Infrared radiation from an extrasolar planet

Abstract

A class of extrasolar giant planets - the so-called `hot Jupiters' - orbit within 0.05 AU of their primary stars. These planets should be hot and so emit detectable infrared radiation. The planet HD 209458b is an ideal candidate for the detection and characterization of this infrared light because it is eclipsed by the star. This planet has an anomalously large radius (1.35 times that of Jupiter), which may be the result of ongoing tidal dissipation, but this explanation requires a non-zero orbital eccentricity (~0.03), maintained by interaction with a hypothetical second planet. Here we report detection of infrared (24 micron) radiation from HD 209458b, by observing the decrement in flux during secondary eclipse, when the planet passes behind the star. The planet's 24 micron flux is 55 +/- 10 micro-Jy (1 sigma), with a brightness temperature of 1130 +/- 150 Kelvins, confirming the predicted heating by stellar irradiation. The secondary eclipse occurs at the midpoint between transits of the planet in front of the star (to within +/- 7 min, 1 sigma), which means that a dynamically significant orbital eccentricity is unlikely.

to appear in Nature April 7, posted to Nature online March 23 (11 pages, 3 figures)

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• A Global Perspective with Updated Constraints on the Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-19b: Atmospheric Properties and Stellar Activity
• Exoplanets: Possible Biosignatures
• Maps and Masses of Transiting Exoplanets: Towards New Insights into Atmospheric and Interior Properties of Planets
• Evolution and Observable Properties of Rocky Planet Atmospheres
• Spectrum and atmosphere models of irradiated transiting extrasolar giant planets
• Studies of Expolanets and Solar Systems with SPICA
• Near infrared and optical emission of WASP-5 b
• Spectral types of planetary host star candidates from OGLE III
• The James Webb Space Telescope Absolute Flux Calibration. I. Program Design and Calibrator Stars
• Radius Study of Ten Transiting Hot Jupiter Exoplanets with Ground-Based Observations
• The Transits of Extrasolar Planets with Moons
• The search for exomoons and the characterization of exoplanet atmospheres