A quantitative comparison of time-of-flight momentum microscopes and hemispherical analyzers for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments

Abstract

Time-of-flight-based momentum microscopy has a growing presence in photoemission studies, as it enables parallel energy- and momentum-resolved acquisition of the full photoelectron distribution. Here, we report table-top extreme ultraviolet (XUV) time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) featuring both a hemispherical analyzer and a momentum microscope within the same setup. We present a systematic comparison of the two detection schemes and quantify experimentally relevant parameters, including pump- and probe-induced space-charge effects, detection efficiency, photoelectron count rates, and depth of focus. We highlight the advantages and limitations of both instruments based on exemplary trARPES measurements of bulk WSe2. Our analysis demonstrates the complementary nature of the two spectrometers for time-resolved ARPES experiments. Their combination in a single experimental apparatus allows us to address a broad range of scientific questions with trARPES.

arXiv comment19 pages, 9 figures. The following article has been submitted to Review of Scientific Instruments / AIP Publishing. After it is published, it will be found at https://aip.scitation.org/journal/rsi

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• Detecting light-induced Floquet band gaps of graphene via trARPES
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• Multispectral time-resolved energy-momentum microscopy using high-harmonic extreme ultraviolet radiation
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• Ultrafast Momentum-resolved Hot Electron Dynamics in the Two-dimensional Topological Insulator Bismuthene
• Probing excitons with time-resolved momentum microscopy
• Hybrid Frenkel-Wannier excitons facilitate ultrafast energy transfer at a 2D-organic interface
• Conduction Band Structure and Ultrafast Dynamics of Ferroelectric $\alpha$-GeTe(111)
• Development of a 10.8-eV Tabletop Femtosecond Laser with Tunable Polarization for High-Resolution Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
• Phase transitions from Heating to non-heating in SU(1, 1) quantum dynamics: applications to Bose-Einstein condensates and periodically driven coupled oscillators
• Excited-state band structure mapping
• Orbital mixing and strong Hund's coupling stabilize spin order in van der Waals ferromagnet CrI3