Transience of hot dust around sun-like stars

Abstract

There is currently debate over whether the dust content of planetary systems is stochastically regenerated or originates in planetesimal belts evolving in steady state. In this paper a simple model for the steady state evolution of debris disks due to collisions is developed and confronted with the properties of the emerging population of 7 sun-like stars that have hot dust <10AU. The model shows there is a maximum possible disk mass at a given age, since more massive primordial disks process their mass faster. The corresponding maximum dust luminosity is f_max=0.00016r^(7/3)/t_age. The majority (4/7) of the hot disks exceed this limit by >1000 and so cannot be the products of massive asteroid belts, rather the following systems must be undergoing transient events characterized by an unusually high dust content near the star: eta Corvi, HD69830, HD72905 and BD+20307. It is also shown that the hot dust cannot originate in a recent collision in an asteroid belt, since there is also a maximum rate at which collisions of sufficient magnitude to reproduce a given dust luminosity can occur. Further it is shown that the planetesimal belt feeding the dust in these systems must be located further from the star than the dust, typically at >2AU. Other notable properties of the 4 hot dust systems are: two also have a planetesimal belt at >10AU (eta Corvi and HD72905); one has 3 Neptune mass planets at <1AU (HD69830); all exhibit strong silicate features in the mid-IR. We consider the most likely origin for the dust in these systems to be a dynamical instability which scattered planetesimals inwards from a more distant planetesimal belt in an event akin to the Late Heavy Bombardment in our own system, the dust being released from such planetesimals in collisions and possibly also sublimation.

16 pages, accepted by ApJ, removed HD128400 as hot dust candidate

References in corpus (30)

• Catastrophic disruptions revisited
• How Observations of Circumstellar Disk Asymmetries Can Reveal Hidden Planets: Pericenter Glow and its Application to the HR 4796 Disk
• An extrasolar planetary system with three Neptune-mass planets
• Spitzer IRS Spectroscopy of IRAS-Discovered Debris Disks
• Frequency of Debris Disks around Solar-Type Stars: First Results from a Spitzer/MIPS Survey
• Collisional Processes in Extrasolar Planetsimal Disks - Dust Clumps in Fomalhaut's Debris Disk
• On the Location of the Snow Line in a Protoplanetary Disk
• Age dependence of the Vega Phenomenon: Theory
• The Insignificance of P-R Drag in Detectable Extrasolar Planetesimal Belts
• An Excess Due to Small Grains Around The Nearby K0V Star HD69830: Asteroid or Cometary Debris?
• The Vega Debris Disk -- A Surprise from Spitzer
• Steady-State Size Distributions for Collisional Populations: Analytical Solution with Size-Dependent Strength
• Dusty Debris Around Solar-Type Stars: Temporal Disk Evolution
• Terrestrial Planet Formation I. The Transition from Oligarchic Growth to Chaotic Growth
• Chaos in the Solar System
• Exploring Terrestrial Planet Formation in the TW Hydrae Association
• Detecting the Dusty Debris of Terrestrial Planet Formation
• On the Nature of the Dust in the Debris Disk Around HD69830
• Dust Production from collisions in extrasolar planetary systems The inner Beta-Pictoris disc
• Origins of Solar System Dust Beyond Jupiter
• Dynamical models of Kuiper Belt dust in the inner and outer Solar System
• Sub-mm observations and modelling of Vega type stars
• The age dependence of the Vega phenomenon: Observations
• Dusty Rings: Signposts of Recent Planet Formation
• Accretion in the Early Outer Solar System
• Sub-millimeter images of a dusty Kuiper belt around eta Corvi
• Formation and structure of the three Neptune-mass planets system around HD69830
• IRS Spectra of Solar-Type Stars: \break A Search for Asteroid Belt Analogs
• An 850 micron survey for dust around solar mass stars
• The Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS): Discovery of an Unusual Debris System Associated with HD 12039

Cited by in corpus (230)

• Cometary Origin of the Zodiacal Cloud and Carbonaceous Micrometeorites
• Circumstellar Debris and Pollution at White Dwarf Stars
• Steady-state evolution of debris disks around A stars
• Pollution of single white dwarfs by accretion of many small asteroids
• Variations on Debris Disks: Icy Planet Formation at 30-150 AU for 1-3 Solar Mass Main Sequence Stars
• Probing for Exoplanets Hiding in Dusty Debris Disks: Disk Imaging, Characterization, and Exploration with HST/STIS Multi-Roll Coronagraphy
• Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS): Properties of Debris Dust around Solar-type Stars
• Long-Term Collisional Evolution of Debris Disks
• Debris Disks: Seeing Dust, Thinking of Planetesimals and Planets
• Asteroid Belts in Debris Disk Twins: VEGA and FOMALHAUT
• A 40 Myr Old Gaseous Circumstellar Disk at 49 Ceti: Massive CO-Rich Comet Clouds at Young A-Type Stars
• Eccentric Planets and Stellar Evolution as a Cause of Polluted White Dwarfs
• Debris disks as signposts of terrestrial planet formation
• Debris disk size distributions: steady state collisional evolution with P-R drag and other loss processes
• Abundant Circumstellar Silica Dust and SiO Gas Created by a Giant Hypervelocity Collision in the ~12 Myr HD172555 System
• Six White Dwarfs with Circumstellar Silicates
• Detection of exocometary CO within the 440 Myr-old Fomalhaut belt: a similar CO+CO${}_2$ ice abundance in exocomets and Solar System comets
• Herschel imaging of 61 Vir: implications for the prevalence of debris in low-mass planetary systems
• Debris from giant impacts between planetary embryos at large orbital radii
• The destruction of inner planetary systems during high-eccentricity migration of gas giants
• Do Two Temperature Debris Disks Have Multiple Belts?
• 99 Herculis: Host to a Circumbinary Polar-ring Debris Disk
• Analysis of the Herschel DEBRIS Sun-like star sample
• A near-infrared interferometric survey of debris disc stars. III. First statistics based on 42 stars observed with CHARA/FLUOR
• On the Nature of the Dust in the Debris Disk Around HD69830
• The History of the Solar System's Debris Disc: Observable Properties of the Kuiper Belt
• Debris disks as signposts of terrestrial planet formation. II Dependence of exoplanet architectures on giant planet and disk properties
• Structure and evolution of debris disks around F-type stars: I. Observations, database and basic evolutionary aspects
• Evolution of Mid-IR Excess Around Sun-like Stars: Constraints on Models of Terrestrial Planet Formation
• Will the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope detect extra-solar planetesimals entering the solar system?
• ALMA observations of the $\eta$ Corvi debris disc: inward scattering of CO-rich exocomets by a chain of 3-30 M${}_{\oplus }$ planets?
• The bright end of the exo-Zodi luminosity function: Disk evolution and implications for exo-Earth detectability
• Five steps in the evolution from protoplanetary to debris disk
• The Rise and Fall of Debris Disks: MIPS Observations of h and chi Persei and the Evolution of Mid-IR Emission from Planet Formation
• Debris Disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
• Scattering of small bodies by planets: a potential origin for exozodiacal dust ?
• A near-infrared interferometric survey of debris-disc stars. IV. An unbiased sample of 92 southern stars observed in H-band with VLTI/PIONIER
• Explorations Beyond the Snow Line: Spitzer/IRS Spectra of Debris Disks Around Solar-Type Stars
• Spitzer Evidence for a Late Heavy Bombardment and the Formation of Urelites in η Corvi at ~1 Gyr
• A circumbinary protoplanetary disc in a polar configuration
• Warm dust in the terrestrial planet zone of a sun-like Pleiad: collisions between planetary embryos?
• Are debris disks self-stirred?
• Circumstellar Dust Created by Terrestrial Planet Formation in HD 113766
• A gap in the planetesimal disc around HD 107146 and asymmetric warm dust emission revealed by ALMA
• Transient dust in warm debris disks - Detection of Fe-rich olivine grains
• Planetary engulfment as a trigger for white dwarf pollution
• A Comprehensive Census of Nearby Infrared Excess Stars
• Planetesimal driven migration as an explanation for observations of high levels of warm, exozodiacal dust
• A near-infrared interferometric survey of debris disk stars. I. Probing the hot dust content around epsilon Eridani and tau Ceti with CHARA/FLUOR
• Collisional Evolution of Irregular Satellite Swarms: Detectable Dust around Solar System and Extrasolar Planets
• A Self-Consistent Model of the Circumstellar Debris Created by a Giant Hypervelocity Impact in the HD172555 System
• Solution to the debris disc mass problem: planetesimals are born small?
• Variations on Debris Disks II. Icy Planet Formation as a Function of the Bulk Properties and Initial Sizes of Planetesimals
• Collisional Grooming Models of the Kuiper Belt Dust Cloud
• Dusty Disks around White Dwarfs I: Origin of Debris Disks
• Stirring in massive, young debris discs from spatially resolved Herschel images
• Planetary Collisions outside the Solar System: Time Domain Characterization of Extreme Debris Disks
• Collisional and Thermal Emission Models of Debris Disks: Towards Planetesimal Population Properties
• Coplanar Circumbinary Debris Disks
• An interferometric study of the Fomalhaut inner debris disk. III. Detailed models of the exozodiacal disk and its origin
• How to design a planetary system for different scattering outcomes: giant impact sweet spot, maximising exocomets, scattered disks
• The HOSTS survey - Exozodiacal dust measurements for 30 stars
• The short-lived production of exozodiacal dust in the aftermath of a dynamical instability in planetary systems
• The dust, planetesimals and planets of HD 38529
• A near-infrared interferometric survey of debris disc stars. II. CHARA/FLUOR observations of six early-type dwarfs
• Resolving the hot dust around HD69830 and eta Corvi with MIDI and VISIR
• From mean-motion resonances to scattered planets: Producing the Solar System, eccentric exoplanets and Late Heavy Bombardments
• Long-wavelength observations of debris discs around sun-like stars
• Resolved debris disk emission around eta Tel: a young Solar System or ongoing planet formation?
• The scattering of small bodies in planetary systems: constraints on the possible orbits of cometary material
• SMACK: A New Algorithm for Modeling Collisions and Dynamics of Planetesimals in Debris Disks
• The Debris Disk of Vega: A Steady-State Collisional Cascade, Naturally
• Spitzer observations of the Hyades: Circumstellar debris disks at 625 Myr of age
• Long-lived planetesimal discs
• LIDT-DD: A new self-consistent debris disc model including radiation pressure and coupling collisional and dynamical evolution
• Planetary embryos and planetesimals residing in thin debris disks
• Solar System Analogs Around IRAS-Discovered Debris Disks
• First-light LBT nulling interferometric observations: warm exozodiacal dust resolved within a few AU of eta Corvi
• Collisional evolution of eccentric planetesimal swarms
• Dust in the inner regions of debris disks around A stars
• Limits on the location of planetesimal formation in self-gravitating protostellar discs
• The Absence of Cold Dust and the Mineralogy and Origin of the Warm Dust Encircling BD +20 307
• Confusion limited surveys: using WISE to quantify the rarity of warm dust around Kepler stars
• Spatially Resolved Images of Dust Belt(s) Around the Planet-hosting Subgiant Kappa CrB
• Population synthesis of exocometary gas around A stars
• A Spitzer Study of Debris Disks In The Young Nearby Cluster NGC 2232: Icy Planets Are Common Around ~ 1.5--3 Solar-Mass Stars
• Inner mean-motion resonances with eccentric planets: A possible origin for exozodiacal dust clouds
• Resolution Dependence of Disruptive Collisions between Planetesimals in the Gravity Regime
• Herschel Observations of Debris Discs Orbiting Planet-hosting Subgiants
• A statistically significant lack of debris discs in medium separation binary systems
• Near-infrared emission from sublimating dust in collisionally active debris disks
• Dust Production and Depletion in Evolved Planetary Systems
• The nature of mid-infrared excesses from hot dust around Sun-like stars
• An Unbiased Survey of 500 Nearby Stars for Debris Disks: A JCMT Legacy Program
• Insights into the planetary dynamics of HD 206893 with ALMA
• Mass and Temperature of the TWA 7 Debris Disk
• Most white dwarfs with detectable dust discs show infrared variability
• ALMA Discovery of Dust Belts Around Proxima Centauri
• Planetesimals in Debris Disks of Sun-like Stars
• Extreme Debris Disk Variability -- Exploring the Diverse Outcomes of Large Asteroid Impacts During the Era of Terrestrial Planet Formation
• Debris Disc Constraints on Planetesimal Formation
• On the formation and evolution of asteroid belts and their potential significance for life
• A road-map to white dwarf pollution: Tidal disruption, eccentric grind-down, and dust accretion
• Warm exo-Zodi from cool exo-Kuiper belts: the significance of P-R drag and the inference of intervening planets
• An alternative origin for debris rings of planetesimals
• Mini-Oort clouds: Compact isotropic planetesimal clouds from planet-planet scattering
• Kuiper belt structure around nearby super-Earth host stars
• Warm Debris Disks Candidates in Transiting Planets Systems
• A $75\%$ Occurrence Rate of Debris Discs around F stars in the $\beta$ Pic Moving Group
• Signatures of massive collisions in debris discs
• Exocomets from a Solar System Perspective
• Does warm debris dust stem from asteroid belts?
• Insights into planet formation from debris disks: II. Giant impacts in extrasolar planetary systems
• Exo-zodi modelling for the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer
• Variations on Debris Disks III. Collisional Cascades and Giant Impacts in the Terrestrial Zones of Solar-type Stars
• Spatially resolved imaging of the two-component eta Crv debris disk with Herschel
• The Inner 25 AU Debris Distribution in the epsilon Eri System
• The Exceptionally Large Debris Disk around γOphiuchi
• The discovery of new warm debris disks around F-type stars
• Warm Dust around Cool Stars: Field M Dwarfs with WISE 12 or 22 Micron Excess Emission
• Constraining planetesimal stirring: how sharp are debris disc edges?
• A new sample of warm extreme debris disks from the ALLWISE catalog
• Silica-Rich Bright Debris Disk around HD 15407A
• AKARI/IRC 18 Micron Survey of Warm Debris Disks
• The first 40 million years of circumstellar disk evolution: the signature of terrestrial planet formation
• Scattering of exocomets by a planet chain: exozodi levels and the delivery of cometary material to inner planets
• Photoevaporation of Grain-Depleted Protoplanetary Disks around Intermediate-Mass Stars: Investigating Possibility of Gas-Rich Debris Disks as Protoplanetary Remnants
• Resolving the terrestrial planet forming regions of HD113766 and HD172555 with MIDI
• Multi-Epoch Observations of HD69830: High Resolution Spectroscopy and Limits to Variability
• Discovery of the Fomalhaut C debris disc
• The circumbinary disk of HD 98800 B: Evidence for disk warping
• Rocky Planet Formation: Quick and Neat
• Constraints on the structure of hot exozodiacal dust belts
• Extinction and the Dimming of KIC 8462852
• Collisions in a gas-rich white dwarf planetary debris disc
• Dust Populations in the Iconic Vega Planetary System Resolved by ALMA
• ALMA and Herschel Observations of the Prototype Dusty and Polluted White Dwarf G29-38
• The Transit Light Curve of an Exozodiacal Dust Cloud
• Dust size and spatial distributions in debris discs: predictions for exozodiacal dust dragged in from an exo-Kuiper belt
• Primordial or Secondary? Testing models of debris disk gas with ALMA
• Origin and evolution of two-component debris discs and an application to the q${}^1$ Eridani system
• An active asteroid belt causing the UX Ori phenomenon in RZ Psc
• Detection of scattered light from the hot dust in HD 172555
• Target Selection for the LBTI Exozodi Key Science Program
• No significant correlation between radial velocity planet presence and debris disc properties
• Capture and evolution of dust in planetary mean-motion resonances: a fast, semi-analytic method for generating resonantly trapped disk images
• Observability of Debris Discs around M-stars
• Herschel Observations of Dusty Debris Disks
• Gas trapping of hot dust around main-sequence stars
• Mid-infrared Studies of HD 113766 and HD 172555: Assessing Variability in the Terrestrial Zone of Young Exoplanetary Systems
• What Sets the Radial Locations of Warm Debris Disks?
• Kuiper Belt Analogues in Nearby M-type Planet-host Systems
• HD 98800: A most unusual debris disc
• The dynamical evolution of transiting planetary systems including a realistic collision prescription
• Age Aspects of Habitability
• Vertical evolution of exocometary gas: I. How vertical diffusion shortens the CO lifetime
• The evolution of planetesimal swarms in self-gravitating protoplanetary discs
• Searching for IR excesses in Sun-like stars observed by WISE
• Dynamical Simulations of the Planetary System HD69830
• Imaging an 80 AU Radius Dust Ring Around the F5V Star HD 157587
• The Inner Debris Structure in the Fomalhaut Planetary System
• Extrasolar Kuiper Belts
• Warm dusty discs: Exploring the A star 24um debris population
• Evolution from protoplanetary to debris discs: The transition disc around HD 166191
• Rapid Formation of Exoplanetesimals Revealed by White Dwarfs
• Oort cloud asteroids: Collisional evolution, the Nice Model, and the Grand Tack
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) II. The radial structure of debris discs
• Multiwavelength Vertical Structure in the AU Mic Debris Disk: Characterizing the Collisional Cascade
• The debris disk around gamma Doradus resolved with Herschel
• Dust Spreading in Debris Discs: Do Small Grains Cling on to Their Birth Environment?
• Debris discs in the 27 Myr old open cluster IC4665
• Dusty Planetary Systems
• Debris discs around nearby Solar analogues
• Diagnosing Circumstellar Debris Disks
• On the steady state collisional evolution of debris disks around M dwarfs
• Shaping HR8799's outer dust belt with an unseen planet
• Transient events in bright debris discs: Collisional avalanches revisited
• Impact of planetesimal eccentricities and material strength on the appearance of eccentric debris disks
• The Absence of Cold Dust around Warm Debris Disk Star HD 15407A
• Inner edges of planetesimal belts: collisionally eroded or truncated?
• Mid-infrared spectra of differentiated meteorites (achondrites): Comparison with astronomical observations of dust in protoplanetary and debris disks
• Hot debris dust around HD 106797
• Hot exozodis: cometary supply without trapping is unlikely to be the mechanism
• The Kuiper Belt and Other Debris Disks
• Debris Disks: Probing Planet Formation
• Circularizing Planet Nine through dynamical friction with an extended, cold planetesimal belt
• Dust discs around intermediate mass and Sun-like stars in the 16 Myr old NGC 1960 open cluster
• Studying the Evolution of Warm Dust Encircling BD +20 307 Using SOFIA
• Variations on Debris Disks IV. An Improved Analytical Model for Collisional Cascades
• Flybys in debris disk systems with Gaia eDR3
• Faint warm debris disks around nearby bright stars explored by AKARI and IRSF
• Estimating the mass of the debris disc in HD 69830
• Circumstellar discs: What will be next?
• Consequences of dynamically unstable moons in extrasolar systems
• A Herschel resolved debris disc around HD 105211
• Searching for Biosignatures in Exoplanetary Impact Ejecta
• Prevalance of Chaos in Planetary Systems Formed Through Embryo Accretion
• Probing Oort Cloud and Local Interstellar Medium Properties via Dust Produced in Cometary Collisions
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) IV: CO gas imaging and overview
• Detecting circumstellar disks around gravitational microlenses
• Collisional damping in debris discs: Only significant if collision velocities are low
• How much large dust could be present in hot exozodiacal dust systems?
• Mid-infrared time-domain study of recent dust production events in the extreme debris disc of TYC 4209-1322-1
• Collisional Cascade Caclulations for Irregular Satellite Swarms in Fomalhaut b
• Multi-wavelength, spatially resolved modelling of HD 48682's debris disc
• Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE). XIV. Finding terrestrial protoplanets in the galactic neighborhood
• Review and prospects of hot exozodiacal dust research for future exo-Earth direct imaging missions
• An ALMA 1.3 millimeter Search for Debris Disks around Solar-type Stars in the Pleiades
• Dust Accretion onto Exoplanets
• Planetary system architectures with low-mass inner planets: Direct imaging exploration of mature systems beyond 1 au
• Circumstellar Disk Evolution: Constraining Theories of Planet Formation
• Extra-Solar Kuiper Belt Dust Disks
• Isolating the extreme debris disc signature -- explorations of eccentric extreme debris discs formed by giant impacts
• Asteroids and life: How special is the solar system?
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS). X. Interpreting the peculiar dust rings around HD 131835
• Partial disruption of a planet around a white dwarf: the effect of perturbation from the remnant planet on the accretion
• Discovery of Volatile Gas in the Giant Impact Disk around the 150-Myr old HD 23514
• Takeout and Delivery: Erasing the Dusty Signature of Late-stage Terrestrial Planet Formation
• Abundant sub-micron grains revealed in newly discovered extreme debris discs
• Impact of hot exozodiacal dust on the polarimetric analysis of close-in exoplanets
• Glancing through the debris disk: Photometric analysis of DE Boo with CHEOPS
• A broken debris cascade as a possible source of hot dust emission in transitioning planet-forming disks
• Three new late-type stellar companions to very dusty WISE debris disks identified with VLT/SPHERE imaging
• Herschel/PACS photometry of transiting-planet host stars with candidate warm debris disks
• Dynamical Evolution of Planetary Systems
• On the Solar System-Debris Disk Connecction
• Study of the migration of Earth-like planets in planetesimal disks and the formation of debris disks
• Direct Imaging of Irregular Satellite Disks in Scattered Light
• Collisional parameters of planetesimal belts, precursor of debris disks, perturbed by a nearby giant planet
• Re-accretion of Giant Impact Ejecta Can Drive Significant Atmospheric Erosion on Terrestrial Planets