Unveiling the nature of the unidentified gamma-ray sources 4FGL J1908.6+0915e, HESS J1907+089/HOTS J1907+091, and 3HWC J1907+085 in the sky region of the magnetar SGR 1900+14

Abstract

Supernova remnants (SNRs), star formation regions (SFRs), and pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are prime candidates for Galactic PeVatrons. The nonthermal high-energy (HE, $\epsilon >100\text{ MeV}$) and very high-energy (VHE, $\epsilon >100\text{ GeV}$) $\gamma$-ray emission from these sources should be a promising manifestation of acceleration processes. We investigate the possibility to explain the HE and VHE $\gamma$-ray emission from the sky region of the magnetar SGR 1900+14 as a signature of cosmic rays accelerated in above mentioned sources. To this end, we simulate the $\gamma$-ray emission from the extended Fermi-LAT HE source 4FGL J1908.6+0915e, the extended VHE H.E.S.S. source candidate HOTS J1907+091, and the point-like HAWC TeV source 3HWC J1907+085, which are spatially coincident with the SNR G42.8+0.6, the magnetar SGR 1900+14 and the star forming region W49A. The simulations are performed within the hadronic and leptonic models. We show that the observed $\gamma$-ray emission from the region of the magnetar SGR 1900+14 can, in principle, include contributions of different intensities from all three types of (potentially confused) sources. The considered in detail cases of a magnetar-connected but still undetected SNR and a PWN are the most promising ones, but with a serious requirement on the energy reserve of radiated CR particles - of order of $10^{51}{d}_{\text{10kpc}}^2$ erg for sources at a distance of $d\sim 10$ kpc. Such energy reserve can be provided by the magnetar-related Hypernova and/or magnetar wind nebula remnant created by the newborn millisecond magnetar with the large supply of rotational energy $E_{\text{rot}}\sim 10^{52}\text{ erg}$.

13 pages, 7 figures; version 2: paper was significantly revised and rewritten following comments from the referee, matches the version accepted for publication in MNRAS

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