Theory of the strongly nonlinear electrodynamic response of graphene: A hot electron model

Abstract

An electrodynamic response of graphene to a strong electromagnetic radiation is considered. A hot electron model (HEM) is introduced and a corresponding system of nonlinear equations is formulated. Solutions of this system are found and discussed in detail for intrinsic and doped graphene: the hot electron temperature, non-equilibrium electron and holes densities, absorption coefficient and other physical quantities are calculated as functions of the incident wave frequency $\omega$ and intensity $I$, of the equilibrium chemical potential ${\mu }_0$ and temperature $T_0$, scattering parameters, as well as of the ratio ${\tau }_{\epsilon }/{\tau }_{\mathrm{rec}}$ of the intra-band energy relaxation time ${\tau }_{\epsilon }$ to the recombination time ${\tau }_{\mathrm{rec}}$. The influence of the radiation intensity on the absorption coefficient $A$ at low ($\hslash \omega \lesssim 2|{\mu }_0|$, $dA/dI>0$) and high ($\hslash \omega \gtrsim 2|{\mu }_0|$, $dA/dI<0$) frequencies is studied. The results are shown to be in good agreement with recent experimental data.

arXiv comment23 pages, 13 figures

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