Pulsar-Wind Nebulae: Recent Progress in Observations and Theory

Abstract

In this review we describe recent observational and theoretical developments in our understanding of pulsar winds and pulsar-wind nebulae (PWNe). We put special emphasis on the results from observations of well-characterized PWNe of various types (e.g., torus-jet and bowshock-tail), the most recent MHD modeling efforts, and the status of the flaring Crab PWN puzzle.

60 pages, 20 figures; slightly modified version of the article published in Space Science Reviews; citations added in the revised version

References in corpus (35)

• Observations of the Crab Nebula with H.E.S.S
• Formation of Hard Power-laws in the Energetic Particle Spectra Resulting from Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection
• Gamma-ray flares from the Crab Nebula
• Discovery of Powerful Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula
• Milagro Observations of Multi-TeV Emission from Galactic Sources in the Fermi Bright Source List
• First detection of a VHE gamma-ray spectral maximum from a Cosmic source: H.E.S.S. discovery of the Vela X nebula
• A Dynamical Model for the Evolution of a Pulsar Wind Nebula inside a Non-Radiative Supernova Remnant
• Energy dependent gamma-ray morphology in the Pulsar wind nebula HESSJ1825-137
• Discovery of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from the Binary System PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 Around Periastron with Fermi
• When A Standard Candle Flickers
• Pulsar Wind Nebulae as Cosmic Pevatrons: A Current Sheet's Tale
• Simulated synchrotron emission from Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• TeV lightcurve of PSR B1259-63/SS2883
• Particle acceleration in the driven relativistic reconnection
• Non-thermal emission from relativistic MHD simulations of PWNe: from synchrotron to inverse Compton
• Tearing instability in relativistic magnetically dominated plasmas
• X-ray Observations of Parsec-Scale Tails behind Two Middle-Aged Pulsars
• Balmer-Dominated Shocks Revisited
• On the X-ray feature associated with the Guitar Nebula
• Variable gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula: short flares and long "waves"
• Three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of asymmetric pulsar wind bow shocks
• Unraveling the high-energy emission components of gamma-ray binaries
• X-ray emission properties of the old pulsar PSR B2224+65
• Constraints on particle acceleration sites in the Crab Nebula from relativistic MHD simulations
• Probing the radio to X-ray connection of the Vela X PWN with Fermi LAT and H.E.S.S
• Probing the Nature of the Vela X Cocoon
• Investigating the magnetic inclination angle distribution of $\gamma$-ray-loud radio pulsars
• X-ray analysis of the proper motion and pulsar wind nebula for PSR J1741-2054
• A statistical model for the $\gamma$-ray variability of the Crab nebula
• The magnetic field topology in the reconnecting pulsar magnetosphere
• High-energy observations of PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 through the 2014 periastron passage: connecting X-rays to the GeV flare
• Gamma-Ray Emission from PWNe Interacting with Molecular Clouds
• Discovery of X-ray Pulsations from the INTEGRAL Source IGR J11014-6103
• The variability of the Crab Nebula in radio: No radio counterpart to gamma-ray flares
• HST optical polarimetry of the Vela pulsar & nebula

Cited by in corpus (61)

• Relativistic Shocks: Particle Acceleration and Magnetization
• Cosmic Ray Transport in the Galaxy: a Review
• On the TeV Halo Fraction in gamma-ray bright Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• Pulsar wind nebulae with bow shocks: non-thermal radiation and cosmic ray leptons
• Pulsar Wind Nebulae Created by Fast-Moving Pulsars
• A Particle Module for the PLUTO Code: I - an implementation of the MHD-PIC equations
• Observatory science with eXTP
• 3D dynamics and morphology of bow-shock Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• A closer view of the IGR J11014-6103 outflows
• The brightening of the pulsar wind nebula of PSR B0540--69 after its spin-down rate transition
• The imprint of pulsar parameters on the morphology of Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• Studying the Milky Way Pulsar Population with Cosmic-Ray Leptons
• H.E.S.S. and Suzaku observations of the Vela X pulsar wind nebula
• A Single spark model for PSR J2144$-$3933
• The Physics of Pulsar Halos: Research Progress and Prospect
• Evidence for magnetar formation in broad-lined type Ic supernovae 1998bw and 2002ap
• Evaluating the Evidence of Multipolar Surface Magnetic Field in PSR J0108$-$1431
• Morphological properties of the Crab Nebula: a detailed multiwavelength study based on new VLA, HST, Chandra and XMM-Newton images
• On the anomalously large extension of the Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1825-137
• Population synthesis of pulsar wind nebulae and pulsar halos in the Milky Way -- Predicted contributions to the very-high-energy sky
• Propulsion of Spacecrafts to Relativistic Speeds Using Natural Astrophysical Sources
• Galactic and Extragalactic Samples of Supernova Remnants: How They Are Identified and What They Tell Us
• Relativistic Turbulence with Strong Synchrotron and Synchrotron-Self-Compton Cooling
• Probing the Birth of Post-merger Millisecond Magnetars by X-ray and Gamma-ray Emission
• A corrugated termination shock in pulsar wind nebulae?
• Chandra Monitoring of the J1809-1917 Pulsar Wind Nebula and Its Field
• Electron Acceleration in Pulsar-Wind Termination Shocks: An Application to the Crab Nebula Gamma-Ray Flares
• Two Dimensional Configuration and Temporal Evolution of Sparking discharges in Pulsars
• Utilizing cosmic-ray positron and electron observations to probe the averaged properties of Milky Way pulsars
• Modeling the broadest spectral band of the Crab nebula and constraining the ions acceleration efficiency
• Relativistic Shear Flow Between Electron-Ion and Electron-Positron Plasmas and Astrophysical Applications
• Spatially-Dependent Modelling of Pulsar Wind Nebula G0.9+0.1
• Formation of giant plasmoids at the pulsar wind termination shock: A possible origin of the inner-ring knots in the Crab Nebula
• Observations of three young gamma-ray pulsars with the Gran Telescopio Canarias
• A NuSTAR and Chandra Investigation of the Misaligned Outflow of PSR J1101-6101 and the Lighthouse Pulsar Wind Nebula
• Multiwavelength Investigation of Pulsar Wind Nebula DA 495 with HAWC, VERITAS, and NuSTAR
• The braking index of PSR B0540-69 and the associated pulsar wind nebula emission after spin-down rate transition
• X-ray studies of the gamma-ray pulsar J1826-1256 and its pulsar wind nebula with Chandra and XMM-Newton
• A Broadband Emission Model of Magnetar Wind Nebulae
• On the possible wind nebula of magnetar Swift J1834.9-0846: a magnetism-powered synchrotron nebula
• Radio Observations of the Region around the Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1303-631 with ATCA
• Spectral Break of Energetic Pulsar Wind Nebulae Detected with Wideband X-ray Observations
• Let there be neutrons! Hadronic photoproduction from a large flux of high-energy photons
• Testing Models for the Shallow Decay Phase of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows with Polarization Observations
• VERITAS Detection of LS 5039 and HESS J1825-137
• Possible Detection of X-Ray Emitting Circumstellar Material in the Synchrotron-Dominated Supernova Remnant RX J 1713.7-3946
• Deriving pulsar pair-production multiplicities from pulsar wind nebulae using H.E.S.S. and LHAASO observations
• Relativistic MHD modeling of magnetized neutron stars, pulsar winds, and their nebulae
• Revealing a new region of gamma-ray emission in the vicinity of HESS J1825-137
• MeerKAT caught a Mini Mouse: serendipitous detection of a young radio pulsar escaping its birth sit
• Collisionless tearing instability in relativistic non-thermal pair plasma and its application to MHD turbulence
• Improving the low-energy transient sensitivity of AMEGO-X using single-site events
• Superdense beaming of axion dark matter in the vicinity of the light cylinder of pulsars
• The Eel Pulsar Wind Nebula: a PeVatron-Candidate Origin for HAWC J1826-128 and HESS J1826-130
• Unveiling the nature of the unidentified gamma-ray sources 4FGL J1908.6+0915e, HESS J1907+089/HOTS J1907+091, and 3HWC J1907+085 in the sky region of the magnetar SGR 1900+14
• Filamentation of the electromagnetic precursor in relativistic quasi-perpendicular electron-positron shocks
• On the Impact of the Numerical Method on Magnetic Reconnection and Particle Acceleration -- I. The MHD case
• Axion-photon conversion in stochastic magnetic fields
• X-Ray Polarization Study of Pulsar Wind Nebulae with eXTP: Simulation Results and Scientific Prospects
• Anisotropy and energy distribution of leptons and photons in radiative relativistic Alfvénic turbulence