ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- I. Survey description and a first look at G9.62+0.19

Abstract

The "ATOMS," standing for {\it ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions}, survey has observed 146 active star forming regions with ALMA Band 3, aiming to systematically investigate the spatial distribution of various dense gas tracers in a large sample of Galactic massive clumps, to study the roles of stellar feedback in star formation, and to characterize filamentary structures inside massive clumps. In this work, the observations, data analysis, and example science of the "ATOMS" survey are presented, using a case study for the G9.62+0.19 complex. Toward this source, some transitions, commonly assumed to trace dense gas, including CS $J=2-1$, HCO${}^{+}$ $J=1-0$ and HCN $J=1-0$, are found to show extended gas emission in low density regions within the clump; less than 25\% of their emission is from dense cores. SO, CH${}_3$OH, H${}^{13}$CN and HC${}_3$N show similar morphologies in their spatial distributions and reveal well the dense cores. Widespread narrow SiO emission is present (over $\sim$1 pc), which may be caused by slow shocks from large--scale colliding flows or H{\sc ii} regions. Stellar feedback from an expanding H{\sc ii} region has greatly reshaped the natal clump, significantly changed the spatial distribution of gas, and may also account for the sequential high-mass star formation in the G9.62+0.19 complex. The ATOMS survey data can be jointly analyzed with other survey data, e.g., "MALT90", "Orion B", "EMPIRE", "ALMA\_IMF", and "ALMAGAL", to deepen our understandings of "dense gas" star formation scaling relations and massive proto-cluster formation.

published on MNRAS

References in corpus (49)

• Properties of galaxies reproduced by a hydrodynamic simulation
• MAMBO Mapping of Spitzer c2d Small Clouds and Cores
• The Critical Density and the Effective Excitation Density of Commonly Observed Molecular Dense Gas Tracers
• Radiative torques: Analytical Model and Basic Properties
• Star formation through gravitational collapse and competitive accretion
• ATLASGAL --- properties of a complete sample of Galactic clumps
• A Minimum Column Density of 1 g cm^-2 for Massive Star Formation
• The Effects of Radiative Transfer on Low-Mass Star Formation
• ATLASGAL --- towards a complete sample of massive star forming clumps
• The ALMA Survey of 70 $\mu$m dark High-mass clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). I. Pilot Survey: Clump Fragmentation
• The anatomy of the Orion B Giant Molecular Cloud: A local template for studies of nearby galaxies
• Comparing Star Formation on Large Scales in the c2d Legacy Clouds: Bolocam 1.1 mm Dust Continuum Surveys of Serpens, Perseus, and Ophiuchus
• Fragmentation of Molecular Clumps and Formation of Protocluster
• The Fragmentation of Magnetized, Massive Star-Forming Cores with Radiative Feedback
• Star formation relations and CO SLEDs across the J-ladder and redshift
• The Electron Temperature Gradient in the Galactic Disk
• Compression and ablation of the photo-irradiated cloud the Orion Bar
• FellWalker - a Clump Identification Algorithm
• EMPIRE: The IRAM 30-m Dense Gas Survey of Nearby Galaxies
• Molecular Line Emission as a Tool for Galaxy Observations (LEGO). I. HCN as a tracer of moderate gas densities in molecular clouds and galaxies
• The chemistry and spatial distribution of small hydrocarbons in UV-irradiated molecular clouds: the Orion Bar PDR
• HCN versus HCO+ as dense molecular gas mass tracer in Luminous Infrared Galaxies
• Ethynyl (C2H) in massive star formation: Tracing the initial conditions?
• Filamentary Accretion Flows in the Infrared Dark Cloud G14.225-0.506 Revealed by ALMA
• Lambda = 3 mm line survey of nearby active galaxies
• Star Formation Relations in the Milky Way
• ALMA resolves the spiraling accretion flow in the luminous OB cluster forming region G33.92+0.11
• Aspect Ratio Dependence of the Free-Fall Time for Non-Spherical Symmetries
• The observed chemical structure of L1544
• The Hi-GAL catalogue of dusty filamentary structures in the Galactic Plane
• A Census of Large-Scale ($\ge$ 10 pc), Velocity-Coherent, Dense Filaments in the Northern Galactic Plane: Automated Identification Using Minimum Spanning Tree
• The role of molecular filaments in the origin of the prestellar core mass function and stellar initial mass function
• Investigating the Global Collapse of Filaments Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
• Tracing extended low-velocity shocks through SiO emission - Case study of the W43-MM1 ridge
• Chemical Segregation in Hot Cores With Disk Candidates: An investigation with ALMA
• Star Formation Occurs in Dense Gas, but What Does "Dense" Mean?
• SCOPE: SCUBA-2 Continuum Observations of Pre-protostellar Evolution - Survey Description and Compact Source Catalogue
• The chemical structure of the very young starless core L1521E
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- II. Compact objects in ACA observations and star formation scaling relations
• SMA Observations of W3(OH) Complex: Physical and Chemical Differentiation between W3(H${}_2$O) and W3(OH)
• Interstellar Plunging Waves: ALMA resolves the physical structure of non-stationary MHD shocks
• Gas velocity structure of the Orion A Integral Shaped Filament
• Widespread SiO and CH3OH emission in Filamentary Infrared Dark Clouds
• ALMA reveals the magnetic field evolution in the high-mass star forming complex G9.62+0.19
• The Galactic Census of High- and Medium-mass Protostars. III ${}^{12}$CO Maps and Physical Properties of Dense Clump Envelopes and their Embedding GMCs
• SMA CO(2-1) Observations of CG30: A Protostellar Binary System with a High-Velocity Quadrupolar Molecular Outflow
• Large-scale molecular gas distribution in the M17 cloud complex: dense gas conditions of massive star formation?
• Determining electron temperature and density in a H II region by using the relative strengths of hydrogen radio recombination lines
• Observational study of hydrocarbons in the bright photodissociation region of Messier 8

Cited by in corpus (54)

• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XI. From inflow to infall in hub-filament systems
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XV. Steady Accretion from Global Collapse to Core Feeding in Massive Hub-filament System SDC335
• ATOMS:ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- III :Catalogues of candidate hot molecular cores and Hyper/Ultra compact HII regions
• Evidence of high-mass star formation through multi-scale mass accretion in hub-filament-system clouds
• The ALMA Survey of 70 μm Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). VIII. Dynamics of Embedded Dense Cores
• Direct observational evidence of the multi-scale, dynamical mass accretion toward a high-mass star forming hub-filament system
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- VIII. A search for hot cores by using C${}_2$H${}_5$CN, CH${}_3$OCHO and CH${}_3$OH lines
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions-IX. A pilot study towards IRDC G034.43+00.24 on multi-scale structures and gas kinematics
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- II. Compact objects in ACA observations and star formation scaling relations
• High-resolution APEX/LAsMA ${}^{12}$CO and ${}^{13}$CO (3-2) observation of the G333 giant molecular cloud complex : I. Evidence for gravitational acceleration in hub-filament systems
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XII: Fragmentation and multi-scale gas kinematics in protoclusters G12.42+0.50 and G19.88-0.53
• The hierarchical fragmentation of filaments and the role of sub-filaments
• ALMA-IMF XI: The sample of hot core candidates A rich population of young high-mass proto-stars unveiled by the emission of methyl formate
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -XIV. Properties of resolved UC Hii regions
• HyGAL: Characterizing the Galactic ISM with observations of hydrides and other small molecules -- I. Survey description and a first look toward W3(OH), W3 IRS5 and NGC 7538 IRS1
• Physical and chemical complexity in high-mass star-forming regions with ALMA. I. Overview and evolutionary trends of physical properties
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -XIII. Ongoing triggered star formation within clump-fed scenario found in the massive ($\sim 1500$ ${\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) clump
• An ALMA study of outflow parameters of protoclusters: outflow feedback to maintain the turbulence
• The accretion burst of the massive young stellar object G323.46 -0.08
• ALMA-IMF XIII: N${}_2$H${}^{+}$ kinematic analysis on the intermediate protocluster G353.41
• A Q-band line survey towards Orion KL using the Tianma radio telescope
• SiO Outflows as Tracers of Massive Star Formation in Infrared Dark Clouds
• Correlations of Methyl Formate (CH3OCHO), Dimethyl Ether (CH3OCH3) and Ketene (H2CCO) in High-mass Star-forming Regions
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- VI. On the formation of the "L" type filament in G286.21+0.17
• Complex organic molecules uncover deeply embedded precursors of hot cores
• The parallax and 3D kinematics of water masers in the massive star-forming region G034.43+0.24
• Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) Science: Our Galaxy
• The evolution of HCO${}^{+}$ in molecular clouds using a novel chemical post-processing algorithm
• G133.50+9.01: A likely cloud-cloud collision complex triggering the formation of filaments, cores and a stellar cluster
• The ALMA-ATOMS survey: Vibrationally excited HC${}_3$N lines in hot cores
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- VII. A catalogue of SiO clumps from ACA observations
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- IV. Radio Recombination Lines and evolution of star formation efficiencies
• ALMAGAL IV. Morphological comparison of molecular and thermal dust emission using the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) method
• The evolution of the internal structure of massive star forming regions in the Milky Way as revealed by ALMA
• Carbon-chain molecule survey toward four low-mass molecular outflow sources
• A misaligned protostellar disk fed by gas streamers in a barred spiral-like massive dense core
• Spatial distributions and kinematics of shocked and ionized gas in M17
• HyGAL: Characterizing the Galactic ISM with observations of hydrides and other small molecules II. The absorption line survey with the IRAM 30 m telescope
• ALMAGAL VI. The spatial distribution of dense cores during the evolution of cluster-forming massive clump
• ALMAGAL V. Relations between the core populations and the parent clump physical properties
• A new measurement of the Galactic ${}^{12}$C/${}^{13}$C gradient from sensitive HCO${}^{+}$ absorption observations
• Different molecular filament widths as tracers of accretion onto filaments
• The ALMA Survey of 70 $\mu$m Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). XII. Unanchored Forked Stream in the Propagating Path of a Protostellar Outflow
• Study of Complex Nitrogen and Oxygen-bearing Molecules toward the High-mass Protostar IRAS 18089$-$1732
• Random gas motions inside sub-parsec scale supercritical filaments
• Turbulent Pressure Heats Gas and Suppresses Star Formation in Galactic Bar Molecular Clouds
• Synthetic ngVLA line observations of a massive star-forming cloud
• A High-Mass Young Star-forming Core Escaping from Its Parental Filament
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XIX. The origin of SiO emission
• Low-redshift analogues of cosmic noon galaxies as laboratories for clumpy star formation
• Origins of the shocks in high-mass starless clump candidates
• The ALMA-QUARKS survey: Extensive detection of acetamide in multiple high-mass star-forming regions
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- V. Hierarchical fragmentation and gas dynamics in IRDC G034.43+00.24
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- X. Chemical differentiation among the massive cores in G9.62+0.19