Direct view on the ultrafast carrier dynamics in graphene

Abstract

The ultrafast dynamics of excited carriers in graphene is closely linked to the Dirac spectrum and plays a central role for many electronic and optoelectronic applications. Harvesting energy from excited electron-hole pairs, for instance, is only possible if these pairs can be separated before they lose energy to vibrations, merely heating the lattice. While the hot carrier dynamics in graphene could so far only be accessed indirectly, we here present a direct time-resolved view on the Dirac cone by angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES). This allows us to show the quasi-instant thermalisation of the electron gas to a temperature of more than 2000 K; to determine the time-resolved carrier density; to disentangle the subsequent decay into excitations of optical phonons and acoustic phonons (directly and via supercollisions); and to show how the presence of the hot carrier distribution affects the lifetime of the states far below the Fermi energy.

15 pages, 4 figures

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Cited by in corpus (150)

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• Improvements on non-equilibrium and transport Green function techniques: the next-generation transiesta
• Light-field driven currents in graphene
• Hydrodynamics of electrons in graphene
• Theory of pump-probe photoemission in graphene: Ultrafast tuning of Floquet bands and local pseudospin textures
• Generation of photovoltage in graphene on a femtosecond time scale through efficient carrier heating
• Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and its application to topological materials
• Transport in inhomogeneous quantum critical fluids and in the Dirac fluid in graphene
• Hot carriers in graphene -- fundamentals and applications
• Theory of graphene saturable absorption
• Observation of Ultrafast Free Carrier Dynamics in Single Layer MoS${}_2$
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• The ultrafast dynamics and conductivity of photoexcited graphene at different Fermi energies
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• Ultrafast Dynamics of Massive Dirac Fermions in Bilayer Graphene
• Ultrafast Band Structure Control of a Two-Dimensional Heterostructure
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• Competing Ultrafast Energy Relaxation Pathways in Photoexcited Graphene
• Direct determination of mode-projected electron-phonon coupling in the time-domain
• Tunable Carrier Multiplication and Cooling in Graphene
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• Anisotropy of excitation and relaxation of photogenerated Dirac electrons in graphene
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• Ultrafast electron calorimetry uncovers a new long-lived metastable state in 1T-TaSe${}_2$ mediated by mode-selective electron-phonon coupling
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• Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Epitaxial Graphene Investigated with Time- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
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• Population Inversion in Monolayer and Bilayer Graphene
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• Slow noncollinear Coulomb scattering in the vicinity of the Dirac point in graphene
• Lu-H-N phase diagram from first-principles calculations
• Electronic Cooling in Weyl and Dirac Semimetals
• Ultrafast Hot Phonon Dynamics in MgB${}_2$ Driven by Anisotropic Electron-Phonon Coupling
• Population inversion in Landau-quantized graphene
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• Nonequilibrium plasmons with gain in graphene
• Light-induced renormalization of the Dirac quasiparticles in the nodal-line semimetal ZrSiSe
• Electron-phonon cooling in large monolayer graphene devices
• Impact of doping on the carrier dynamics in graphene
• Probing the energy conversion pathways between light, carriers and lattice in real time with attosecond core-level spectroscopy
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• Ultrafast unbalanced electron distributions in quasicrystalline 30° twisted bilayer graphene
• Photoemission Signatures of Non-Equilibrium Carrier Dynamics from First Principles
• Carrier dynamics in graphene: ultrafast many-particle phenomena
• Electron-hole balanced dynamics in the type-II Weyl semimetal candidate WTe2
• Nonequilibrium plasmon emission drives ultrafast carrier relaxation dynamics in photoexcited graphene
• Sound waves and resonances in electron-hole plasma
• Carrier Heating and Negative Photoconductivity in Graphene
• Excitonic Gap Formation in Pumped Dirac Materials
• Temporal control of graphene plasmons
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• Accessing the spectral function of in operando devices by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
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• Ultrafast Momentum Imaging of Pseudospin-Flip Excitations in Graphene
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• Ultrafast triggering of insulator-metal transition in two-dimensional VSe${}_2$
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• HHG-laser-based time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of quantum materials
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• Layer and orbital interference effects in photoemission from transition metal dichalcogenides
• Decoupled few-femtosecond phase transitions in vanadium dioxide
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• Hot carrier-assisted switching of the electron-phonon interaction in 1$T$-VSe${}_2$
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• Strong-Field Bloch Electron Interferometry for Band Structure Retrieval
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• Electron heating and mechanical properties of graphene
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• Anisotropic ultrafast optical response of terahertz pumped graphene
• Ultrafast spin dynamics: complementing theoretical analyses by quantum-information measures
• Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy of 2D semiconductors: a review
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• Non-equilibrium carrier dynamics and band structure of graphene on 2D tin
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• Performance limits due to thermal transport in graphene single-photon bolometers
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• Phonon-assisted carrier cooling in h-BN/graphene van der Waals heterostructures
• Impact of thermal fluctuations on transport in antiferromagnetic semimetals
• Prolonged photo-carriers generated in a massive-and-anisotropic Dirac material
• An efficient low-density grating setup for monochromatization of XUV ultrafast light sources
• On the interpretation of manifold ultrafast dynamics in supported graphene
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• Disorder-assisted Robustness of Ultrafast Cooling in High Doped CVD-Graphene
• Ultrafast Momentum-Resolved Probing of Plasmon Thermal Dynamics with Free Electrons
• Properties and challenges of hot-phonon physics in metals: MgB${}_2$ and other compounds
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