ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XV. Steady Accretion from Global Collapse to Core Feeding in Massive Hub-filament System SDC335

Abstract

We present ALMA Band-3/7 observations towards "the Heart" of a massive hub-filament system (HFS) SDC335, to investigate its fragmentation and accretion. At a resolution of $\sim 0.03$ pc, 3 mm continuum emission resolves two massive dense cores MM1 and MM2, with $383{(}_{-120}^{+234})$ $M_{\odot }$ (10-24% mass of "the Heart") and $74{(}_{-24}^{+47})$ $M_{\odot }$, respectively. With a resolution down to 0.01 pc, 0.87 mm continuum emission shows MM1 further fragments into six condensations and multi-transition lines of H${}_2$CS provide temperature estimation. The relation between separation and mass of condensations at a scale of 0.01 pc favors turbulent Jeans fragmentation where the turbulence seems to be scale-free rather than scale-dependent. We use the H${}^{13}$CO${}^{+}$ (1-0) emission line to resolve the complex gas motion inside "the Heart" in position-position-velocity space. We identify four major gas streams connected to large-scale filaments, inheriting the anti-clockwise spiral pattern. Along these streams, gas feeds the central massive core MM1. Assuming an inclination angle of $45(\pm 15{)}^{\circ }$ and a H${}^{13}$CO${}^{+}$ abundance of $5(\pm 3)\times 10^{-11}$, the total mass infall rate is estimated to be $2.40(\pm 0.78)\times 10^{-3}$ $M_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$, numerically consistent with the accretion rates derived from the clump-scale spherical infall model and the core-scale outflows. The consistency suggests a continuous, near steady-state, and efficient accretion from global collapse, therefore ensuring core feeding. Our comprehensive study of SDC335 showcases the detailed gas kinematics in a prototypical massive infalling clump and calls for further systematic and statistical analyses in a large sample.

29 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

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