Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and its application to topological materials

Abstract

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), an experimental technique based on the photoelectric effect, is arguably the most powerful method for probing the electronic structure of solids. The past decade has witnessed notable progress in ARPES, including the rapid development of soft-X-ray ARPES, time-resolved ARPES, spin-resolved ARPES and spatially resolved ARPES, as well as considerable improvements in energy and momentum resolution. Consequently , ARPES has emerged as an indispensable experimental probe in the study of topological materials, which have characteristic non-trivial bulk and surface electronic structures that can be directly detected by ARPES. Over the past few years, ARPES has had a crucial role in several landmark discoveries in topological materials, including the identification of topological insulators and topological Dirac and Weyl semimetals. In this Technical Review , we assess the latest developments in different ARPES techniques and illustrate the capabilities of these techniques with applications in the study of topological materials.

References in corpus (124)

• Topological Insulators
• Topological insulators and superconductors
• Magic-angle graphene superlattices: a new platform for unconventional superconductivity
• Quantum Spin Hall Insulator State in HgTe Quantum Wells
• Superconducting proximity effect and Majorana fermions at the surface of a topological insulator
• Correlated Insulator Behaviour at Half-Filling in Magic Angle Graphene Superlattices
• Electronic Structure of Pyrochlore Iridates: From Topological Dirac Metal to Mott Insulator
• Topological Insulators in Three Dimensions
• Topological Insulators with Inversion Symmetry
• Experimental Observation of the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in a Magnetic Topological Insulator
• Discovery (theoretical prediction and experimental observation) of a large-gap topological-insulator class with spin-polarized single-Dirac-cone on the surface
• Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of the cuprate superconductors
• A topological Dirac insulator in a quantum spin Hall phase : Experimental observation of first strong topological insulator
• Discovery of a Weyl Fermion Semimetal and Topological Fermi Arcs
• Type-II Weyl Semimetals
• Discovery of a Three-dimensional Topological Dirac Semimetal, Na3Bi
• First observation of Spin-Momentum Helical Locking in Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3, demonstration of Topological-Order at 300K and a realization of topological-transport-regime
• Dirac semimetal and topological phase transitions in A3Bi (A=Na, K, Rb)
• Dirac semimetal in three dimensions
• Three Dimensional Dirac Semimetal and Quantum Transports in Cd3As2
• Theoretical Discovery/Prediction: Weyl Semimetal states in the TaAs material (TaAs, NbAs, NbP, TaP) class
• Chern semi-metal and Quantized Anomalous Hall Effect in HgCr2Se4
• Topological Crystalline Insulators in the SnTe Material Class
• Observation of Floquet-Bloch states on the surface of a topological insulator
• Beyond Dirac and Weyl fermions: Unconventional quasiparticles in conventional crystals
• First direct observation of Spin-textures in Topological Insulators : Spin-resolved ARPES as a probe of topological quantum spin Hall effect and Berry's phase
• Observation of Weyl nodes in TaAs
• Anomalous Hall Effect and Magnetic Monopoles in Momentum-Space
• Experimental realization of a topological crystalline insulator in SnTe
• Phase Diagram and High Temperature Superconductivity at 65 K in Tuning Carrier Concentration of Single-Layer FeSe Films
• Experimental observation of topological Fermi arcs in type-II Weyl semimetal MoTe2
• Evidence for Majorana bound state in an iron-based superconductor
• Observation of topological superconductivity on the surface of an iron-based superconductor
• Interfacial mode coupling as the origin of the enhancement of Tc in FeSe films on SrTiO3
• Interface-induced superconductivity and strain-dependent spin density wave in FeSe/SrTiO3 thin films
• Symmetry breaking orbital anisotropy on detwinned Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 above the spin density wave transition
• Spectroscopic evidence for type II Weyl semimetal state in MoTe2
• Snapshots of non-equilibrium Dirac carrier distributions in graphene
• Multiple types of topological fermions in transition metal silicides
• Hourglass Fermions
• Direct view on the ultrafast carrier dynamics in graphene
• Large Fermi Arcs in Unconventional Weyl Semimetal RhSi
• Selective scattering between Floquet-Bloch and Volkov states in a topological insulator
• Discovery of topological chiral crystals with helicoid arc states
• New classes of chiral topological nodes with non-contractible surface Fermi arcs in CoSi
• Weyl Semimetals, Fermi Arcs and Chiral Anomalies (A Short Review)
• Ultrafast Optical Excitation of a Persistent Surface-State Population in the Topological Insulator Bi2Se3
• Experimental Observation of Three-Component 'New Fermions' in Topological Semimetal MoP
• Double Dirac Semimetals in Three Dimensions
• Double-Weyl phonons in transition-metal monosilicides
• Topological Semimetals with Triply Degenerate Nodal Points in θ-phase Tantalum Nitride
• Topological nature of FeSe${}_{0.5}$Te${}_{0.5}$ superconductor
• Topological superconductivity on the surface of Fe-based superconductors
• Measurement of intrinsic Dirac fermion cooling on the surface of a topological insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• Development of a Vacuum Ultra-Violet Laser-Based Angle-Resolved Photoemission System with a Super-High Energy Resolution Better Than 1 meV
• Ultrafast surface carrier dynamics in the topological insulator Bi2Te3
• Observation of a warped helical spin-texture in Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ from circular dichroism angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• Disentangling amplitude and phase dynamics of a charge density wave in a photo-induced phase transition
• Momentum-dependent snapshots of a melting charge density wave
• Tracking Cooper Pairs in a Cuprate Superconductor by Ultrafast Angle-Resolved Photoemission
• Co-existence of Weyl Fermion and Massless Triply Degenerate Nodal Points
• Discovery of a new type of topological Weyl fermion semimetal state in Mo${}_x$W${}_{1-x}$Te${}_2$
• Nodal superconducting gap structure in ferropnictide superconductor BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2
• Discovery of switchable weak topological insulator state in quasi-one-dimensional bismuth iodide
• Laser ARPES, the sudden approximation, and quasiparticle-like peaks in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta
• Direct Optical Coupling to an Unoccupied Dirac Surface State in the Topological Insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Experimental Discovery of the First Nonsymmorphic Topological Insulator KHgSb
• Topological Characters in Fe(Te${}_{1-x}$Se${}_x$) thin films
• Fe-based superconductors: an angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy perspective
• A facility for the analysis of the electronic structures of solids and their surfaces by synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy
• Symmetry breaking via orbital-dependent reconstruction of electronic structure in uniaxially strained NaFeAs
• Observation of Fermi arc spin texture in TaAs
• Isotropic superconducting gaps with enhanced pairing on electron Fermi surfaces in FeTe0.55Se0.45
• Distinguishing bulk and surface electron-phonon coupling in the topological insulator Bi2Se3 using time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• Nodal quasiparticle meltdown in ultra-high resolution pump-probe angle-resolved photoemission
• Three-component fermions with surface Fermi arcs in topological semimetal tungsten carbide
• Ultrafast Dynamics of Massive Dirac Fermions in Bilayer Graphene
• New Developments in Laser-Based Photoemission Spectroscopy and its Scientific Applications: a Key Issues Review
• Momentum-Resolved Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta
• Tuning a Schottky barrier in a photoexcited topological insulator with transient Dirac cone electron-hole asymmetry
• Widespread spin polarization effects in photoemission from topological insulators
• Electronic structure of Fe1.04(Te0.66Se0.34)
• Giant spin-splitting and gap renormalization driven by trions in single-layer WS${}_2$/h-BN heterostructures
• Nexus and Dirac lines in topological materials
• Evidence for Three-Dimensionality in the Fermi Surface Topology of Layered Electron Doped Ba(Fe1-XCox)2As2 Iron Superconductors
• Enhanced superconductivity accompanying a Lifshitz transition in electron-doped FeSe monolayer
• Driven Electronic States at the Surface of a Topological Insulator
• Spin-Polarized Surface Resonances Accompanying Topological Surface State Formation
• High-resolution three-dimensional spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectrometer using vacuum ultraviolet laser light
• Coherent Phonon Coupling to Individual Bloch States in Photoexcited Bismuth
• Ultrafast Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy of Quantum Materials
• Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in the Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 Studied by Time-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
• Momentum dependent ultrafast electron dynamics in antiferromagnetic EuFe2As2
• Energy dissipation in the time domain governed by bosons in a correlated material
• Tunable VUV laser based spectrometer for Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES)
• Experimental setup for low-energy laser-based angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• A high-efficiency spin-resolved phototemission spectrometer combining time-of-flight spectroscopy with exchange-scattering polarimetry
• Momentum resolved spin dynamics of bulk and surface excited states in the topological insulator $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{i}}_2\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_3$
• High Energy Dispersions in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 High Temperature Superconductor from Laser-Based Angle-Resolved Photoemission
• Time-resolved photoemission apparatus achieving sub-20-meV energy resolution and high stability
• Ultrafast modulation of the chemical potential in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ by coherent phonons
• High Resolution Angle Resolved Photoemission with Tabletop 11eV Laser
• Orbital Characters Determined from Fermi Surface Intensity Patterns using Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
• An experimental setup for high resolution 10.5 eV laser-based angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using a time-of-flight electron analyzer
• Collapse of superconductivity in cuprates via ultrafast quenching of phase coherence
• Inequivalence of Single-Particle and Population Lifetimes in a Cuprate Superconductor
• Ultrafast quenching of electron-boson interaction and superconducting gap in a cuprate superconductor
• Evidence of reduced surface electron-phonon scattering in the conduction band of Bi_{2}Se_{3} by non-equilibrium ARPES
• Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Epitaxial Graphene Investigated with Time- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
• Electron-phonon coupling in 122 Fe pnictides analyzed by femtosecond time-resolved photoemission
• Multi-channel exchange-scattering spin polarimetry
• Topologically entangled Rashba-split Shockley states on the surface of grey arsenic
• ARPES measurements of the superconducting gap of Fe-based superconductors and their implications to the pairing mechanism
• Energetic and spatial bonding properties from angular distributions of ultraviolet photoelectrons: application to the GaAs(110) surface
• A spin- and angle-resolving photoelectron spectrometer
• Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study on iron-based superconductors
• Thickness-Dependent Coherent Phonon Frequency in Ultrathin FeSe/SrTiO${}_3$ Films
• Signatures of enhanced superconducting phase coherence through MID-IR excitation in optimally doped Y-Bi2212
• High repetition pump-and-probe photoemission spectroscopy based on a compact fiber laser system
• Electronic structure of transferred graphene/h-BN van der Waals heterostructures with nonzero stacking angles by nano-ARPES
• Spin- and angle-resolved photoemission on the topological Kondo Insulator candidate: SmB6
• Electronic structure of topological superconductor candidate Au${}_2$Pb
• Electronic structure and ultrafast dynamics of FeAs-based superconductors by angle- and time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• Ultrafast Melting of Spin Density Wave Order in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ Observed by Time- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy with Extreme-Ultraviolet Higher Harmonic Generation

Cited by in corpus (83)

• Nonthermal pathways to ultrafast control in quantum materials
• All Topological Bands of All Nonmagnetic Stoichiometric Materials
• Topological Materials Discovery from Crystal Symmetry
• Material design with the van der Waals stacking of bismuth-halide chains realizing a higher-order topological insulator
• Absence of altermagnetic spin splitting character in rutile oxide RuO${}_2$
• Time- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Studies of Quantum Materials
• First Principles Calculations for Topological Quantum Materials
• A comprehensive review on topological superconducting materials and interfaces
• Atomically Thin Quantum Spin Hall Insulators
• Spectroscopic evidence of flat bands in breathing kagome semiconductor Nb3I8
• Spin-Resolved Topology and Partial Axion Angles in Three-Dimensional Insulators
• Encyclopedia of emergent particles in type-IV magnetic space groups
• Measurement of Topological Order based on Metric-Curvature Correspondence
• Are there universal signatures of topological phases in high harmonic generation? Probably not
• Magnetic higher-order nodal lines
• Dynamical Degeneracy Splitting and Directional Invisibility in Non-Hermitian Systems
• Exceptional odd-frequency pairing in non-Hermitian superconducting systems
• High-throughput search for magnetic topological materials using spin-orbit spillage, machine-learning and experiments
• Electronic and dynamical properties of CeRh${}_2$As${}_2$: Role of Rh${}_2$As${}_2$ layers and expected hidden orbital order
• Topological electronic structure in the antiferromagnet HoSbTe
• Non-Hermitian Absorption Spectroscopy
• Machine learning spectral indicators of topology
• Polarization-Modulated Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy: Towards Circular Dichroism without Circular Photons and Bloch Wavefunction Reconstruction
• Room-Temperature Topological Phase Transition in Quasi-One-Dimensional Material Bi${}_4$I${}_4$
• Discovery of a weak topological insulating state and van Hove singularity in triclinic RhBi2
• Nonequilibrium dynamics in pumped Mott insulators
• Observation of flat and weakly dispersing bands in a van der Waals semiconductor Nb3Br8 with breathing kagome lattice
• Coexistence of near-EF flat band and van Hove singularity in a two-phase superconductor
• Bulk Bogoliubov Fermi arcs in non-Hermitian superconducting systems
• Emergent vortex Majorana zero mode in iron-based superconductors
• Detecting light-induced Floquet band gaps of graphene via trARPES
• From carriers and virtual excitons to exciton populations: Insights into time-resolved ARPES spectra from an exactly solvable model
• Exceptional degeneracies in non-Hermitian Rashba semiconductors
• Berry Curvature Signatures in Chiroptical Excitonic Transitions
• Laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micrometer spatial resolution and detection of three-dimensional spin vector
• Magnetic warping in topological insulators
• Removing grid structure in angle-resolved photoemission spectra via deep learning method
• Core excitations of uranyl in Cs${}_2$UO${}_2$Cl${}_4$ from relativistic embedded damped-response time-dependent density functional theory calculations
• Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with an $\text{in situ}$ tunable magnetic field
• Ultrafast Polarization-Tunable Monochromatic Extreme Ultraviolet Source at High-Repetition-Rate
• Multispectral time-resolved energy-momentum microscopy using high-harmonic extreme ultraviolet radiation
• Time-dependent spectral properties of photoexcited one-dimensional ionic Hubbard model: an exact diagonalization study
• Transfer Learning Application of Self-supervised Learning in ARPES
• The first-principles research on the role of surface in the heavy fermion compound CeRh${}_2$Si${}_2$
• Spin- and time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction studies using time-of-flight momentum microscopes
• Visualization of spin-polarized electronic states by imaging-type spin-resolved photoemission microscopy
• High resolution depth profiling using near-total-reflection hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
• Entanglement Signature of Hinge Arcs, Fermi Arcs, and Crystalline Symmetry Protection in Higher-Order Weyl Semimetals
• Probing magnetic orbitals and Berry curvature with circular dichroism in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering
• Many-body effects in nodal-line semimetals: correction to the optical conductivity
• Quantum oscillation studies of the nodal line semimetal Ni3In2S2-xSex
• Studying the holographic Fermi surface in the scalar induced anisotropic background
• Tuning of Bilayer Graphene Heterostructure by Horizontally Incident Circular Polarized Light
• Fractal Surface States in Three-Dimensional Topological Quasicrystals
• Possible instabilities in quadratic and cubic nodal line fermion systems with correlated interactions
• Scanning qubit probe of edge states in a topological insulator
• Surface-state mediated spin-to-charge conversion in Sb films via bilateral spin current injection
• Generating Two-dimensional Ferromagnetic Charge Density Waves via External Fields
• Topological Signatures in Nodal Semimetals through Neutron Scattering
• Topological phase transitions via attosecond x-ray absorption spectroscopy
• Emergent Topological Semimetal
• Emergent impervious band crossing in the bulk in topological nodal line semimetal ZrAs${}_2$
• Vector parameters in atomic ionization by twisted light: polarization of electron and residual ion
• Altermagnetism, ARPES, symmetry, non-relativistic band splitting
• Interaction effects in graphene in a weak magnetic field
• Correlated interaction effects in three-dimensional semi-Dirac semimetal
• Ultrafast excitation and topological soliton formation in incommensurate charge density wave states
• Detecting winding and Chern numbers in topological matter using spectral function
• Nonequilibrium topological spin textures in momentum space
• All-optical band structure reconstruction and onset of Landau quantization of Dirac fermions
• Experimental observation of energy-band Riemann surface
• Topological spin textures in electronic non-Hermitian systems
• Reexamining Circular Dichroism in Photoemission From a Topological Insulator
• Effective Medium Perspective on Topological Transitions in Metamaterials
• Development of a 10.8-eV Tabletop Femtosecond Laser with Tunable Polarization for High-Resolution Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
• Surface spectroscopy and surface-bulk hybridization of Weyl semimetals
• Theory of subcycle time-resolved photoemission: application to terahertz photodressing in graphene
• Evolution of holographic Fermi surface from non-minimal couplings
• Localized Floquet states in gated bilayer graphene induced by a focused optical beam with orbital angular momentum
• Localization and entanglement characterization of edge states in HgTe quantum wells in a finite strip geometry
• Floquet spin textures in optically pumped non-Hermitian surface states
• Temperature-Dependent Collective Excitations in a Three-Dimensional Dirac System ZrTe${}_5$
• Time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of strong-field light-dressed solids: prevalence of the adiabatic band picture