Continuity of accretion from clumps to Class 0 high-mass protostars in SDC335

Abstract

The IRDC SDC335.579-0.292 (SDC335) is a massive star-forming cloud found to be globally collapsing towards one of the most massive star forming cores in the Galaxy. SDC335 hosts three high-mass protostellar objects at early stages of their evolution and archival ALMA Cycle 0 data indicate the presence of at least one molecular outflow in the region. Observations of molecular outflows from massive protostellar objects allow us to estimate the accretion rates of the protostars as well as to assess the disruptive impact that stars have on their natal clouds. The aim of this work is to identify and analyse the properties of the protostellar-driven molecular outflows within SDC335 and use these outflows to help refine the properties of the protostars. We imaged the molecular outflows in SDC335 using new data from the ATCA of SiO and Class I CH${}_3$OH maser emission (~3 arcsec) alongside observations of four CO transitions made with APEX and archival ALMA CO, ${}^{13}$CO (~1 arcsec), and HNC data. We introduced a generalised argument to constrain outflow inclination angles based on observed outflow properties. We used the properties of each outflow to infer the accretion rates on the protostellar sources driving them and to deduce the evolutionary characteristics of the sources. We identify three molecular outflows in SDC335, one associated with each of the known compact HII regions. The outflow properties show that the SDC335 protostars are in the early stages (Class 0) of their evolution, with the potential to form stars in excess of 50 M${}_{\odot }$. The measured total accretion rate onto the protostars is $1.4(\pm 0.1)\times 10^{-3}$M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$, comparable to the total mass infall rate toward the cloud centre on parsec scales of 2.5$(\pm 1.0)\times 10^{-3}$M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$, suggesting a near-continuous flow of material from cloud to core scales. [abridged].

Accepted for publication in A&A. 26 Pages, 17 Figures (+ 4 figures in appendix), 7 Tables, abridged abstract

References in corpus (13)

• A Catalog of Extended Green Objects (EGOs) in the GLIMPSE Survey: A new sample of massive young stellar object outflow candidates
• The relation between gas and dust in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• A Class I and Class II Methanol Maser Survey of Extended Green Objects (EGOs) from the GLIMPSE Survey
• Fragmentation of Molecular Clumps and Formation of Protocluster
• An Unstable Truth: How Massive Stars get their Mass
• The Luminosity Functions and Timescales of MYSOs and Compact HII regions
• Impact of Protostellar Outflows on Turbulence and Star Formation Efficiency in Magnetized Dense Cores
• SiO emission from low- and high-velocity shocks in Cygnus-X massive dense clumps
• Zooming in on Individual Star Formation: Low- and High-mass Stars
• The Role of Outflows, Radiation Pressure, and Magnetic Fields in Massive Star Formation
• A multi-transition molecular line study of candidate massive young stellar objects associated with methanol masers
• Environment and Protostellar Evolution
• Tightening the belt: Constraining the mass and evolution in SDC335

Cited by in corpus (14)

• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XV. Steady Accretion from Global Collapse to Core Feeding in Massive Hub-filament System SDC335
• An ALMA study of hub-filament systems I. On the clump mass concentration within the most massive cores
• Direct observational evidence of the multi-scale, dynamical mass accretion toward a high-mass star forming hub-filament system
• Digging into the Interior of Hot Cores with ALMA (DIHCA). I. Dissecting the High-mass Star-Forming Core G335.579-0.292 MM1
• Effects of the environment on the multiplicity properties of stars in the STARFORGE simulations
• A Massive Star is Born: How Feedback from Stellar Winds, Radiation Pressure, and Collimated Outflows Limits Accretion onto Massive Stars
• Digging into the Interior of Hot Cores with ALMA (DIHCA). II. Exploring the Inner Binary (Multiple) System Embedded in G335 MM1 ALMA1
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -XIII. Ongoing triggered star formation within clump-fed scenario found in the massive ($\sim 1500$ ${\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) clump
• Multiscale Dynamical Scenario of High-mass Star Formation in an IRDC Filament G34
• ALMA-IMF XVII -- Census and lifetime of high-mass prestellar cores in 14 massive protoclusters
• Digging into the Interior of Hot Cores with ALMA (DIHCA). VII. Disk candidates around high-mass stars and evidence of anisotropic infall
• A new phase of massive star formation? A luminous outflow cavity centred on an infrared quiet core
• The High-resolution Accretion Disks of Embedded protoStars (HADES) simulations. I. Impact of Protostellar Magnetic Fields on the Accretion Modes
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- V. Hierarchical fragmentation and gas dynamics in IRDC G034.43+00.24