The 2HWC HAWC Observatory Gamma Ray Catalog

Abstract

We present the first catalog of TeV gamma-ray sources realized with the recently completed High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC). It is the most sensitive wide field-of-view TeV telescope currently in operation, with a 1-year survey sensitivity of ~5-10% of the flux of the Crab Nebula. With an instantaneous field of view >1.5 sr and >90% duty cycle, it continuously surveys and monitors the sky for gamma ray energies between hundreds GeV and tens of TeV. HAWC is located in Mexico at a latitude of 19 degree North and was completed in March 2015. Here, we present the 2HWC catalog, which is the result of the first source search realized with the complete HAWC detector. Realized with 507 days of data and represents the most sensitive TeV survey to date for such a large fraction of the sky. A total of 39 sources were detected, with an expected contamination of 0.5 due to background fluctuation. Out of these sources, 16 are more than one degree away from any previously reported TeV source. The source list, including the position measurement, spectrum measurement, and uncertainties, is reported. Seven of the detected sources may be associated with pulsar wind nebulae, two with supernova remnants, two with blazars, and the remaining 23 have no firm identification yet.

Submitted 2017/02/09 to the Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (17)

• The ATNF Pulsar Catalogue
• Observation of the Crab Nebula with the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory
• The First VERITAS Telescope
• The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part I: The hardware improvements and the commissioning of the system
• Milagro Observations of Multi-TeV Emission from Galactic Sources in the Fermi Bright Source List
• HESS VHE Gamma-Ray Sources Without Identified Counterparts
• Energy dependent gamma-ray morphology in the Pulsar wind nebula HESSJ1825-137
• Identification of the TeV Gamma-ray Source ARGO J2031+4157 with the Cygnus Cocoon
• Spatially Resolving the Very High Energy emission from MGRO J2019+37 with VERITAS
• Daily monitoring of TeV gamma-ray emission from Mrk 421, Mrk 501, and the Crab Nebula with HAWC
• Chandra Observation of PSR B1823-13 and its Pulsar Wind Nebula
• A search for new supernova remnant shells in the Galactic plane with H.E.S.S
• Investigating the TeV Morphology of MGRO J1908+06 with VERITAS
• Evidence for TeV gamma ray emission from TeV J2032+4130 in Whipple archival data
• Discovery of a Highly Energetic X-ray Pulsar Powering HESS J1813-178 in the Young Supernova Remnant G12.82-0.02
• Observation of TeV gamma-rays from the unidentified source HESS J1841-055 with the ARGO-YBJ experiment
• MAGIC Upper Limits for two Milagro-detected, Bright Fermi Sources in the Region of SNR G65.1+0.6

Cited by in corpus (171)

• Extended gamma-ray sources around pulsars constrain the origin of the positron flux at Earth
• The H.E.S.S. Galactic plane survey
• Observation of the Crab Nebula with the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory
• Multiple Galactic Sources with Emission Above 56 TeV Detected by HAWC
• First Detection of sub-PeV Diffuse Gamma Rays from the Galactic Disk: Evidence for Ubiquitous Galactic Cosmic Rays beyond PeV Energies
• 3HWC: The Third HAWC Catalog of Very-High-Energy Gamma-ray Sources
• HAWC Observations Strongly Favor Pulsar Interpretations of the Cosmic-Ray Positron Excess
• Very high energy particle acceleration powered by the jets of the microquasar SS 433
• Measurement of the Crab Nebula Spectrum Past 100 TeV with HAWC
• Sensitivity of the KM3NeT/ARCA neutrino telescope to point-like neutrino sources
• Extended Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission Surrounding PSR J0622 + 3749 Observed by LHAASO-KM2A
• Using HAWC to Discover Invisible Pulsars
• On the TeV Halo Fraction in gamma-ray bright Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• HAWC observations of the acceleration of very-high-energy cosmic rays in the Cygnus Cocoon
• Self-Generated Cosmic-Ray Confinement in TeV Halos: Implications for TeV Gamma-Ray Emission and the Positron Excess
• Diffuse Galactic gamma ray flux at very high energy
• Detection of a $\gamma$-ray halo around Geminga with the Fermi-LAT and implications for the positron flux
• Inference of the Local Interstellar Spectra of Cosmic Ray Nuclei Z<=28 with the GalProp-HelMod Framework
• Lessons from HAWC PWNe observations: the diffusion constant is not a constant; Pulsars remain the likeliest sources of the anomalous positron fraction; Cosmic rays are trapped for long periods of time in pockets of inefficient diffusion
• Pulsar wind nebulae with bow shocks: non-thermal radiation and cosmic ray leptons
• Two-zone diffusion of electrons and positrons from Geminga explains the positron anomaly
• Gammapy: A Python package for gamma-ray astronomy
• First all-flavour Neutrino Point-like Source Search with the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope
• TeV Halos are Everywhere: Prospects for New Discoveries
• Particle Transport within the Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1825-137
• Pulsar Wind Nebulae Created by Fast-Moving Pulsars
• Positron flux and gamma-ray emission from Geminga pulsar and pulsar wind nebula
• The Hunt for Pevatrons: The Case of Supernova Remnants
• HAWC J2227+610 and its association with G106.3+2.7, a new potential Galactic PeVatron
• A Search for Dark Matter in the Galactic Halo with HAWC
• Evidences of low-diffusion bubbles around Galactic pulsars
• A Very High Energy $\gamma$-Ray Survey towards the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy
• Pulsar TeV Halos Explain the TeV Excess Observed by Milagro
• Evidence of 200 TeV photons from HAWC J1825-134
• Constraints on Spin-Dependent Dark Matter Scattering with Long-Lived Mediators from TeV Observations of the Sun with HAWC
• ASTRI Mini-Array Core Science at the Observatorio del Teide
• Self-Generated Cosmic-Ray Turbulence Can Explain the Morphology of TeV Halos
• Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet
• Millisecond Pulsars, TeV Halos, and Implications For The Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• Explanation of the knee-like feature in the DAMPE cosmic $e^{-}+e^{+}$ energy spectrum
• Energy dependent morphology of the pulsar wind nebula HESS J1825-137 with Fermi-LAT
• A new lepto-hadronic model applied to the first simultaneous multiwavelength data set for Cygnus X--1
• Measuring the Local Diffusion Coefficient with H.E.S.S. Observations of Very High-Energy Electrons
• IceCube Search for High-Energy Neutrino Emission from TeV Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• GeV observations of the extended pulsar wind nebulae constrain the pulsar interpretations of the cosmic-ray positron excess
• VERITAS and Fermi-LAT observations of new HAWC sources
• The Highest Energy HAWC Sources are Likely Leptonic and Powered by Pulsars
• Evidence of TeV Halos Around Millisecond Pulsars
• Identification of plasma modes in Galactic turbulence with synchrotron polarization
• Studying the Milky Way Pulsar Population with Cosmic-Ray Leptons
• Constraining positron emission from pulsar populations with AMS-02 data
• Sizing up the population of gamma-ray binaries
• Modelling the Galactic very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray source population
• First HAWC Observations of the Sun Constrain Steady TeV Gamma-Ray Emission
• Cosmic-Ray Positrons Strongly Constrain Leptophilic Dark Matter
• Detection of extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with H.E.S.S
• Where are Milky Way's Hadronic PeVatrons?
• Investigating the nature of MGRO J1908+06 with multiwavelength observations
• TeV emission of Galactic plane sources with HAWC and H.E.S.S
• Reanalyze the pulsar scenario to explain the cosmic positron excess considering the recent developments
• Gamma-ray Observation of the Cygnus Region in the 100 TeV Energy Region
• Anisotropic diffusion cannot explain TeV halo observations
• Ground-based Gamma-Ray Astronomy: an Introduction
• Flux Distribution of Gamma-Ray Emission in Blazars: The Example of Mrk 501
• Searching for the possible signal of the photon-axionlike particle oscillation in the combined GeV and TeV spectra of supernova remnants
• On the anomalously large extension of the Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1825-137
• Gamma-Ray Astrophysics
• On the potential of Cherenkov Telescope Arrays and KM3 Neutrino Telescopes for the detection of extended sources
• Long-term spectra of the blazars Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 at TeV energies seen by HAWC
• Ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray interactions as the origin of very high energy $\gamma -$rays from BL Lacs
• Features in the Spectrum of Cosmic-Ray Positrons from Pulsars
• A survey of active galaxies at TeV photon energies with the HAWC gamma-ray observatory
• Using Interstellar Clouds to Search for Galactic PeVatrons: Gamma-ray Signatures from Supernova Remnants
• GeV emission in the region of HESS J1809-193 and HESS J1813-178: is HESS J1809-193 a proton pevatron?
• High-energy gamma-ray study of the dynamically young SNR G150.3+4.5
• Deciphering Residual Emissions: Time-Dependent Models for the Non-Thermal Interstellar Radiation from the Milky Way
• Search for continuous gravitational waves from ten H.E.S.S. sources using a hidden Markov model
• Investigating $\gamma$-ray halos around three HAWC bright sources in Fermi-LAT data
• Is HESS J1912+101 associated with an old Supernova Remnant?
• The contribution of Galactic TeV pulsar wind nebulae to Fermi-LAT diffuse emission
• The TeV gamma-ray luminosity of the Milky-Way and the contribution of H.E.S.S. unresolved sources to VHE diffuse emission
• Toward understanding the physical underpinnings of spatial and spectral morphologies of pulsar wind nebulae
• Utilizing cosmic-ray positron and electron observations to probe the averaged properties of Milky Way pulsars
• Diffuse Ultra-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission From TeV Halos
• Multiwavelength investigation of the candidate Galactic PeVatron MGRO J1908+06
• The HAWC real-time flare monitor for rapid detection of transient events
• Introduction to multi-messenger astronomy
• On the search for Galactic supernova remnant PeVatrons with current TeV instruments
• Outflow and Emission Model of Pulsar Wind Nebulae with the Back-reaction of Particle Diffusion
• Novel Gamma-Ray Signatures of PeV-Scale Dark Matter
• The LHAASO PeVatron bright sky: what we learned
• Search for PeV Gamma-Ray Emission from the Southern Hemisphere with 5 Years of Data from the IceCube Observatory
• A Search for TeV Gamma-ray Emission from Pulsar Tails by VERITAS
• Probing the Sea of Cosmic Rays by Measuring Gamma-Ray Emission from Passive Giant Molecular Clouds with HAWC
• Connecting the ISM to TeV PWNe and PWNe candidates
• Prospects for a survey of the Galactic plane with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Gamma-ray halos around pulsars: impact on pulsar wind physics and galactic cosmic ray transport
• Multiwavelength constraints on the unidentified Galactic TeV sources HESS J1427$-$608, HESS J1458$-$608, and new VHE $\gamma$-ray source candidates
• Detection prospects of very and ultra high-energy gamma rays from extended sources with ASTRI, CTA, and LHAASO
• Discovery of a spatially extended GeV source in the vicinity of the TeV halo candidate 2HWC J1912+099: a TeV halo or supernova remnant ?
• Galactic Observatory Science with the ASTRI Mini-Array at the Observatorio del Teide
• Constraints on Hadronic Contribution to LHAASO Sources with Neutrino Observations
• Searching for Dark Matter Sub-structure with HAWC
• A self-consistent model of cosmic-ray fluxes and positron excess: Roles of nearby pulsars and a sub-dominant source population
• Multiwavelength Investigation of Pulsar Wind Nebula DA 495 with HAWC, VERITAS, and NuSTAR
• Diffuse axion-like particle searches
• Positron Excess from Cosmic Ray Interactions in Galactic Molecular Clouds
• Observation of gamma rays up to 320 TeV from the middle-aged TeV pulsar wind nebula HESS J1849$-$000
• Study of the GeV to TeV morphology of the $\gamma$-Cygni SNR (G78.2+2.1) with MAGIC and Fermi-LAT
• Identifying Galactic Sources of High-Energy Neutrinos
• Search for new cosmic-ray acceleration sites within the 4FGL catalog Galactic plane sources
• Spectral study of very high energy gamma rays from SS 433 with HAWC
• Investigating the radiative properties of LHAASO J1908+0621
• The Southern Wide-Field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO)
• Searching for TeV Dark Matter in Irregular dwarf galaxies with HAWC Observatory
• $\gamma$-ray Emission from Classical Nova V392 Per: Measurements from Fermi and HAWC
• Discovery of TeV $\gamma$-ray emission from the neighbourhood of the supernova remnant G24.7+0.6 by MAGIC
• MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray results on unassociated HAWC sources
• Cosmic ray diffusion in magnetic fields amplified by nonlinear turbulent dynamo
• Constraints to dark matter annihilation from high-latitude HAWC unidentified sources
• Studying the nature of the unidentified gamma-ray source HESS J1841-055 with the MAGIC telescopes
• Dependence of accessible dark matter annihilation cross-sections on the density profiles of dwarf spheroidal galaxies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Measurement of the Gamma-Ray Energy Spectrum beyond 100 TeV from the HESS J1843$-$033 Region
• Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex
• The Making of Catalogues of Very-High-Energy γ-ray Sources
• Neutrinos from the gamma-ray source eHWC J1825-134: predictions for Km${}^3$ detectors
• Disclosing the catalog pulsars dominating the Galactic positron flux
• The kinematic distances of SNR G16.7+0.1 and G15.9+0.2 by analyzing HI absorption spectra
• High-energy studies of the 3HWC J1954+286 region: likely Gamma-ray detection of the supernova remnant G65.1+0.6
• Observing the Energetic Universe at Very High Energies with the VERITAS Gamma Ray Observatory
• Dissecting the emission from LHAASO J0341+5258: implications for future multi-wavelength observations
• Exploring TeV candidates of Fermi blazars through machine learning
• Multi-wavelength observations of 2HWC J1928+177: dark accelerator or new TeV gamma-ray binary?
• Investigating the energy distribution of the high-energy particles in the Crab nebula
• A gamma-ray study of galactic PeVatron candidates LHAASO J1825-1326 and LHAASO J1839-0545
• HAWC and Fermi-LAT Detection of Extended Emission from the Unidentified Source 2HWC J2006+341
• Absence of TeV halos around millisecond pulsars
• Detecting the brightest HAWC sources with IceCube in the upcoming years
• The Cherenkov Telescope Array Will Test Whether Pulsars Generate the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• Strong Constraints on Dark Photon and Scalar Dark Matter Decay from INTEGRAL and AMS-02 data
• HESS J1858+020: A GeV-TeV source possibly powered by CRs from SNR G35.6-0.4
• Chandra X-ray Observations of PSR J1849-0001, its Pulsar Wind Nebula, and the TeV Source HESS J1849-000
• HAWC Study of Very-High-Energy $\gamma$-ray Spectrum of HAWC J1844-034
• Constraints on the Emission of Gamma Rays from M31 with HAWC
• Probing the extragalactic mid-infrared background with HAWC
• Quantitative constraint on the contribution of resolved gamma-ray sources to the sub-PeV Galactic diffuse gamma-ray flux measured by the Tibet ASγ experiment
• Possible counterpart signal of the Fermi bubbles at the cosmic-ray positrons
• Searching for TeV emission from LHAASO J0341+5258 with VERITAS and HAWC
• HAWC Search for High-Mass Microquasars
• Cosmic Rays and Non-thermal Emission Induced by Accretion of Cool Gas onto the Galactic Disk
• MAGIC observations on Pulsar Wind Nebulae around high spin-down power Fermi-LAT pulsars
• Discrete treatment of inverse Compton scattering: implications on parameter estimation in gamma-ray astronomy
• The Potential for Hadronic Particle Acceleration in Galactic Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• First constraints on axion-like particles from Galactic sub-PeV gamma rays
• Unveiling the nature of the unidentified gamma-ray sources 4FGL J1908.6+0915e, HESS J1907+089/HOTS J1907+091, and 3HWC J1907+085 in the sky region of the magnetar SGR 1900+14
• Blois 2019: highlights and outlook
• Ancient Pulsar Wind Nebulae as a natural explanation for unidentified gamma-ray sources
• Analysis of the Emission and Morphology of the Pulsar Wind Nebula Candidate HAWC J2031+415
• HAWC J0630+186 Could Not Be Powered by PSR J0630+19
• The pulsar wind nebula around B1853+01 in X-rays
• Highlights of Galactic Physics with VERITAS
• Hadronic Scenario for Galactic PeVatron LHAASO J1912+1014u Supported by Fermi-LAT $\gamma$-ray Data and FUGIN CO Data
• A Survey of TeV emission from Galactic Supernova Remnants with HAWC
• Exploring the nature of 2HWC J2006+341 with HAWC and Fermi-LAT
• Investigation of the Microquasar SS 433 with VERITAS
• INTEGRAL View of TeV Sources: A Legacy for the CTA Project
• Search for TeV emission from spider millisecond pulsars with HAWC
• Morphology of supernova remnants and their halos
• A maximum-likelihood-based technique for detecting extended gamma-ray sources with VERITAS
• Pulsars in a Bubble? Following Electron Diffusion in the Galaxy with TeV Gamma Rays
• HAWC Study of the Ultra-High-Energy Spectrum of MGRO J1908+06