ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- I. Survey description and a first look at G9.62+0.19

Abstract

The "ATOMS," standing for {\it ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions}, survey has observed 146 active star forming regions with ALMA Band 3, aiming to systematically investigate the spatial distribution of various dense gas tracers in a large sample of Galactic massive clumps, to study the roles of stellar feedback in star formation, and to characterize filamentary structures inside massive clumps. In this work, the observations, data analysis, and example science of the "ATOMS" survey are presented, using a case study for the G9.62+0.19 complex. Toward this source, some transitions, commonly assumed to trace dense gas, including CS $J=2-1$, HCO${}^{+}$ $J=1-0$ and HCN $J=1-0$, are found to show extended gas emission in low density regions within the clump; less than 25\% of their emission is from dense cores. SO, CH${}_3$OH, H${}^{13}$CN and HC${}_3$N show similar morphologies in their spatial distributions and reveal well the dense cores. Widespread narrow SiO emission is present (over $\sim$1 pc), which may be caused by slow shocks from large--scale colliding flows or H{\sc ii} regions. Stellar feedback from an expanding H{\sc ii} region has greatly reshaped the natal clump, significantly changed the spatial distribution of gas, and may also account for the sequential high-mass star formation in the G9.62+0.19 complex. The ATOMS survey data can be jointly analyzed with other survey data, e.g., "MALT90", "Orion B", "EMPIRE", "ALMA\_IMF", and "ALMAGAL", to deepen our understandings of "dense gas" star formation scaling relations and massive proto-cluster formation.

arXiv commentpublished on MNRAS

References in corpus (123)

• Star Formation in Galaxies Along the Hubble Sequence
• The Global Schmidt Law in Star Forming Galaxies
• Star Formation in the Milky Way and Nearby Galaxies
• Simulating Galaxy Formation with the IllustrisTNG Model
• The Star Formation Law in Nearby Galaxies on Sub-Kpc Scales
• From filamentary clouds to prestellar cores to the stellar IMF: Initial highlights from the Herschel Gould Belt survey
• Properties of galaxies reproduced by a hydrodynamic simulation
• The Star Formation Rate and Dense Molecular Gas in Galaxies
• The Molecular Interstellar Medium in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
• Clouds, filaments and protostars: the Herschel Hi-GAL Milky Way
• Characterizing interstellar filaments with Herschel in IC5146
• On the Star Formation Rates in Molecular Clouds
• MAMBO Mapping of Spitzer c2d Small Clouds and Cores
• Competitive accretion in embedded stellar cluster
• Physical Conditions in Regions of Star Formation
• The Critical Density and the Effective Excitation Density of Commonly Observed Molecular Dense Gas Tracers
• The Star Formation Rate and Gas Surface Density Relation in the Milky Way: Implications for Extragalactic Studies
• Radiative torques: Analytical Model and Basic Properties
• Cores, filaments, and bundles: hierarchical core formation in the L1495/B213 Taurus region
• Star formation through gravitational collapse and competitive accretion
• Global collapse of molecular clouds as a formation mechanism for the most massive stars
• ATLASGAL --- properties of a complete sample of Galactic clumps
• Connecting Dense Gas Tracers of Star Formation in our Galaxy to High-z Star Formation
• A Minimum Column Density of 1 g cm^-2 for Massive Star Formation
• Filamentary Accretion Flows in the Embedded Serpens South Protocluster
• Feedback, Disk Self-regulation and Galaxy Formation
• The Effects of Radiative Transfer on Low-Mass Star Formation
• Star Formation Rates in Molecular Clouds and the Nature of the Extragalactic Scaling Relations
• Hierarchical fragmentation and differential star formation in the Galactic "Snake": infrared dark cloud G11.11-0.12
• Are PAHs precursors of small hydrocarbons in Photo--Dissociation Regions? The Horsehead case
• How Many Infrared Dark Clouds can form Massive Stars and Clusters?
• Star Formation Relations in Nearby Molecular Clouds
• ATLASGAL --- towards a complete sample of massive star forming clumps
• The Properties of Massive, Dense, Clumps: Mapping Surveys of HCN and CS
• An ALMA study of the Orion Integral Filament: I. Evidence for narrow fibers in a massive cloud
• Chemistry in Infrared Dark Cloud Clumps: a Molecular Line Survey at 3 mm
• Characterizing the properties of nearby molecular filaments observed with Herschel
• The ALMA Survey of 70 $\mu$m dark High-mass clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). I. Pilot Survey: Clump Fragmentation
• The anatomy of the Orion B Giant Molecular Cloud: A local template for studies of nearby galaxies
• Comparing Star Formation on Large Scales in the c2d Legacy Clouds: Bolocam 1.1 mm Dust Continuum Surveys of Serpens, Perseus, and Ophiuchus
• Fragmentation of Molecular Clumps and Formation of Protocluster
• Spectral imaging of the Central Molecular Zone in multiple 3-mm molecular lines
• A census of dense cores in the Aquila cloud complex: SPIRE/PACS observations from the Herschel Gould Belt survey
• The Fragmentation of Magnetized, Massive Star-Forming Cores with Radiative Feedback
• Evolution of PAHs in photodissociation regions: Hydrogenation and charge states
• MALT90: The Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz Survey
• Star formation relations and CO SLEDs across the J-ladder and redshift
• Why are most molecular clouds not gravitationally bound?
• The Electron Temperature Gradient in the Galactic Disk
• Hierarchical Fragmentation and Jet-like Outflows in IRDC G28.34+0.06, a Growing Massive Protostar Cluster
• The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey IX: Data Release 2 and Outer Galaxy Extension
• Parsec-scale SiO Emission in an Infrared Dark Cloud
• Compression and ablation of the photo-irradiated cloud the Orion Bar
• FellWalker - a Clump Identification Algorithm
• EMPIRE: The IRAM 30-m Dense Gas Survey of Nearby Galaxies
• eXtended CASA Line Analysis Software Suite (XCLASS)
• Molecular Line Emission as a Tool for Galaxy Observations (LEGO). I. HCN as a tracer of moderate gas densities in molecular clouds and galaxies
• The chemistry and spatial distribution of small hydrocarbons in UV-irradiated molecular clouds: the Orion Bar PDR
• Radiation-Hydrodynamic Simulations of the Formation of Orion-Like Star Clusters I. Implications for the Origin of the Initial Mass Function
• Slingshot Mechanism in Orion: Kinematic Evidence For Ejection of Protostars by Filaments
• High-J CO Versus Far-Infrared Relations in Normal and Starburst Galaxies
• Filamentary Fragmentation and Accretion in High-Mass Star-Forming Molecular Clouds
• Low-velocity shocks traced by extended SiO emission along the W43 ridges: witnessing the formation of young massive clusters
• Testing the universality of the star formation efficiency in dense molecular gas
• HCN versus HCO+ as dense molecular gas mass tracer in Luminous Infrared Galaxies
• Dense Gas Tracers and Star Formation Laws in Active Galaxies: APEX Survey of HCN J=4-3, HCO+ J=4-3, and CS J=7-6
• Ethynyl (C2H) in massive star formation: Tracing the initial conditions?
• Lambda = 3 mm line survey of nearby active galaxies
• Filamentary Accretion Flows in the Infrared Dark Cloud G14.225-0.506 Revealed by ALMA
• The Musca cloud: A 6 pc-long velocity-coherent, sonic filament
• Star Formation Relations in the Milky Way
• Resolving the fragmentation of high line-mass filaments with ALMA: the integral shaped filament in Orion A
• Chemical Evolution in High-Mass Star-Forming Regions: Results from the MALT90 Survey
• Aspect Ratio Dependence of the Free-Fall Time for Non-Spherical Symmetries
• ALMA resolves the spiraling accretion flow in the luminous OB cluster forming region G33.92+0.11
• The observed chemical structure of L1544
• Infall Signatures in a Prestellar Core embedded in the High-Mass 70 $\mu$m Dark IRDC G331.372-00.116
• Modes of Star Formation in Finite Molecular Clouds
• The Hi-GAL catalogue of dusty filamentary structures in the Galactic Plane
• A line confusion-limited millimeter survey of Orion KL. III. Sulfur oxide species
• A holistic perspective on the dynamics of G035.39-00.33: the interplay between gas and magnetic fields
• A Census of Large-Scale ($\ge$ 10 pc), Velocity-Coherent, Dense Filaments in the Northern Galactic Plane: Automated Identification Using Minimum Spanning Tree
• How to Find Young Massive Cluster Progenitors
• The role of molecular filaments in the origin of the prestellar core mass function and stellar initial mass function
• The TOP-SCOPE survey of Planck Galactic Cold Clumps: Survey overview and results of an exemplar source, PGCC G26.53+0.17
• Protostellar Outflow Heating in a Growing Massive Protocluster
• Trigonometric Parallaxes of Massive Star-Forming Regions: VII. G9.62+0.20 and the Expanding 3 KPC-ARM
• Fragmentation and OB Star Formation in High-Mass Molecular Hub-Filament System
• Investigating the Global Collapse of Filaments Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
• IRDC G030.88+00.13: A Tale of Two Massive Clumps
• ALMA reveals sequential high-mass star formation in the G9.62+0.19 complex
• Histogram of oriented gradients: a technique for the study of molecular cloud formation
• Tracing extended low-velocity shocks through SiO emission - Case study of the W43-MM1 ridge
• The JCMT Plane Survey: First complete data release - emission maps and compact source catalogue
• The statistics of triggered star formation: an overdensity of massive YSOs around Spitzer bubbles
• Star formation laws in both Galactic massive clumps and external galaxies: An extensive study with dust continuum, HCN (4-3), and CS (7-6)
• The MALATANG Survey: the L_gas-L_IR correlation on sub-kiloparsec scale in six nearby star-forming galaxies as traced by HCN J=4-3 and HCO^+ J=4-3
• Spectral imaging of the Central Molecular Zone in multiple 7-mm molecular lines
• Linking Dense Gas from the Milky Way to External Galaxies
• Slingshot Mechanism for Clusters: Gas Density Regulates Star Density in the Orion Nebula Cluster (M42)
• Chemical Segregation in Hot Cores With Disk Candidates: An investigation with ALMA
• Star Formation Occurs in Dense Gas, but What Does "Dense" Mean?
• Spatially-Resolved Dense Molecular Gas and Star Formation Rate in M51
• High-mass Starless Clumps in the inner Galactic Plane: the Sample and Dust Properties
• SCOPE: SCUBA-2 Continuum Observations of Pre-protostellar Evolution - Survey Description and Compact Source Catalogue
• The Formation Conditions of the Wide Binary Class 0 Protostars within BHR 71
• Infall and outflow motions in the high-mass star forming complex G9.62+0.19
• The chemical structure of the very young starless core L1521E
• Investigating fragmentation of gas structures in OB cluster-forming molecular clump G33.92+0.11 with 1000 AU resolution observations of ALMA
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- II. Compact objects in ACA observations and star formation scaling relations
• SMA Observations of W3(OH) Complex: Physical and Chemical Differentiation between W3(H${}_2$O) and W3(OH)
• Interstellar Plunging Waves: ALMA resolves the physical structure of non-stationary MHD shocks
• Gas velocity structure of the Orion A Integral Shaped Filament
• Widespread SiO and CH3OH emission in Filamentary Infrared Dark Clouds
• ALMA reveals the magnetic field evolution in the high-mass star forming complex G9.62+0.19
• The Galactic Census of High- and Medium-mass Protostars. III ${}^{12}$CO Maps and Physical Properties of Dense Clump Envelopes and their Embedding GMCs
• SMA CO(2-1) Observations of CG30: A Protostellar Binary System with a High-Velocity Quadrupolar Molecular Outflow
• Large-scale molecular gas distribution in the M17 cloud complex: dense gas conditions of massive star formation?
• The physical and chemical structure of Sagittarius B2. III. Radiative transfer simulations of the hot core SgrB2(M) for methyl cyanide
• ALMA Observations of Ethyl Formate toward Orion KL
• Compressed magnetic field in the magnetically-regulated global collapsing clump of G9.62+0.19
• Determining electron temperature and density in a H II region by using the relative strengths of hydrogen radio recombination lines
• Observational study of hydrocarbons in the bright photodissociation region of Messier 8

Cited by in corpus (54)

• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XI. From inflow to infall in hub-filament systems
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XV. Steady Accretion from Global Collapse to Core Feeding in Massive Hub-filament System SDC335
• ATOMS:ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- III :Catalogues of candidate hot molecular cores and Hyper/Ultra compact HII regions
• Evidence of high-mass star formation through multi-scale mass accretion in hub-filament-system clouds
• The ALMA Survey of 70 μm Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). VIII. Dynamics of Embedded Dense Cores
• Direct observational evidence of the multi-scale, dynamical mass accretion toward a high-mass star forming hub-filament system
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- VIII. A search for hot cores by using C${}_2$H${}_5$CN, CH${}_3$OCHO and CH${}_3$OH lines
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions-IX. A pilot study towards IRDC G034.43+00.24 on multi-scale structures and gas kinematics
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- II. Compact objects in ACA observations and star formation scaling relations
• High-resolution APEX/LAsMA ${}^{12}$CO and ${}^{13}$CO (3-2) observation of the G333 giant molecular cloud complex : I. Evidence for gravitational acceleration in hub-filament systems
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XII: Fragmentation and multi-scale gas kinematics in protoclusters G12.42+0.50 and G19.88-0.53
• The hierarchical fragmentation of filaments and the role of sub-filaments
• ALMA-IMF XI: The sample of hot core candidates A rich population of young high-mass proto-stars unveiled by the emission of methyl formate
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -XIV. Properties of resolved UC Hii regions
• HyGAL: Characterizing the Galactic ISM with observations of hydrides and other small molecules -- I. Survey description and a first look toward W3(OH), W3 IRS5 and NGC 7538 IRS1
• Physical and chemical complexity in high-mass star-forming regions with ALMA. I. Overview and evolutionary trends of physical properties
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -XIII. Ongoing triggered star formation within clump-fed scenario found in the massive ($\sim 1500$ ${\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) clump
• An ALMA study of outflow parameters of protoclusters: outflow feedback to maintain the turbulence
• The accretion burst of the massive young stellar object G323.46 -0.08
• ALMA-IMF XIII: N${}_2$H${}^{+}$ kinematic analysis on the intermediate protocluster G353.41
• A Q-band line survey towards Orion KL using the Tianma radio telescope
• SiO Outflows as Tracers of Massive Star Formation in Infrared Dark Clouds
• Correlations of Methyl Formate (CH3OCHO), Dimethyl Ether (CH3OCH3) and Ketene (H2CCO) in High-mass Star-forming Regions
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- VI. On the formation of the "L" type filament in G286.21+0.17
• Complex organic molecules uncover deeply embedded precursors of hot cores
• The parallax and 3D kinematics of water masers in the massive star-forming region G034.43+0.24
• Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) Science: Our Galaxy
• The evolution of HCO${}^{+}$ in molecular clouds using a novel chemical post-processing algorithm
• G133.50+9.01: A likely cloud-cloud collision complex triggering the formation of filaments, cores and a stellar cluster
• The ALMA-ATOMS survey: Vibrationally excited HC${}_3$N lines in hot cores
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- VII. A catalogue of SiO clumps from ACA observations
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- IV. Radio Recombination Lines and evolution of star formation efficiencies
• ALMAGAL IV. Morphological comparison of molecular and thermal dust emission using the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) method
• The evolution of the internal structure of massive star forming regions in the Milky Way as revealed by ALMA
• Carbon-chain molecule survey toward four low-mass molecular outflow sources
• A misaligned protostellar disk fed by gas streamers in a barred spiral-like massive dense core
• Spatial distributions and kinematics of shocked and ionized gas in M17
• HyGAL: Characterizing the Galactic ISM with observations of hydrides and other small molecules II. The absorption line survey with the IRAM 30 m telescope
• ALMAGAL VI. The spatial distribution of dense cores during the evolution of cluster-forming massive clump
• ALMAGAL V. Relations between the core populations and the parent clump physical properties
• A new measurement of the Galactic ${}^{12}$C/${}^{13}$C gradient from sensitive HCO${}^{+}$ absorption observations
• Different molecular filament widths as tracers of accretion onto filaments
• The ALMA Survey of 70 $\mu$m Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). XII. Unanchored Forked Stream in the Propagating Path of a Protostellar Outflow
• Study of Complex Nitrogen and Oxygen-bearing Molecules toward the High-mass Protostar IRAS 18089$-$1732
• Random gas motions inside sub-parsec scale supercritical filaments
• Turbulent Pressure Heats Gas and Suppresses Star Formation in Galactic Bar Molecular Clouds
• Synthetic ngVLA line observations of a massive star-forming cloud
• A High-Mass Young Star-forming Core Escaping from Its Parental Filament
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XIX. The origin of SiO emission
• Low-redshift analogues of cosmic noon galaxies as laboratories for clumpy star formation
• Origins of the shocks in high-mass starless clump candidates
• The ALMA-QUARKS survey: Extensive detection of acetamide in multiple high-mass star-forming regions
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- V. Hierarchical fragmentation and gas dynamics in IRDC G034.43+00.24
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- X. Chemical differentiation among the massive cores in G9.62+0.19