A limit on the presence of Earth-mass planets around a Sun-like star

Abstract

We present a combined analysis of all publicly available, visible HST observations of transits of the planet HD 209458b. We derive the times of transit, planet radius, inclination, period, and ephemeris. The transit times are then used to constrain the existence of secondary planets in the system. We show that planets near an Earth mass can be ruled out in low-order mean-motion resonance, while planets less than an Earth mass are ruled out in interior, 2:1 resonance. We also present a combined analysis of the transit times and 68 high precision radial velocity measurements of the system. These results are compared to theoretical predictions for the constraints that can be placed on secondary planets.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in MNRAS. 16 pages, 9 figures

References in corpus (14)

• Analytic Lightcurves for Planetary Transit Searches
• Detection of Planetary Transits Across a Sun-like Star
• Detection of an Extrasolar Planet Atmosphere
• DHP Framework: Digital Health Passports Using Blockchain -- Use case on international tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic
• On detecting terrestrial planets with timing of giant planet transits
• Detection of Thermal Emission from an Extrasolar Planet
• Infrared radiation from an extrasolar planet
• HST Time-Series Photometry of the Transiting Planet of HD 209458
• A correlation between the heavy element content of transiting extrasolar planets and the metallicity of their parent stars
• HD 209458: Physical Parameters of the Parent Star and the Transiting Planet
• Origin and Ubiquity of Short-Period Earth-like Planets: Evidence for the Sequential-Accretion Theory of Planet Formation
• An analysis of the transit times of TrES-1b
• A safety net for fast migrators: Interactions between gap-opening and sub-gap-opening bodies in a protoplanetary disk
• System Parameters of the Transiting Extrasolar Planet HD 209458b

Cited by in corpus (44)

• The climate of HD 189733b from fourteen transits and eclipses measured by Spitzer
• KELT-1b: A Strongly Irradiated, Highly Inflated, Short Period, 27 Jupiter-mass Companion Transiting a mid-F Star
• Kepler constraints on planets near hot Jupiters
• Probing the Interiors of Very Hot Jupiters Using Transit Light Curves
• Long-term tidal evolution of short-period planets with companions
• Observable Consequences of Planet Formation Models in Systems with Close-in Terrestrial Planets
• Using Transit Timing Observations to Search for Trojans of Transiting Extrasolar Planets
• A transit timing analysis of nine RISE light curves of the exoplanet system TrES-3
• Transit timing variation in exoplanet WASP-3b
• New prospects for observing and cataloguing exoplanets in well detached binaries
• A Search for Additional Planets in the NASA EPOXI Observations of the Exoplanet System GJ 436
• TRADES: A new software to derive orbital parameters from observed transit times and radial velocities. Revisiting Kepler-11 and Kepler-9
• New Worlds on the Horizon: Earth-Sized Planets Close to Other Stars
• Kepler-108: A Mutually Inclined Giant Planet System
• MOST Spacebased Photometry of the Transiting Exoplanet System HD 189733: Precise Timing Measurements for Transits Across an Active Star
• A transit timing analysis of seven RISE light curves of the exoplanet system HAT-P-3
• APOSTLE Observations of GJ 1214b: System Parameters and Evidence for Stellar Activity
• MOST Spacebased Photometry of the Transiting Exoplanet System HD 209458: Transit Timing to Search for Additional Planets
• Lack of Transit Timing Variations of OGLE-TR-111b: A re-analysis with six new epochs
• Predicting a third planet in the Kepler-47 circumbinary system
• Detection of Earth-mass and Super-Earth Trojan Planets Using Transit Timing Variation Method
• Transit Timing Variations for Inclined and Retrograde Exoplanetary Systems
• An analysis of the transit times of CoRoT-1b
• Looking for Super-Earths in the HD 189733 System: A Search for Transits in Most Space-Based Photometry
• Five New Transit Epochs of the Exoplanet OGLE-TR-111b
• NICMOS Observations of the Transiting Hot Jupiter XO-1b
• Transit timing analysis of the exoplanets TrES-1 and TrES-2
• Fast Inversion Method for Determination of Planetary Parameters from Transit Timing Variations
• On the Detection of (Habitable) Super-Earths Around Low-Mass Stars Using Kepler and Transit Timing Variation Method
• Prospects of the Detection of Circumbinary Planets With Kepler and CoRoT Using the Variations of Eclipse Timing
• Quantifying the challenges of detecting unseen planetary companions with transit timing variations
• Looking for Giant Earths in the HD 209458 System: A Search for Transits in MOST Space-based Photometry
• Transit timing analysis of CoRoT-1b
• Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). II. Refined System Parameters and Transit Timing Analysis of HAT-P-33b
• Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). I. Refined System Parameters and Transit Timing Variations of HAT-P-29b
• Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Transmission Spectrum Modelling of HD209458b
• Transit-timing measurements with the model-independent barycenter method: Application to the LHS 6343 system
• Measuring accurate transit parameters
• Eclipse timing variations to detect possible Trojan planets in binary systems
• Long-Term Evolution in Transit Duration of Extrasolar Planets from Magnetic Activity in their Parent Stars
• Detection of Laplace-resonant three-planet systems from transit timing variations
• An alternative stable solution for the Kepler-419 system, obtained with the use of a genetic algorithm
• What to Expect from Transiting Multiplanet Systems
• On the Detection of Habitable Trojan Planets in the Kepler Circumbinary Systems