Multiscale, multiwavelength extraction of sources and filaments using separation of the structural components: getsf

Abstract

High-quality astronomical images delivered by modern ground-based and space observatories demand adequate, reliable software for their analysis and accurate extraction of sources, filaments, and other structures, containing massive amounts of detailed information about the complex physical processes in space. The multiwavelength observations with highly variable angular resolutions across wavebands require extraction tools that preserve and use the invaluable high-resolution information. This paper presents getsf, a new method for extracting sources and filaments in astronomical images using separation of their structural components, designed to handle multiwavelength sets of images and very complex filamentary backgrounds. The method spatially decomposes the original images and separates the structural components of sources and filaments from each other and from their backgrounds, flattening their resulting images. It spatially decomposes the flattened components, combines them over wavelengths, detects the positions of sources and skeletons of filaments, and measures the detected sources and filaments. This paper presents a realistic multiwavelength set of simulated benchmark images that can serve as the standard benchmark problem to evaluate qualities of source- and filament-extraction methods. This paper describes hires, an improved algorithm for the derivation of high-resolution surface densities from the multiwavelength far-infrared Herschel images. The algorithm allows creating the surface densities with angular resolutions that reach 5.6 arcsec, when the 70 micron image is used. The codes getsf and hires are illustrated by their applications to a variety of images, from the X-ray domain to the millimeter wavelengths.

37 pages, 25 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics, final language-edited version

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Cited by in corpus (40)

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• Evidence of high-mass star formation through multi-scale mass accretion in hub-filament-system clouds
• ALMA-IMF. V. Prestellar and protostellar core populations in the W43 cloud complex
• Filament coalescence and hub structure in MonR2: Implications to massive star and cluster formation
• ALMA-IMF VI -- Investigating the origin of stellar masses: Core mass function evolution in the W43-MM2&MM3 mini-starburst
• PHANGS-JWST First Results: The Dust Filament Network of NGC 628 and its Relation to Star Formation Activity
• ALMA-IMF XV: The core mass function in the high-mass star-formation regime
• The JCMT BISTRO Survey: A Spiral Magnetic Field in a Hub-filament Structure, Monoceros R2
• Strong dependence of the physical properties of cores on spatial resolution in observations and simulations
• ALMA-IMF XI: The sample of hot core candidates A rich population of young high-mass proto-stars unveiled by the emission of methyl formate
• Velocity structure of the 50 pc-long NGC 6334 filamentary cloud: Hints of multiple compressions and their impact on the cloud properties?
• Simultaneous evidence of edge collapse and hub-filament configurations: A rare case study of a Giant Molecular Filament G45.3+0.1
• ALMA-IMF. VII. First release of the full spectral line cubes: Core kinematics traced by DCN J=(3-2)
• Probing the structure of a massive filament: ArTeMiS 350 and 450 micron mapping of the integral-shaped filament in Orion A
• Supervised machine learning on Galactic filaments Revealing the filamentary structure of the Galactic interstellar medium
• Unraveling the observational signatures of cloud-cloud collision and hub-filament systems in W31
• ALMA-IMF X -- The core population in the evolved W33-Main (G012.80) protocluster
• Multicomponent, multiwavelength benchmarks for source- and filament-extraction methods
• ALMA-IMF XIII: N${}_2$H${}^{+}$ kinematic analysis on the intermediate protocluster G353.41
• AFGL 5180 and AFGL 6366S: sites of hub-filament systems at the opposite edges of a filamentary cloud
• ALMA-IMF XVI: Mass-averaged temperature of cores and protostellar luminosities in the ALMA-IMF protoclusters
• Will ALMA Reveal the True Core Mass Function of Protoclusters?
• ALMA-IMF XVII -- Census and lifetime of high-mass prestellar cores in 14 massive protoclusters
• Properties of the dense cores and filamentary structures in the Vela C molecular cloud
• A graph theory-based multi-scale analysis of hierarchical cascade in molecular clouds : Application to the NGC 2264 region
• RJ-plots: An improved method to classify structures objectively
• IC 5146 dark Streamer: is a first reliable candidate of edge collapse, hub-filament systems, and intertwined sub-filaments?
• ALMA-IMF XVIII: The assembly of a star cluster: Dense N${}_2$H${}^{+}$ (1-0) kinematics in the massive G351.77 protocluster
• Core to ultracompact HII region evolution in the W49A massive protocluster
• Probing the filamentary nature of star formation in the California giant molecular cloud
• Dual-band Unified Exploration of Three CMZ Clouds (DUET). Cloud-wide census of continuum sources showing low spectral indices
• $Herschel$ investigation of cores and filamentary structures in the Perseus molecular cloud
• Structure and Kinematics of Sh2-138 -- A distant hub-filament system in the outer Galactic plane
• Inaccuracies and biases of the Gaussian size deconvolution for extracted sources and filaments
• A Deep Neural Network Approach to Compact Source Removal
• Scale-dependent surface and volume density properties of filaments in molecular clouds
• Interstellar filament detection and characterization: methods and implications for studies of magnetized interstellar medium
• The dominance of turbulence over magnetism in the formation of massive star cluster seeds
• A complete survey of filaments in Cygnus X