Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Abstract

For solid-state materials, the electronic structure, E(k), is critical in determining a crystal's physical properties. By experimentally detecting the electronic structure, the fundamental physics can be revealed. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a powerful technique for directly observing the electronic structure with energy- and momentum-resolved information. Over the past decades, major improvements in the energy and momentum resolution, alongside the extension of ARPES observables to spin (SpinARPES), micrometer or nanometer lateral dimensions (MicroARPES/NanoARPES), and femtosecond timescales (TrARPES), have led to major scientific advances. These advantages have been achieved across a wide range of quantum materials, such as high-temperature superconductors, topological materials, two-dimensional materials and heterostructures. This primer introduces key aspects of ARPES principles, instrumentation, data analysis, and representative scientific cases to demonstrate the power of the method. Perspectives and challenges on future developments are also discussed.

arXiv commentInvited Review article for Nature Reviews Methods Primers

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• Tracking Cooper Pairs in a Cuprate Superconductor by Ultrafast Angle-Resolved Photoemission
• Superconducting gap symmetry of Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• Direct Measurement of the Out-of-Plane Spin Texture in the Dirac Cone Surface State of a Topological Insulator
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• Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study on iron-based superconductors
• Ultrafast time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with widely tunable probe photon energy of 5.3-7.0 eV for investigating dynamics of three-dimensional materials
• Establishing non-thermal regimes in pump-probe electron-relaxation dynamics
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• Experimental evidence of plasmarons and effective fine structure constant in electron-doped graphene/h-BN heterostructure
• Electronic structure of 2D van der Waals crystals and heterostructures investigated by spatially- and angle-resolved photoemission

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• The Quantum Twisting Microscope
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• A machine learning route between band mapping and band structure
• Advancing time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy: The role of ultrafast laser development
• Laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micrometer spatial resolution and detection of three-dimensional spin vector
• Transfer Learning Application of Self-supervised Learning in ARPES
• First Principles Assessment of CdTe as a Tunnel Barrier at the $\alpha$-Sn/InSb Interface
• Probing excitons with time-resolved momentum microscopy
• A newly-designed femtosecond KBe${}_2$BO${}_3$F${}_2$ device with pulse duration down to 55 fs for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• High harmonic generation light source with polarization selectivity and sub-100-$\mu$m beam size for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• Direct spin imaging detector based on freestanding magnetic nanomembranes with electron optical amplification
• Hidden charge density wave induced shadow bands and ultrafast dynamics of CuTe investigated using time-resolved ARPES
• Light-field dressing of transient photo-excited states above $E_F$
• In-situ topotactic chemical reaction for spectroscopies
• Low-energy peak in the one-particle spectral function of the electron gas at metallic densities
• Altermagnetism, ARPES, symmetry, non-relativistic band splitting
• On valley asymmetry in a topological interaction for quasi-particles
• Zeeman-type spin splittings in strained d-wave altermagnets
• Experimental observation of energy-band Riemann surface
• Photoemission orbital tomography based on tight-binding approach: method and application to $\pi$-conjugated molecules
• Development of a 10.8-eV Tabletop Femtosecond Laser with Tunable Polarization for High-Resolution Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
• Magnon damping and mode softening in quantum double-exchange ferromagnets
• Zone-selection effect of photoelectron intensity distributions in a nonsymmorphic system RAlSi (R : Ce and Nd)
• Altermagnetism from the viewpoint of chemistry
• Investigating the Electrical Transport Properties and Electronic Structure of Zr2CuSb3
• Holographic Strange Metals for Philosophers and Physicists
• Electronic Coherence Evolution at the Nearly Commensurate Incommensurate CDW Boundary of 1T-TaS2