An extrasolar planetary system with three Neptune-mass planets

Abstract

Over the past two years, the search for low-mass extrasolar planets has led to the detection of seven so-called 'hot Neptunes' or 'super-Earths' around Sun-like stars. These planets have masses 5-20 times larger than the Earth and are mainly found on close-in orbits with periods of 2-15 days. Here we report a system of three Neptune-mass planets with periods of 8.67, 31.6 and 197 days, orbiting the nearby star HD 69830. This star was already known to show an infrared excess possibly caused by an asteroid belt within 1 AU (the Sun-Earth distance). Simulations show that the system is in a dynamically stable configuration. Theoretical calculations favour a mainly rocky composition for both inner planets, while the outer planet probably has a significant gaseous envelope surrounding its rocky/icy core; the outer planet orbits within the habitable zone of this star.

17 pages, 3 figures, preprint of the paper published in Nature on May 18, 2006

References in corpus (15)

• Disk Frequencies and Lifetimes in Young Clusters
• Towards a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation I: a Desert in the Mass and Semi Major Axis Distributions of Extra Solar Planets
• Spectroscopic [Fe/H] for 98 extra-solar planet-host stars: Exploring the probability of planet formation
• No planet for HD 166435
• Models of Giant Planet formation with migration and disc evolution
• Atmospheric Escape from Hot Jupiters
• The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets IX. A 1.3-day period brown dwarf disguised as a planet
• The HARPS survey for southern extra-solar planets II. A 14 Earth-masses exoplanet around mu Arae
• An Excess Due to Small Grains Around The Nearby K0V Star HD69830: Asteroid or Cometary Debris?
• A pair of planets around HD 202206 or a circumbinary planet?
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets V. A 14 Earth-masses planet orbiting HD 4308
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets I. HD330075 b: a new 'hot Jupiter'
• New Jupiter and Saturn formation models meet observations
• Asteroseismology of the planet-hosting star $\mu$ Arae. I. The acoustic spectrum
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. III. Three Saturn-mass planets around HD 93083, HD 101930 and HD 102117

Cited by in corpus (210)

• Mass-Radius Relationships for Solid Exoplanets
• Planet-disk interaction and orbital evolution
• The Occurrence and Mass Distribution of Close-in Super-Earths, Neptunes, and Jupiters
• Spectroscopic parameters for 451 stars in the HARPS GTO planet search program. Stellar [Fe/H] and the frequency of exo-Neptunes
• Chemical abundances of 1111 FGK stars from the HARPS GTO planet search program.Galactic stellar populations and planets
• Extrasolar planet population synthesis I: Method, formation tracks and mass-distance distribution
• Habitable planets around the star Gl 581?
• A laser frequency comb that enables radial velocity measurements with a precision of 1 cm s${}^{-1}$
• Spin-orbit angle measurements for six southern transiting planets; New insights into the dynamical origins of hot Jupiters
• HAT-P-11b: A Super-Neptune Planet Transiting a Bright K Star in the Kepler Field
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XVIII. An Earth-mass planet in the GJ 581 planetary system
• Tidal Evolution of Close-in Extra-Solar Planets
• The HARPS-TERRA project I. Description of the algorithms, performance and new measurements on a few remarkable stars observed by HARPS
• Ten New and Updated Multi-planet Systems, and a Survey of Exoplanetary Systems
• Debris disks in main sequence binary systems
• Structure and Evolution of Nearby Stars with Planets II. Physical Properties of ~1000 Cool Stars from the SPOCS Catalog
• Transience of hot dust around sun-like stars
• High-precision wavelength calibration of astronomical spectrographs with laser frequency combs
• A new list of thorium and argon spectral lines in the visible
• Detailed Models of super-Earths: How well can we infer bulk properties?
• Migration then assembly: Formation of Neptune mass planets inside 1 AU
• Debris disks around Sun-like stars
• The HARPS search for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone: I -- Very low-mass planets around HD20794, HD85512 and HD192310
• Planetary detection limits taking into account stellar noise. I. Observational strategies to reduce stellar oscillation and granulation effects
• Limits on Planetary Companions from Doppler Surveys of Nearby Stars
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. X. A m sin i = 11 Mearth planet around the nearby spotted M dwarf GJ 674
• Testing In Situ Assembly with the Kepler Planet Candidate Sample
• Inevitability of Plate Tectonics on Super-Earths
• The Atmospheric Signatures of Super-Earths: How to Distinguish Between Hydrogen-Rich and Hydrogen-Poor Atmospheres
• Three-dimensional simulations of multiple protoplanets embedded in a protostellar disc
• Radius and Structure models for the First Super-Earth Planet
• Observational Evidence for Tidal Destruction of Exoplanets
• Extrasolar planet population synthesis II: Statistical comparison with observation
• The Solar Twin Planet Search. I. Fundamental parameters of the stellar sample
• Measuring precise radial velocities on individual spectral lines. I. Validation of the method and application to mitigate stellar activity
• The Super Earth-Cold Jupiter Relations
• Debris Disks: Seeing Dust, Thinking of Planetesimals and Planets
• Tidal Heating of Extra-Solar Planets
• A Study of the Accuracy of Mass-Radius Relationships for Silicate-Rich and Ice-Rich Planets up to 100 Earth Masses
• Debris disc stirring by secular perturbations from giant planets
• High-resolution simulations of the final assembly of Earth-like planets 2: water delivery and planetary habitability
• Extrasolar planet population synthesis III. Formation of planets around stars of different masses
• The Collisional Evolution of Debris Disks
• Formation of Earth-like Planets During and After Giant Planet Migration
• Four New Exoplanets and Hints of Additional Substellar Companions to Exoplanet Host Stars
• Double-blind test program for astrometric planet detection with Gaia
• Global Models of Planet Formation and Evolution
• Herschel imaging of 61 Vir: implications for the prevalence of debris in low-mass planetary systems
• Extrasolar Giant Planets and X-ray Activity
• A Dynamical Analysis of the Kepler-80 System of Five Transiting Planets
• Accounting for velocity jitter in planet search surveys
• The NASA-UC Eta-Earth Program: I. A Super-Earth Orbiting HD 7924
• Characterization of Gravitational Microlensing Planetary Host Stars
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXVII. Up to seven planets orbiting HD 10180: probing the architecture of low-mass planetary systems
• Analysis of the Herschel DEBRIS Sun-like star sample
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. IX. mu Ara, a system with four planets
• A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXX. Planetary systems around stars with solar-like magnetic cycles and short-term activity variation
• On the Nature of the Dust in the Debris Disk Around HD69830
• DARWIN - A Mission to Detect, and Search for Life on, Extrasolar Planets
• Mass constraints on substellar companion candidates from the re-reduced Hipparcos intermediate astrometric data: Nine confirmed planets and two confirmed brown dwarfs
• XUV exposed non-hydrostatic hydrogen-rich upper atmospheres of terrestrial planets. Part I: Atmospheric expansion and thermal escape
• A Keck HIRES Doppler Search for Planets Orbiting Metal-Poor Dwarfs. II. On the Frequency of Giant Planets in the Metal-Poor Regime
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XVII. Super-Earth and Neptune-mass planets in multiple planet systems HD47186 and HD181433
• Could we identify hot Ocean-Planets with CoRoT, Kepler and Doppler velocimetry?
• A Search for Multi-Planet Systems Using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
• The NASA-UC Eta-Earth Program: III. A Super-Earth orbiting HD 97658 and a Neptune-mass planet orbiting Gl 785
• Explorations Beyond the Snow Line: Spitzer/IRS Spectra of Debris Disks Around Solar-Type Stars
• On the formation of hot Neptunes and super-Earths
• HD45364, a pair of planets in a 3:2 mean motion resonance
• Long-Period Objects in the Extrasolar Planetary Systems 47 UMa and 14 Her
• Warm dust in the terrestrial planet zone of a sun-like Pleiad: collisions between planetary embryos?
• Three's Company: An additional non-transiting super-Earth in the bright HD 3167 system, and masses for all three planets
• Planetary Formation Scenarios Revistied: Core-Accretion Versus Disk Instability
• A Versatile Technique to Enable sub-milli-Kelvin Instrument Stability for Precise Radial Velocity Measurements: Tests with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder
• The HARPS search for southern extrasolar planets XXV. Results from the metal-poor sample
• Evidence for 9 planets in the HD 10180 system
• Predicting Photometric and Spectroscopic Signatures of Rings around Transiting Extrasolar Planets
• The SEEDS Direct Imaging Survey for Planets and Scattered Dust Emission in Debris Disk Systems
• Transient dust in warm debris disks - Detection of Fe-rich olivine grains
• Does the presence of planets affect the frequency and properties of extrasolar Kuiper Belts? Results from the Herschel DEBRIS and DUNES surveys
• A Comprehensive Census of Nearby Infrared Excess Stars
• Radial Velocity Data Analysis with Compressed Sensing Techniques
• Far-Ultraviolet Activity Levels of F, G, K, and M dwarf Exoplanet Host Stars
• Formation and structure of the three Neptune-mass planets system around HD69830
• The HARPS search for southern extrasolar planets. XXV. Four new planets in orbit around the moderatly active dwarfs HD 63765, HD 104067, HD 125595, and HIP 70849
• On the formation of compact planetary systems via concurrent core accretion and migration
• The Monitor project: Searching for occultations in young open clusters
• A new Neptune-mass planet orbiting HD 219828
• Formation and Detectability of Terrestrial Planets Around Alpha Centauri B
• The planet search programme at the ESO CES and HARPS. IV. The search for Jupiter analogues around solar-like stars
• Optimal Survey Strategies and Predicted Planet Yields for the Korean Microlensing Telescope Network
• Locating the planetesimals belts in the multiple-planet systems HD 128311, HD 202206, HD 82943 and HR 8799
• The full spectral radiative properties of Proxima Centauri
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXXVI. Eight HARPS multi-planet systems hosting 20 super-Earth and Neptune-mass companions
• Three Super-Earths Orbiting HD 7924
• Mid-infrared resolution of a 3 AU-radius debris disk around Zeta Leporis
• A Double Planetary System around the Evolved Intermediate-Mass Star HD 4732
• Predicting the Yields of Photometric Surveys for Transiting Extrasolar Planets
• Resolving the hot dust around HD69830 and eta Corvi with MIDI and VISIR
• On the protection of extrasolar Earth-like planets around K/M stars against galactic cosmic rays
• The NASA-UC Eta-Earth Program: II. A Planet Orbiting HD 156668 with a Minimum Mass of Four Earth Masses
• New Worlds on the Horizon: Earth-Sized Planets Close to Other Stars
• Resolved debris disk emission around eta Tel: a young Solar System or ongoing planet formation?
• Obliquity evolution of extrasolar terrestrial planets
• Correlations between the stellar, planetary and debris components of exoplanet systems observed by $\text{Herschel}$
• Evaluating the stability of atmospheric lines with HARPS
• Radial Velocities with CRIRES: Pushing precision down to 5-10 m/s
• A Posteriori Transit Probabilities
• Planet populations inferred from debris discs: insights from 178 debris systems in the ISPY, LEECH and LIStEN planet-hunting surveys
• High-spatial-resolution imaging of thermal emission from debris disks
• On the extrasolar multi-planet system around HD160691
• Bias and robustness of eccentricity estimates from radial velocity data
• Tests of In-Situ Formation Scenarios for Compact Multiplanet Systems
• Bulk composition of the transiting hot Neptune around GJ 436
• Rotation periods of exoplanet host stars
• Detection of a Third Planet in the HD 74156 System Using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
• The Secular Evolution and Dynamical Architecture of the Neptunian Triplet Planetary System HD 69830
• A Neptune-mass Planet Orbiting the Nearby G Dwarf HD16417
• Collisional evolution of eccentric planetesimal swarms
• The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A Saturn-Mass Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M4V Star HIP 57050
• The HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N@TNG II. Data treatment and simulations
• Astrophysical Insights into Radial Velocity Jitter from an Analysis of 600 Planet-search Stars
• A Spitzer IRS Study of Debris Disks Around Planet-Host Stars
• The Posterior Distribution of sin(i) for Exoplanets with M_T sin(i) Determined from Radial Velocity Data
• The Absence of Cold Dust and the Mineralogy and Origin of the Warm Dust Encircling BD +20 307
• Confusion limited surveys: using WISE to quantify the rarity of warm dust around Kepler stars
• Deep MMT Transit Survey of the Open Cluster M37 IV: Limit on the Fraction of Stars With Planets as Small as 0.3 R_J
• The nature of mid-infrared excesses from hot dust around Sun-like stars
• Behavior of Apsidal Orientations in Planetary Systems
• Stabilizing a Fabry-Perot etalon to 3 cm/s for spectrograph calibration
• Planet Formation: Statistics of spin rates and obliquities of extrasolar planets
• On the equilibrium rotation of Earth-like extra-solar planets
• The infrared colors of the Sun
• A Mass Function Constraint on Extrasolar Giant Planet Evaporation Rates
• On the Possible Properties of Small and Cold Extrasolar Planets: Is OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb Entirely Frozen?
• On the Emergent Spectra of Hot Protoplanet Collision Afterglows
• A secular theory of coplanar, non-resonant planetary system
• Models of Neptune-Mass Exoplanets: Emergent Fluxes and Albedos
• A new wavelength calibration for echelle spectrographs using Fabry-Perot etalons
• Warm Debris Disks Candidates in Transiting Planets Systems
• An upper boundary in the mass-metallicity plane of exo-Neptunes
• Improving exoplanet detection capabilities with the false inclusion probability. Comparison with other detection criteria in the context of radial velocities
• Insights into planet formation from debris disks: II. Giant impacts in extrasolar planetary systems
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. IX. Exoplanets orbiting HD 100777, HD 190647, and HD 221287
• Toward detection of terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of our closest neighbor: Proxima Centauri
• \emph{In-situ} determination of astro-comb calibrator lines to better than 10 cm s${}^{-1}$
• Formation and Detection of Earth Mass Planets around Low Mass Stars
• Liquid Water Oceans in Ice Giants
• Doppler Constraints on Planetary Companions to Nearby Sun-like Stars: An Archival Radial Velocity Survey of Southern Targets for Proposed NASA Direct Imaging Missions
• A new cold sub-Saturnian candidate planet orbiting GJ 221
• On fitting planetary systems in counter-revolving configurations
• Precision and consistency of astrocombs
• Proxima Centauri b is not a transiting exoplanet
• Spectroscopic metallicities of Vega-like stars
• Peculiar architectures for the WASP-53 and WASP-81 planet-hosting systems
• Estimating the masses of extra-solar planets
• Multi-Epoch Observations of HD69830: High Resolution Spectroscopy and Limits to Variability
• New wavelength calibration of the HARPS spectrograph
• Frame-dragging and the kinematics of Galactic-Center stars
• Spin evolution of Earth-sized exoplanets, including atmospheric tides and core-mantle friction
• Testing whether a signal is strictly periodic. Application to disentangling planets and stellar activity in radial velocities
• The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets. II. A multi-planet system around HD9446
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XII. A giant planet orbiting the metal-poor star HD171028
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XX. Planets around the active star BD-08:2823
• A Third Planet Orbiting HIP 14810
• Limits on additional planetary companions to OGLE-2005-BLG-390L
• Laser frequency comb techniques for precise astronomical spectroscopy
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets: XXVIII. Two giant planets around M0 dwarfs
• Testing the Stability of the Fine Structure Constant in the Laboratory
• High precision radial velocities with GIANO spectra
• On the Search For Transits of the Planets Orbiting Gl 876
• Dynamical Simulations of the Planetary System HD69830
• Atmospheric constraints for the CO2 partial pressure on terrestrial planets near the outer edge of the habitable zone
• Measuring and characterizing the line profile of HARPS with a laser frequency comb
• Very Low-Mass Stellar and Substellar Companions to Solar-like Stars From MARVELS VI: A Giant Planet and a Brown Dwarf Candidate in a Close Binary System HD 87646
• Dusty Planetary Systems
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXIV. Companions to HD 85390, HD 90156 and HD 103197: A Neptune analogue and two intermediate mass planets
• Mid-IR observations of circumstellar disks -- Part III: A mixed sample of PMS stars and Vega-type objects
• Detection and Characterization of Extrasolar Planets through Doppler Spectroscopy
• A model-independent test of spatial variations of the Newtonian gravitational constant in some extrasolar planetary systems
• Stellar Parameters for HD 69830, a Nearby Star with Three Neptune Mass Planets and an Asteroid Belt
• On the Fundamental Mass-Period Functions of Extrasolar Planets
• Secular Behavior of Exoplanets: Self-Consistency and Comparisons with the Planet-Planet Scattering Hypothesis
• Below One Earth Mass: The Detection, Formation, and Properties of Subterrestrial Worlds
• Astrophysics in 2006
• Estimating the mass of the debris disc in HD 69830
• Atmospheric studies of habitability in the Gliese 581 system
• The Earth transiting the Sun as seen from Jupiter's moons: detection of an inverse Rossiter-McLaughlin effect produced by the Opposition Surge of the icy Europa
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XLVII. Five Jupiter-mass planets in long-period orbits, one highly irradiated Neptune, one brown dwarf, and five stellar binaries
• A Survey of Multiple Planet Systems
• ExoplANNET: A deep learning algorithm to detect and identify planetary signals in radial velocity data
• An impact-free mechanism to deliver water to terrestrial planets and exoplanets
• Millimagnitude Photometry for Transiting Extrasolar Planetary Candidates IV: The Puzzle of the Extremely Red OGLE-TR-82 Primary Solved
• Stellar activity and magnetic shielding
• Data Reduction Pipeline of the TOU Optical Very High Resolution Spectrograph and Its sub-m/s Performance
• Planetary system architectures with low-mass inner planets: Direct imaging exploration of mature systems beyond 1 au
• Circumstellar Disk Evolution: Constraining Theories of Planet Formation
• Null transit detections of 68 radial velocity exoplanets observed by TESS
• A continuous multiple hypothesis testing framework for optimal exoplanet detection
• A Hermite-Gaussian Based Radial Velocity Estimation Method
• Three new late-type stellar companions to very dusty WISE debris disks identified with VLT/SPHERE imaging
• Extrasolar Planet Interactions
• The California Legacy Survey I. A Catalog of 178 Planets from Precision Radial Velocity Monitoring of 719 Nearby Stars over Three Decades
• On the Solar System-Debris Disk Connecction
• A Mid-Infrared Search for Substellar Companions of Nearby Planet-Host Stars
• SPORES-HWO. II. Companion Mass Limits and Updated Planet Properties for 120 Future Exoplanet Imaging Targets from 35 yr of Precise Doppler Monitoring
• The California Legacy Survey III. On The Shoulders of (Some) Giants: The Relationship between Inner Small Planets and Outer Massive Planets
• Habitable Zones for Earth-mass Planets in Multiple Planetary Systems
• Complete determination of the orbital parameters of a system with N+1 bodies using a simple Fourier analysis of the data