The Universal Relation of Galactic Chemical Evolution: The Origin of the Mass-Metallicity Relation

Abstract

We examine the mass-metallicity relation for $z\lesssim 1.6$. The mass-metallicity relation follows a steep slope with a turnover or `knee' at stellar masses around $10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$. At stellar masses higher than the characteristic turnover mass, the mass-metallicity relation flattens as metallicities begin to saturate. We show that the redshift evolution of the mass-metallicity relation depends only on evolution of the characteristic turnover mass. The relationship between metallicity and the stellar mass normalized to the characteristic turnover mass is independent of redshift. We find that the redshift independent slope of the mass-metallicity relation is set by the slope of the relationship between gas mass and stellar mass. The turnover in the mass-metallicity relation occurs when the gas-phase oxygen abundance is high enough that the amount of oxygen locked up in low mass stars is an appreciable fraction of the amount of oxygen produced by massive stars. The characteristic turnover mass is the stellar mass where the stellar-to-gas mass ratio is unity. Numerical modeling suggests that the relationship between metallicity and stellar-to-gas mass ratio is a redshift independent, universal relationship followed by all galaxies as they evolve. The mass-metallicity relation originates from this more fundamental universal relationship between metallicity and stellar-to-gas mass ratio. We test the validity of this universal metallicity relation in local galaxies where stellar mass, metallicity and gas mass measurements are available. The data are consistent with a universal metallicity relation. We derive an equation for estimating the hydrogen gas mass from measurements of stellar mass and metallicity valid for $z\lesssim 1.6$ and predict the cosmological evolution of galactic gas masses.

arXiv comment15 pages, 7 figures. Updated to accepted version

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• Scaling relations and baryonic cycling in local star-forming galaxies: I. The sample
• GLACE survey: OSIRIS/GTC tuneable imaging of the galaxy cluster ZwCl 0024.0+1652 II. The mass--metallicity relationship and the effect of the environment
• Dark-matter-induced transients over cosmic time: The role of star formation history profiles
• The metallicity dependence of long-duration gamma-ray bursts
• What triggers type Ia supernovae: Prompt detonations from primordial black holes or companion stars?
• Identifying Host Galaxies of Binary Black Hole Mergers with Next-Generation Gravitational Wave Detector Networks
• A Value-added Physical Properties Catalog for Low-redshift Galaxies from DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR10
• Optimal strategies for measuring gas-phase metallicities in intermediate-redshift non-AGN and AGN-host galaxies using future instrumentation
• Extreme Metallicity Dwarf Galaxies in IllustrisTNG
• Modelling the host galaxies of binary compact object mergers with observational scaling relations
• Chemical evolution history of MaNGA galaxies
• The dependence of the gradients of oxygen and nitrogen-to-oxygen on stellar age in MaNGA galaxies
• Extragalactic Supergiants
• Nature and physical properties of ALMA selected galaxies using MUSE spectroscopy
• Theoretical considerations for star formation at low and high redshift
• The 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn: metallicity dependence of high mass X-ray binaries
• pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue
• Baryonic Ecosystem IN Galaxies (BEINGMgII) -- III. Cool gas reservoirs at $0.3\le z\le 1.6$ in the Dark Energy Survey
• Mocking IFU observations and metallicity diagnostics from cosmological simulations
• A model for the emission line galaxy luminosity function and flux ratios at high-redshifts