3D Lyman-alpha radiation transfer. I. Understanding Lyman-alpha line profile morphologies

Abstract

Using a Monte Carlo technique, we have developed a 3D lyman-alpha radiation transfer code allowing for prescribed arbitrary hydrogen density, ionisation, temperature structures, and dust distribution, and arbitrary velocity fields and UV photon sources. We have examined the lyman-alpha line profiles predicted for several simple geometrical configurations and their dependence on the main input parameters. Overall, we find line profiles reaching from doubly peaked symmetric emission to symmetric Voigt (absorption) in static configurations with increasing dust content, and asymmetric red-(blue-) shifted emission lines with a blue (red) counterpart ranging from absorption to emission (with increasing line/continuum strength) in expanding (infalling) media. The following results are of interest for the interpretation of lya profiles from galaxies. 1/ Standard lya absorption line fitting of global spectra of galaxies may lead to an underestimate of the true hydrogen column density in certain geometrical conditions. 2/ Normal (inverted) P-Cygni like lya profiles can be obtained in expanding (infalling) media from objects without any intrinsic lya emission, as a natural consequence of radiation transfer effects. 3/ The formation and the detailed shape of lya profiles resulting from expanding shells has been thoroughly revised: for sufficiently large column densities, the position of the main lya emission peak is redshifted by twice the expansion velocity.This is in excellent agreement with the observations of z~3 LBGs. This finding indicates also that large scale, fairly symmetric shell structures must be a good description for the outflows in LBGs.(shortened abstract)

20 pages, 20 figures, accepted to A&A

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• ZELDA: fitting Lyman-alpha line profiles using deep learning
• Nebular and global properties of the gravitationally lensed galaxy "the 8 o'clock arc"
• Extended and Filamentary Lyman Alpha Emission from the Formation of a Protogalactic Halo at z=2.63
• Pinpointing the Molecular Gas within a Lyman Alpha Blob at z ~ 2.7
• Extended Ly$\alpha$ emission around quasars with eclipsing damped Ly$\alpha$ systems
• Effects of Spatial Discretization in Lyman-alpha Line Radiation Transfer Simulations
• A Multiwavelength Study of ELAN Environments (AMUSE${}^2$). Mass budget, satellites spin alignment and gas infall in a massive $z\sim 3$ quasar host halo
• Extended Lyman-alpha emission from a high-z DLA at z=3.115
• The UV-continuum properties of Ly alpha selected galaxies at z=6.5
• A new model framework for circumgalactic Ly$\alpha$ radiative transfer constrained by galaxy-Ly$\alpha$ forest clustering
• Sub-kiloparsec Imaging of Lyman-alpha Emission in a Low Mass, Highly Ionized, Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy at z = 1.84
• Mapping the Morphology and Kinematics of a Lyman-alpha-selected Nebula at z=3.15 with MUSE
• The dominant origin of diffuse Ly$\alpha$ halos around LAEs explored by SED fitting and clustering analysis
• Radiative Transfer in Lyα Nebulae: I. Modeling a Continuous or Clumpy Spherical Halo with a Central Source
• Dissecting the complex environment of a distant quasar with MUSE
• Anatomy of an ionized bubble: NIRCam grism spectroscopy of the $z=6.6$ double-peaked Lyman-$\alpha$ emitter COLA1 and its environment
• Mapping the "invisible" circumgalactic medium around a z $\sim$ 4.5 radio galaxy with MUSE
• Lyman continuum leakage in faint star-forming galaxies at redshift z=3-3.5 probed by gamma-ray bursts
• Faint Resonantly Scattered Lyman Alpha Emission from the Absorption Troughs of Damped Lyman Alpha Systems at z ~ 3
• The HETDEX Survey: The Ly$\alpha$ Escape Fraction from 3D-HST Emission Line Galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• Where Outflows Meet Inflows: Gas Kinematics in SSA22 Lyman-$\alpha$ Blob 2 Decoded by Advanced Radiative Transfer Modelling
• Distinctive 21 cm structures of the first stars, galaxies, and quasars
• Space Debris -- Optical Measurements
• Starburst galaxies
• Strongly Time-Variable Ultra-Violet Metal Line Emission from the Circum-Galactic Medium of High-Redshift Galaxies
• [OIII] Emission and Gas Kinematics in a Lyman-alpha Blob at z ~ 3.1
• A double-peaked Lyman-$\alpha$ emitter with a strong blue peak multiply imaged by the galaxy cluster RXC J0018.5+1626
• Lyα Halos around [O III]-Selected Galaxies in HETDEX
• A Correlation Between Lyα Spectral Line Profile and Rest-Frame UV Morphology
• LESSER: A Catalogue of Spectroscopically selected sample of Lyman-$\alpha$ Emitters Lensed By Galaxies
• Early Results from GLASS-JWST XXIII: The transmission of Lyman-alpha from UV-faint z ~ 3-6 galaxies
• Median Surface Brightness Profiles of Lyman-$\alpha$ Haloes in the MUSE Extremely Deep Field
• Ly-alpha Radiative Transfer: A Stokes Vector Approach to Ly-alpha Polarization
• Smoothed Particle Radiation Hydrodynamics: Two-Moment method with Local Eddington Tensor Closure
• MUSEQuBES: The relation between Ly$\alpha$ emitters and C IV absorbers at $z\approx 3.3$
• MUSE-inspired view of the quasar Q2059-360, its Lyman alpha blob, and its neighborhood
• 3D tomography of the giant Ly$\alpha$ nebulae of $z$$\approx$3--5 radio-loud AGN
• The Ly$\alpha$ emission from high-$z$ galaxies hosting strong Damped Ly$\alpha$ systems
• The Lyman Alpha Spectral Database (LASD)
• Analysis of Spatial Structure of the SPica H II Region
• Where infall meets outflows: turbulent dissipation probed by CH${}^{+}$ and Ly$\alpha$ in the starburst/AGN galaxy group SMM J02399$-$0136 at z$\sim$2.8
• On the effect of Lyman alpha trapping during the initial collapse of massive black hole seeds
• MOS spectroscopy of protocluster candidate galaxies at z=6.5
• Scrutiny of a very young, metal-poor star-forming Lyα-emitter at z ~ 3.7
• The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample XI: Efficient Turbulence Driven Lyα Escape and the Analysis of IR, CO and [C II]158 μm
• APEX at the QSO MUSEUM: molecular gas reservoirs associated with $z\sim$3 quasars and their link to the extended Ly$\alpha$ emission
• The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample. VIII. Characterizing Lyman-Alpha Scattering in Nearby Galaxies
• Prospects for Observing the low-density Cosmic Web in Lyman-alpha Emission
• SHELLQs. Bridging the Gap: JWST Unveils Obscured Quasars in the Most Luminous Galaxies at z > 6
• The archival discovery of a strong Lyman-$\alpha$ and [CII] emitter at z = 7.677
• Resonant Scattering and Ly-alpha Radiation Emergent from Neutral Hydrogen Halos
• Deciphering stellar metallicities in the early Universe: Case study of a young galaxy at z = 4.77 in the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field
• Stellar feedback in a clumpy galaxy at $z\sim$ 3.4
• Physical properties and evolutionary state of the Lyman alpha emitting starburst galaxy IRAS 08339+6517
• Local Group progenitors: Lyman Alpha bright?
• The MOSDEF-LRIS Survey: Probing ISM/CGM Structure of Star-Forming Galaxies at z~2 Using Rest-UV Spectroscopy
• Trident: A three-pronged galaxy survey. I. Lyman alpha emitting galaxies at z~2 in GOODS North
• Revealing the Nature of a Lyman-$\alpha$ Halo in a Strongly Lensed Interacting System at $z=2.92$
• The impact of gas bulk rotation on the lyman-alpha line
• HETDEX Public Source Catalog 1 -- Stacking 50K Lyman Alpha Emitters
• Tomography of the environment of the COSMOS/AzTEC-3 submillimeter galaxy at z=5.3 revealed by Lyalpha and MUSE observations
• A UV Ultra-luminous Lyman Break Galaxy at Z=2.78 in NDWFS Bootes Field
• A survey of Ly$\alpha$ emission around Damped Ly$\alpha$ absorbers at $z\approx 2$ with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager
• The circumgalactic medium in Lyman-alpha: a new constraint on galactic outflow models
• Probing IGM accretion onto faint Lyα emitters at z~2.8
• The Ly$\alpha$, CIV, and HeII nebulae around J1000+0234: a galaxy pair at the center of a galaxy overdensity at $z=4.5$
• Lyman-$\alpha$ photons through rotating outflows
• Spatially-resolved Spectroscopic Analysis of Ly$\alpha$ Haloes: Radial Evolution of the Ly$\alpha$ Line Profile out to 60 kpc
• Determining the systemic redshift of Lyman-alpha emitters with neural networks and improving the measured large-scale clustering
• Crossing walls and windows: the curious escape of Lyman-$\alpha$ photons through ionised channels
• Can galaxy evolution mimic cosmic reionization?
• NuSTAR hard X-ray data and Gemini 3D spectra reveal powerful AGN and outflow histories in two low-redshift Lyman-$\alpha$ blobs
• Molecular hydrogen in Lyman Alpha Emitters
• Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting: Application to Lyman Alpha-Emitting Galaxies
• Testing SALT Approximations with Numerical Radiation Transfer Code Part 1: Validity and Applicability
• The Utility of Lyman-alpha Emission Lines as a Probe of Interactions between High Redshift Galaxies and their Environments
• Resolved galactic superwinds reconstructed around their host galaxies at z>3
• The WISSH quasars project VII. Outflows and metals in the circumgalactic medium around the hyper-luminous z~3.6 quasar J1538+08
• The MUSE Extremely Deep Field: Classifying the Spectral Shapes of Lya Emitting Galaxies
• Blue Wings and Bumps via Fermi-like Acceleration of Lyman-alpha photons across Shocks
• Lyman alpha Properties of Simulated Galaxies in Overdense Regions: Effects of Galactic Winds at z > 6
• Lyman Alpha line properties at $z\simeq 3.78$ and their environmental dependence: a case study around a massive proto-cluster
• Extinction Correction Significantly Influences the Estimate of Ly$\alpha$ Escape Fraction
• Lyman Alpha Emitters and the 21cm Power Spectrum as Probes of Density-Ionization Correlation in the Epoch of Reionization
• Observations of Ly$\alpha$ Emitters at High Redshift
• Filter Induced Bias in Lyα Emitter Surveys: A Comparison Between Standard and Tunable Filters. Gran Telescopio Canarias Preliminary Results
• Time-Dependent Behavior of Lyman$\alpha$ Photon Transfer in High Redshift Optically Thick Medium
• A public grid of radiative transfer simulations for Lyman-alpha and metal lines in idealised galactic outflows
• Detection of large scale Ly$\alpha$ absorbers at large angles to the radio axis of high-redshift radio galaxies using SOAR
• Dynamics of Lyman Break Galaxies and Their Host Halos
• A weak Ly$\alpha$ halo for an extremely bright Little Red Dot: Indications of enshrouded SMBH growth
• The miniJPAS Survey: Detection of double-core Lyα morphology of two high-redshift (z>3) QSOs
• Lyman-alpha resonant-line radiative transfer in expanding media
• Angular momentum loss of primordial gas in Lyman-alpha radiation field
• Effect of Dust on Lyman-alpha Photon Transfer in Optically Thick Halo
• A z ~ 5.7 Lyα Emission Line with an Ultra Broad Red Wing
• A unique window into the Epoch of Reionisation: A double-peaked Lyman-$\alpha$ emitter in the proximity zone of a quasar at $z\sim 6.6$
• Scattering of Lyα Photons through the Reionizing Intergalactic Medium: I. Spectral Energy Distribution
• SEURAT: SPH scheme extended with ultraviolet line radiative transfer
• Modelling LAEs in the Epoch of Reionization with OBELISK
• Lyman-alpha at Cosmic Noon I: Ly-alpha Spectral Type Selection of z ~ 2-3 Lyman Break Galaxies with Broadband Imaging
• A tentative $\sim$1000 km s${}^{-1}$ offset between the [CII] 158 $\mu$m and Ly$\alpha$ line emission in a star-forming galaxy at $z=7.2$
• The Intrinsic Distribution of Lyman-$\alpha$ Halos
• Lyman-$\alpha$ Emitting Galaxies (LAEs) at Cosmic Dawn: Implications and Predictions
• Understanding Lyman-alpha emitters
• On the formation of Lyman $\alpha$ emission from resonantly scattered continuum photons of GRB's afterglow
• Impact of Cosmic Variance on the Galaxy-Halo Connection for Lyman-$\alpha$ Emitters
• The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample. XVI. Global 21cm HI properties of Lyman-$\alpha$ emitting galaxies
• Modelling the gas kinematics of an atypical Lyman-alpha emitting compact dwarf galaxy
• The effect of ionizing background fluctuations on the spatial correlations of high redshift Ly$\alpha$-emitting galaxies
• Joint Lyα emitters - quasars reionization constraints
• Star Formation for Predictive Primordial Galaxy Formation
• A resolved Lyman-Alpha profile with doubly peaked emission at z~7
• Star-Formation in Neutral Hydrogen Gas Reservoirs at Cosmic Noon
• Exploring the gaseous halos of z>3 radio galaxies with UVES and JWST/NIRSpec
• Ciii]$\lambda 1909$ emission as an alternative to Ly$\alpha$ in the reionization era: the dependence of Ciii] and Ly$\alpha$ at $3<z<4$ from the VANDELS survey
• Constraining the geometry of the gas surrounding a typical galaxy at $z=3.4$ with Ly$\alpha$ polarization