Ly$\alpha$ profile, dust, and prediction of Ly$\alpha$ escape fraction in Green Pea Galaxies

Abstract

We studied Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly$\alpha$) escape in a statistical sample of 43 Green Peas with HST/COS Ly$\alpha$ spectra. Green Peas are nearby star-forming galaxies with strong [OIII]$\lambda$5007 emission lines. Our sample is four times larger than the previous sample and covers a much more complete range of Green Pea properties. We found that about 2/3 of Green Peas are strong Ly$\alpha$ line emitters with rest-frame Ly$\alpha$ equivalent width $>20$ Å. The Ly$\alpha$ profiles of Green Peas are diverse. The Ly$\alpha$ escape fraction, defined as the ratio of observed Ly$\alpha$ flux to intrinsic Ly$\alpha$ flux, shows anti-correlations with a few Ly$\alpha$ kinematic features -- both the blue peak and red peak velocities, the peak separations, and FWHM of the red portion of the Ly$\alpha$ profile. Using properties measured from SDSS optical spectra, we found many correlations -- Ly$\alpha$ escape fraction generally increases at lower dust reddening, lower metallicity, lower stellar mass, and higher [OIII]/[OII] ratio. We fit their Ly$\alpha$ profiles with the HI shell radiative transfer model and found Ly$\alpha$ escape fraction anti-correlates with the best-fit $N_{HI}$. Finally, we fit an empirical linear relation to predict Ly$\alpha$ escape fraction from the dust extinction and Ly$\alpha$ red peak velocity. The standard deviation of this relation is about 0.3 dex. This relation can be used to isolate the effect of IGM scatterings from Ly$\alpha$ escape and to probe the IGM optical depth along the line of sight of each $z>7$ Ly$\alpha$ emission line galaxy in the JWST era.

15 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, machine-readable tables included. ApJ in-press

References in corpus (30)

• 3D Lyman-alpha radiation transfer. I. Understanding Lyman-alpha line profile morphologies
• Detection of high Lyman continuum leakage from four low-redshift compact star-forming galaxies
• Using Lyman-alpha to detect galaxies that leak Lyman continuum
• Lyman Alpha Emitting Galaxies as a Probe of Reionization
• New observations of z~7 galaxies: evidence for a patchy reionization
• Lyman-alpha spectral properties of five newly discovered Lyman continuum emitters
• A Local Clue to the Reionization of the Universe
• Rapid Decline of Lyman-alpha Emission Toward the Reionization Era
• The Ly-alpha Properties of Faint Galaxies at z2-3 with Systemic Redshifts and Velocity Dispersions from Keck-MOSFIRE
• Identification of the brightest Lyα emitters at z=6.6: implications for the evolution of the luminosity function in the re-ionisation era
• Q1549-C25: A Clean Source of Lyman-Continuum Emission at $z=3.15$
• Tracing the reionization epoch with ALMA: [CII] emission in z~7 galaxies
• Diffuse Lyman-alpha Halos around Galaxies at z=2.2-6.6: Implications for Galaxy Formation and Cosmic Reionization
• The LyA-LyC Connection: Evidence for an Enhanced Contribution of UV-faint Galaxies to Cosmic Reionization
• Direct Detection of Lyman Continuum Escape from Local Starburst Galaxies with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph
• The Lyman alpha Reference Sample: Extended Lyman alpha Halos Produced at Low Dust Content
• The Lyman-alpha Reference Sample: I. Survey outline and first results for Markarian 259
• The Lyman-alpha luminosity function at z=5.7-6.6 and the steep drop of the faint end: implications for reionization
• Effects of Dust Geometry in Lyman Alpha Galaxies at z = 4.4
• ALMA [CII] detection of a redshift 7 lensed galaxy behind RXJ1347.1-1145
• The HETDEX Pilot Survey V: The Physical Origin of Lyman-alpha Emitters Probed by Near-infrared Spectroscopy
• Lyman alpha emitting galaxies at 0.2 < z < 0.35 from GALEX spectroscopy
• Ly$\alpha$ Spectra from Multiphase Outflows, and their Connection to Shell Models
• Linking Ly-alpha and Low-Ionization Transitions at Low Optical Depth
• From Mirrors to Windows: Lyman-Alpha Radiative Transfer in a Very Clumpy Medium
• Investigating Nearby Star-Forming Galaxies in the Ultraviolet with HST/COS Spectroscopy. I: Spectral Analysis and Interstellar Abundance Determinations
• Ly-alpha emitting galaxies at redshift z~4.5 in the LALA Cetus field
• Ly$\alpha$ and UV Sizes of Green Pea Galaxies
• Lyman-Alpha Emitter Galaxies at z ~ 2.8 in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South: I. Tracing the Large-Scale Structure via Lyman-Alpha Imaging
• A Plethora of AGN Among Lyman Alpha Galaxies at Low Redshift

Cited by in corpus (133)

• The Universe is Reionizing at z~7: Bayesian Inference of the IGM Neutral Fraction Using Ly$\alpha$ Emission from Galaxies
• Low-redshift Lyman continuum leaking galaxies with high [OIII]/[OII] ratios
• J1154+2443: a low-redshift compact star-forming galaxy with a 46 per cent leakage of Lyman continuum photons
• The Low-Redshift Lyman Continuum Survey I: New, Diverse Local Lyman-Continuum Emitters
• MMT/MMIRS spectroscopy of $z=1.3-2.4$ extreme [OIII] emitters: Implications for galaxies in the reionization-era
• JADES: Probing interstellar medium conditions at $z\sim 5.5-9.5$ with ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy
• The Low-Redshift Lyman Continuum Survey II: New Insights into LyC Diagnostics
• EIGER II. first spectroscopic characterisation of the young stars and ionised gas associated with strong H$\beta$ and [OIII] line-emission in galaxies at z=5-7 with JWST
• Lyman continuum leakage from low-mass galaxies with Mstar < 1.E8 Msun
• Texas Spectroscopic Search for Ly$\alpha$ Emission at the End of Reionization III. the Ly$\alpha$ Equivalent-width Distribution and Ionized Structures at $z>7$
• Blueberry galaxies: the lowest mass young starbursts
• Slicing COSMOS with SC4K: the evolution of typical Lya emitters and the Lya escape fraction from z~2 to z~6
• New Insights on Ly-alpha and Lyman Continuum Radiative Transfer in the Greenest Peas
• Rotational Disruption of Dust Grains by Radiative Torques in Strong Radiation Fields
• Lyman Radiation Hydrodynamics of Turbulent H II Regions in Molecular Clouds: A Physical Origin of LyC Leakage and the Associated Ly$\alpha$ Spectra
• SIGAME simulations of the [CII], [OI] and [OIII] line emission from star forming galaxies at z ~ 6
• The JWST-PRIMAL Legacy Survey. A JWST/NIRSpec reference sample for the physical properties and Lyman-$\alpha$ absorption and emission of $\sim 500$ galaxies at $z=5.5-13.4$
• JADES: Detecting [OIII]$\lambda 4363$ Emitters and Testing Strong Line Calibrations in the High-$z$ Universe with Ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec Spectroscopy up to $z\sim 9.5$
• Finding Peas in the Early Universe with JWST
• Diverse properties of Ly-alpha emission in low-redshift compact star-forming galaxies with extremely high [OIII]/[OII] ratios
• Measuring the properties of reionised bubbles with resolved Lyman alpha spectra
• A Close Relationship between Lyman Alpha and Mg II in Green Pea Galaxies
• First Insights into the ISM at $z>8$ with JWST: Possible Physical Implications of a High [O III]$\lambda 4363$/[O III]$\lambda 5007$
• Spectroscopic properties of luminous Lyman-α emitters at $z\approx 6-7$ and comparison to the Lyman-break population
• A VLT/FORS2 view at $z\sim 6$: Lyman-$\alpha$ emitter fraction and galaxy physical properties at the edge of the epoch of cosmic reionization
• The Mean Ultraviolet Spectrum of a Representative Sample of Faint z~3 Lyman Alpha Emitters
• The Impact of Scatter in the Galaxy UV Luminosity to Halo Mass Relation on Ly$\alpha$ Visibility During the Epoch of Reionization
• Puzzling Lyman-alpha line profiles in green pea galaxies
• High-z galaxies with JWST and local analogues -- it is not only star formation
• The X-SHOOTER Lyman-$\alpha$ survey at z=2 (XLS-z2) I: What makes a galaxy a Lyman-$\alpha$ emitter?
• Ly$\alpha$-Lyman Continuum connection in 3.5 < z < 4.3 star-forming galaxies from the VUDS survey
• An extremely metal poor star complex in the reionization era: Approaching Population III stars with JWST
• Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Galaxies During Reionization: Measuring CIII] in a Galaxy at $\mathbf{z}=7.5$
• RASCAS: RAdiation SCattering in Astrophysical Simulations
• (Re)Solving Reionization with Lyα: How Bright Lyα Emitters account for the $z\approx 2-8$ Cosmic Ionizing Background
• Resonant line transfer in a fog: Using Lyman-alpha to probe tiny structures in atomic gas
• New AGN diagnostic diagrams based on the [OIII]$\lambda 4363$ auroral line
• Morphologies of ~190,000 Galaxies at z=0-10 Revealed with HST Legacy Data. III. Continuum Profile and Size Evolution of Lya Emitters
• Three Lyman-alpha emitting galaxies within a quasar proximity zone at z=5.8
• Modeling $237$ Lyman-$\alpha$ spectra of the MUSE-Wide survey
• Evolution of the Mass-Metallicity Relation from Redshift $z\approx 8$ to the Local Universe
• The physics of Lyman-alpha escape from disc-like galaxies
• Simulating the diversity of shapes of the Lyman-$\alpha$ line
• Lyman-alpha spectroscopy of extreme [OIII] emitting galaxies at $z\simeq 2-3$: Implications for Ly$\alpha$ visibility and LyC leakage at $z>6$
• Spectral shapes of the Lyman-alpha emission from galaxies: I. blueshifted emission and intrinsic invariance with redshift
• Searching for z > 6.5 Analogs Near the Peak of Cosmic Star Formation
• Chemodynamics of Green Pea galaxies -- I. Outflows and turbulence driving the escape of ionising photons and chemical enrichment
• Assessing the sources of reionisation: a spectroscopic case study of a 30$\times$ lensed galaxy at $z\sim 5$ with Lyα, CIV, MgII, and [NeIII]
• Neutral Gas Properties and Ly$\alpha$ Escape in Extreme Green Pea Galaxies
• The VANDELS survey: the role of ISM and galaxy physical properties on the escape of Lyα emission in z $\sim$ 3.5 star-forming galaxies
• Predicting Ly$\alpha$ Emission from Galaxies via Empirical Markers of Production and Escape in the KBSS
• Double-peaked Lyman-$\alpha$ emission at z=6.803: a reionisation-era galaxy self-ionising its local HII bubble
• Direct T${}_e$ metallicity calibration of R23 in strong line emitters
• JADES: Primaeval Lyman-$\alpha$ emitting galaxies reveal early sites of reionisation out to redshift $z\sim 9$
• Lyman alpha and Lyman continuum emission of MgII-selected star-forming galaxies
• Lyman Alpha Reference Sample: X. Predicting Lyman alpha output from starforming galaxies using multivariate regression
• MgII in the JWST Era: a Probe of Lyman Continuum Escape?
• The Challenges of Identifying Population III Stars in the Early Universe
• The VANDELS survey: A strong correlation between Ly$\alpha$ equivalent width and stellar metallicity at $3\le \mathbf{z}\le 5$
• Stars and gas in the most metal-poor galaxies I: COS and MUSE observations of SBS 0335-052E
• Predicting LyC emission of galaxies using their physical and Ly$\alpha$ emission properties
• Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy Formation Simulation XX. The Ly$\alpha$ IGM transmission properties and environment of bright galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization
• Properties of five z~0.3-0.4 confirmed LyC leakers: VLT/XShooter observations
• An Hα Impression of Lyα Galaxies at $z\simeq 6$ with Deep JWST/NIRCam Imaging
• Properties of the KISS Green Pea Galaxies
• The Circumgalactic Medium of Extreme Emission Line Galaxies at z ~ 2: Resolved Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer Modeling of Spatially Extended Lyman-alpha Emission in the KBSS-KCWI Survey
• The Compact UV Size of Green Pea Galaxies As Local Analogs of High-redshift Ly$\alpha$-Emitters
• Early Results from GLASS-JWST XXII: Rest frame UV-optical spectral properties of Lyman-alpha emitting galaxies at 3 $<$ z $<$ 6
• Integral Field Spectroscopy of Green Peas (I): Disentangling disk-like, turbulence and strong outflow kinematics in SDSSJ083843.63+385350.5
• Recovery and analysis of rest-frame UV emission lines in 2052 galaxies observed with MUSE at $1.5<z<6.4$
• Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction from Low-mass Starbursts at z=1.3
• Revisiting the Gas Kinematics in SSA22 Lyman-$\alpha$ Blob 1 with Radiative Transfer Modeling in a Multiphase, Clumpy Medium
• Texas Spectroscopic Search for Ly$\alpha$ Emission at the End of Reionization II. The Deepest Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Observation at $z\gtrsim 7$
• Unlocking the Full Potential of Extragalactic Ly$\alpha$ through Its Polarization Properties
• The Importance Of Star Formation Intensity In LYα Escape From Green Pea Galaxies And Lyman Break Galaxy Analogs
• The Effect of Bi-conical Outflows on Ly$\alpha$ Escape From Green Peas
• Rest-frame UV Properties of Luminous Strong Gravitationally Lensed Ly$\alpha$ Emitters from the BELLS GALLERY Survey
• Ly-alpha emission in low-redshift most metal-deficient compact star-forming galaxies
• New insights on the nebular emission, ionizing radiation and low metallicity of Green Peas from advanced modelling
• Metal-Enriched Neutral Gas Reservoir around a Strongly-lensed, Low-mass Galaxy at $z=4$ Identified by JWST/NIRISS and VLT/MUSE
• Sub-kiloparsec Imaging of Lyman-alpha Emission in a Low Mass, Highly Ionized, Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy at z = 1.84
• Correlation between SFR surface density and thermal pressure of ionized gas in local analogs of high-redshift galaxies
• Lyman-Alpha Escape from Low-Mass, Compact, High-Redshift Galaxies
• The nature of CR7 revealed with MUSE: a young starburst powering extended Lyman-$\alpha$ emission at z=6.6
• Space Debris -- Optical Measurements
• Starburst galaxies
• LESSER: A Catalogue of Spectroscopically selected sample of Lyman-$\alpha$ Emitters Lensed By Galaxies
• Spatially Resolved Outflows in a Seyfert Galaxy at z = 2.39
• Early Results from GLASS-JWST XXIII: The transmission of Lyman-alpha from UV-faint z ~ 3-6 galaxies
• Measuring the average molecular gas content of star-forming galaxies at $z=3-4$
• Effects of self-consistent rest-ultraviolet colours in semi-empirical galaxy formation models
• Gems of the Galaxy Zoos -- a Wide-Ranging Hubble Space Telescope Gap-Filler Program
• The resolved chemical composition of the starburst dwarf galaxy CGCG007-025: Direct method versus photoionization model fitting
• The Lyman Alpha Spectral Database (LASD)
• The H$\alpha$ Dots Survey. II. A Second List of Faint Emission-Line Objects
• A bright lensed galaxy at $z=5.4$ with strong Ly$\alpha$ emission
• A Green Pea starburst arising from a galaxy-galaxy merger
• The MOSDEF-LRIS Survey: Probing ISM/CGM Structure of Star-Forming Galaxies at z~2 Using Rest-UV Spectroscopy
• Deciphering stellar metallicities in the early Universe: Case study of a young galaxy at z = 4.77 in the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field
• Local Analogs to High-Redshift Galaxies: I. Characterization of Dust Emission and Star Formation History
• Galaxies of the $z\sim 2$ Universe. I. Grism-Selected Rest-Frame Optical Emission Line Galaxies
• Detection of the 2175Å UV Bump at z>7: Evidence for Rapid Dust Evolution in a Merging Reionisation-Era Galaxy
• Star-formation rate in compact star-forming galaxies
• An old stellar population or diffuse nebular continuum emission discovered in green pea galaxies
• Emission Line Galaxies in the SHARDS Frontier Fields I: Candidate Selection and the Discovery of Bursty Hα Emitters
• The Lyman $\alpha$ Reference Sample XIV: Lyman $\alpha$ imaging of 45 low redshift star-forming galaxies and inferences on global emission
• HI Imaging of a Blueberry Galaxy Suggests a Merger Origin
• Resolved galactic superwinds reconstructed around their host galaxies at z>3
• Radio properties of Green Pea galaxies
• NGDEEP: The Star Formation and Ionization Properties of Galaxies at $1.7<z<3.4$
• Strong [O III] λ5007 Compact Galaxies Identified from SDSS DR16 and Their Scaling Relations
• The Star Formation Across Cosmic Time (SFACT) Survey. I. Survey Description and Early Results from a New Narrow-Band Emission-Line Galaxy Survey
• Extreme [OIII] Emitters at z $\sim$ 0.5
• A MUSE/VLT spatially resolved study of the emission structure of Green Pea galaxies
• Ionizing Radiation Escape from Low-Redshift Galaxies and Its Connection to Cosmic Reionization
• The JWST EXCELS Survey: gas-phase metallicity evolution at 2 < z < 8
• The Dwarf Galaxy Population at $z\sim 0.7$: A Catalog of Emission Lines and Redshifts from Deep Keck Observations
• Multiple emission lines of H$\alpha$ emitters at $z\sim 2.3$ from the broad and medium-band photometry in the ZFOURGE Survey
• The Intrinsic Distribution of Lyman-$\alpha$ Halos
• Modelling LAEs in the Epoch of Reionization with OBELISK
• The Neon Gap: Probing Ionization with Dwarf Galaxies at z~1
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: an observational evidence of density bounded region in a Lyman-$\alpha$ emitter
• A unique window into the Epoch of Reionisation: A double-peaked Lyman-$\alpha$ emitter in the proximity zone of a quasar at $z\sim 6.6$
• Rapid, out of equilibrium metal enrichment indicated by a flat mass-metallicity relation at z~6 from NIRCam grism spectroscopy
• Extreme Emission-Line Galaxies in the MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey
• FAST H I 21 cm study of blueberry galaxies
• Compact [OIII] emission-line regions ("Green Seeds") in $\mathrm{H}\alpha$ emitters at Cosmic Noon from JWST Observations
• Nature of High Equivalent Width Emitters in the Epoch of Reionization Revealed by JWST Medium-band Imaging
• The Physical Properties of Star-Forming Galaxies with Strong [O III] Lines at z=3.25
• Shocks and complex chemodynamics in the metal-poor starburst galaxy CGCG 007-025 revealed through high-resolution echelle spectroscopy
• Resolving dust and Lyα emission in a lensed galaxy at the epoch of reionization with JWST/CANUCS
• Extreme Metallicity Dwarf Galaxies in IllustrisTNG
• Unveiling an old disk around a massive young leaking blueberry in SDSS-IV MaNGA