT/SOFIA far-infrared spectroscopy of the globule IRAS 20319+3958 inCygnus X
- CO Observations of the Interacting Galaxy Pair NGC 5394/95
- The warm CO gas along the UV-heated outflow cavity walls: a possible interpretation for the Herschel/PACS CO spectra of embedded YSOs
- Tracing back the evolution of the candidate LBV HD168625
- The Survey of Lines in M31 (SLIM): The Drivers of the [CII]/TIR Variation
- Gas and dust cooling along the major axis of M33 (HerM33es) -- Herschel/PACS [CII] and [OI] observations
- Probing the hidden atomic gas in Class I jets with SOFIA
- Sagittarius B1 -- A Patchwork of H II Regions and PhotoDissociation Regions
- Near-Infrared Molecular Hydrogen Emission from the Central Regions of Galaxies: Regulated Physical Conditions in the Interstellar Medium
- Heating and cooling of the neutral ISM in the NGC4736 circumnuclear ring
- Molecular tracers of radiative feedback in Orion (OMC-1). Widespread CH+ (J=1-0), CO (10-9), HCN (6-5), and HCO+ (6-5) emission
- The first frost in the Pipe Nebula
- Properties of Interstellar Medium In Infrared Bright QSOs Probed by [O I]63 micron and [C II]158 micron Emission Lines
- Photodissociation and the Morphology of HI in Galaxies
- Fine-structure transitions as a tool for studying variation of alpha at high redshifts
- Revisited cold gas content with atomic carbon [C I] in z=2.5 protocluster galaxies
- Star-formation rates of two GRB host galaxies at z~2 and a [CII] deficit observed with ALMA
- AST/RO Observations of CO J=4-3 Emission from the N44 Complex in the Large Magellanic Cloud
- CO, 13CO and [CI] in Galaxy Centers
- "Dust, Ice, and Gas In Time" (DIGIT) Herschel Observations of GSS30-IRS1 in Ophiuchus
- The Case for Thermalization as a Contributor to the [CII] Deficit
- The distribution of ionized, atomic and PDR gas around S1 in Rho Ophiuchus
- Extreme Star Formation
- Using CO line ratios to trace compressed areas in bubble N131
- Observational studies of pre-stellar cores and infrared dark clouds
- Herschel observations of the circumstellar environment of the two Herbig Be stars R Mon and PDS27
- Physical Conditions of the Gas in an ALMA [CII]-identified Submillimetre Galaxy at z = 4.44
- A PDR model for the FIR mid- CO ladder with universal rotational temperature in star forming region
- Ionised carbon and galaxy activity
- [CI] 492 GHz mapping toward Cas A
- Characterizing Spatial Variations of PAH Emission in the Reflection Nebula NGC 1333
- CI and CO in Nearby Spiral Galaxies -- I. Line Ratio and Abundance Variations at ~ 200 pc Scales
- Detection of the [O I] 63 m emission line from the quasar J2054-0005
- Applying a one-dimensional PDR model to the Taurus molecular cloud and its atomic envelope
- SOFIA-upGREAT imaging spectroscopy of the [C II] 158um fine structure line of the Sgr B region in the Galactic center
- Properties of the Molecular Clouds in NGC 205
- Observations of [OI]63micron line emission in main-sequence galaxies at z~1.5
- Quantifying the informativity of emission lines to infer physical conditions in giant molecular clouds. I. Application to model predictions
- Signatures of UV radiation in low-mass protostars I. Origin of HCN and CN emission in the Serpens Main region
- CO-Dark Star Formation and Black Hole Activity in 3C 368 at z = 1.131: Coeval Growth of Stellar and Supermassive Black Hole Masses
- ALMA Observations of the Molecular Gas in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC3557
- [CII] and CO Emission Along the Bar and Counter-Arms of NGC 7479
- Probing the cold and warm molecular gas in the Whirlpool Galaxy: Herschel SPIRE-FTS Observations of the central region of M51 (NGC 5194)
- Atomic Shocks in the Outflow of L1551 IRS 5 Identified with SOFIA-upGREAT Observations of [OI]
- VALES V: A kinematic analysis of the molecular gas content in -ATLAS galaxies at using ALMA
- On the collisional disalignment of dust grains in illuminated and shaded regions of IC 63
- High excitation ISM and gas
- A search for CI J=2--1 emission in IRAS F10214+4724
- Mapping Synthetic Observations to Prestellar Core Models: An Interpretable Machine Learning Approach
- The Physical Conditions in Starbursts Derived from Bayesian Fitting of Mid-IR SEDS: 30 Doradus as a Template
- Searching for converging flows of atomic gas onto a molecular cloud
- Herschel GASPS spectral observations of T Tauri stars in Taurus: unraveling far-infrared line emission from jets and discs
- Spitzer observations of a circumstellar nebula around the candidate Luminous Blue Variable MWC 930
- ALMA Observations for CO Emission from Luminous Lyman-break Galaxies at -
- Atomic Carbon [CI] Mapping of the Nearby Galaxy M83
- The Physical Characteristics of Interstellar Medium in NGC 3665 with Herschel Observations
- The interstellar medium in Andromeda's dwarf spheroidal galaxies: II. Multi-phase gas content and ISM conditions
- Determining the H+ Region/PDR Equation of State in Star Forming Regions
- High Resolution Observations of the Near-Infrared Emission from NGC 6822 Hubble V
- Ionized Carbon in Galaxies: The [C II] 158 m Line as a Total Molecular Gas Mass Tracer Revisited
- DESHIMA 2.0: Rapid redshift surveys and multi-line spectroscopy of dusty galaxies
- The Faintness of the 158 um [CII] Transition in the z=6.42 Quasar SDSS J1148+5251
- A Herschel mapping of [C ii], [O i] and [O iii] lines from the circumnuclear region of M31
- High Resolution Observations of HI in the IC 63 Reflection Nebula
- SuperCam, a 64-pixel heterodyne imaging array for the 870 micron atmospheric window
- M1-78: a nitrogen-rich Galactic compact HII region beyond the Perseus arm
- Molecular Cloud Matching in CO and Dust in M33 I. High-Resolution Hydrogen Column Density Maps from Herschel
- Signals of the cosmological reionization in the radio sky through C and O fine structure lines
- [CII] emission properties of the massive star-forming region RCW36 in a filamentary molecular cloud
- The origin and evolution of the [CII] deficit in HII regions and star-forming molecular clouds
- Full disc [CII] mapping of nearby star-forming galaxies: SOFIA FIFI/LS observations of NGC 3627, NGC 4321, and NGC 6946
- SOFIA FIFI-LS spectroscopy of DR21 Main: energetics of the spatially-resolved outflow from a high-mass protostar
- GalaxyGenius: Mock galaxy image generator for various telescopes from hydrodynamical simulations
- Gas in Protoplanetary Discs (GASPS) 1. First results
- A possible far-ultraviolet flux-dependent core mass function in NGC 6357
- Large Scale Wind Driven Structures in the Orion Nebula
- Ionized gas, molecules, and dust in Sh2-132
- [CII] emission and star formation in the spiral arms of M31
- The submillimeter C and CO lines in Henize 2-10 and NGC 253
- The influence of atomic alignment on absorption and emission spectroscopy
- Uncovering the MIR emission of quiescent galaxies with
- Properties of Interstellar Medium in the S0 Galaxy NGC 1222: Evidence for Shocked-enhanced Line Emission
- Weak, extended water vapor emission in the Horsehead nebula
- Star formation in M33 (HerM33es)
- The MALATANG survey: Dense gas distribution on sub-kiloparsec scales across the disk of M82
- Estimating the dense gas mass of molecular clouds using spatially unresolved 3 mm line observations
- Photoevaporation of Clumps in Photodissociation Regions
- Far-infrared line and dust emission from H II regions and photodissociation regions
- JWST observations of photodissociation regions III. Dust modelling at the illuminated edge of the Horsehead PDR
- A new view on the ISM of galaxies: far-infrared and submillimetre spectroscopy with Herschel
- Challenges and Techniques for Simulating Line Emission