Probing the energy conversion pathways between light, carriers and lattice in real time with attosecond core-level spectroscopy

Abstract

Detection of the energy conversion pathways, between photons, charge carriers, and the lattice is of fundamental importance to understand fundamental physics and to advance materials and devices. Yet, such insight remains incomplete due to experimental challenges in disentangling the various signatures on overlapping time scales. Here, we show that attosecond core-level X-ray spectroscopy can identify these interactions with attosecond precision and across a picosecond range. We demonstrate this methodology on graphite since its investigation is complicated by a variety of mechanisms occurring across a wide range of temporal scales. Our methodology reveals, through the simultaneous real-time detection of electrons and holes, the different dephasing mechanisms for each carrier type dependent on excitation with few-cycle-duration light fields. These results demonstrate the general ability of our methodology to detect and distinguish the various dynamic contributions to the flow of energy inside materials on their native time scales.

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• Photo-induced charge-transfer renormalization in NiO
• Time-domain study of coupled collective excitations in quantum materials
• Energy-band echoes: Time-reversed light emission from optically driven quasiparticle wavepackets
• Ab-initio study of ultrafast spin dynamics in Gdx(FeCo){1-x} alloys
• Electronic origin of x-ray absorption peak shifts
• Table-top soft x-ray source for XAS experiments with photon energies up to 350 eV
• Energy density driven ultrafast electronic excitations in a cuprate superconductor