Supermassive Population III Supernovae and the Birth of the First Quasars

Abstract

The existence of supermassive black holes as early as z ~ 7 is one of the great unsolved problems in cosmological structure formation. One leading theory argues that they are born during catastrophic baryon collapse in z ~ 15 protogalaxies in strong Lyman-Werner UV backgrounds. Atomic line cooling in such galaxies fragments baryons into massive clumps that are thought to directly collapse to 10^4 - 10^5 solar-mass black holes. We have now discovered that some of these fragments can instead become supermassive stars that eventually explode as pair-instability supernovae with energies of ~ 10^55 erg, the most energetic explosions in the universe. We have calculated light curves and spectra for supermassive Pop III PI SNe with the Los Alamos RAGE and SPECTRUM codes. We find that they will be visible in NIR all-sky surveys by Euclid out to z ~ 10 - 15 and by WFIRST and WISH out to z ~ 15 - 20, perhaps revealing the birthplaces of the first quasars.

arXiv comment13 pages, 11 figures, accepted by ApJ

References in corpus (132)

• Mass-loss predictions for O and B stars as a function of metallicity
• The Nucleosynthetic Signature of Population III
• A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085
• The Formation of the First Star in the Universe
• First stars V - Abundance patterns from C to Zn and supernova yields in the early Galaxy
• The Formation of the First Stars. I. The Primordial Star Forming Cloud
• Formation of Supermassive Black Holes by Direct Collapse in Pregalactic Halos
• Formation of the First Supermassive Black Holes
• Nucleosynthesis and Evolution of Massive Metal-Free Stars
• Forming the First Stars in the Universe: The Fragmentation of Primordial Gas
• Nucleosynthetic signatures of the first stars
• One Hundred First Stars : Protostellar Evolution and the Final Masses
• The Formation and Fragmentation of Primordial Molecular Clouds
• Supernova 2007bi as a pair-instability explosion
• Simulations on a Moving Mesh: The Clustered Formation of Population III Protostars
• The Birth of a Galaxy: Primordial Metal Enrichment and Stellar Populations
• The Formation and Fragmentation of Disks around Primordial Protostars
• Protostellar Feedback Halts the Growth of the First Stars in the Universe
• Protostar Formation in the Early Universe
• Detailed Abundances for 28 Metal-poor Stars: Stellar Relics in the Milky Way
• The Formation of Population III Binaries from Cosmological Initial Conditions
• Formation of the First Stars by Accretion
• On the Initial Mass Function of Population III Stars
• The first stars: formation of binaries and small multiple systems
• Radiation Hydrodynamical Evolution of Primordial H II Regions
• Supermassive Black Hole Formation by Direct Collapse: Keeping Protogalactic Gas H_2--Free in Dark Matter Halos with Virial Temperatures T_vir >~ 10^4 K
• CASTRO: A New Compressible Astrophysical Solver. I. Hydrodynamics and Self-Gravity
• Cold flows and the first quasars
• Accretion onto the First Stellar Mass Black Holes
• The Assembly of Supermassive Black Holes at High Redshifts
• The Structure and Evolution of Early Cosmological HII Regions
• Pair Instability Supernovae: Light Curves, Spectra, and Shock Breakout
• Cosmological Hydrodynamics with Multi-Species Chemistry and Nonequilibrium Ionization and Cooling
• The Formation of the First Stars II. Radiative Feedback Processes and Implications for the Initial Mass Function
• Population III stars: hidden or disappeared ?
• Ubiquitous seeding of supermassive black holes by direct collapse
• The First Galaxies: Assembly, Cooling and the Onset of Turbulence
• The First Galaxies: Chemical Enrichment, Mixing, and Star Formation
• Population III star formation in a Lambda CDM universe, I: The effect of formation redshift and environment on protostellar accretion rate
• The First Stars: Mass Growth Under Protostellar Feedback
• The H II Region of the First Star
• Population III star formation in a Lambda CDM universe, II: Effects of a photodissociating background
• Black hole formation in the early universe
• Photodissociation of H2 in Protogalaxies: Modeling Self-Shielding in 3D Simulations
• Resolving the Formation of Protogalaxies. II. Central Gravitational Collapse
• The Formation of the First Stars I. Mass Infall Rates, Accretion Disk Structure and Protostellar Evolution
• Three Epochs of Star Formation in the High Redshift Universe
• The Destruction of Cosmological Minihalos by Primordial Supernovae
• Gravitational Wave Emission From Core-Collapse of Massive Stars
• Pathways to massive black holes and compact star clusters in pre-galactic dark matter haloes with virial temperatures > 10000K
• r-Process Nucleosynthesis in Hot Accretion Disk Flows from Black Hole - Neutron Star Mergers
• The First Supernova Explosions in the Universe
• The First Billion Years project - III: The impact of stellar radiation on the coevolution of Populations II and III
• Evolution of supermassive stars as a pathway to black hole formation
• The aftermath of the first stars: massive black holes
• On the stability of very massive primordial stars
• Effects of Rotation on the Minimum Mass of Primordial Progenitors of Pair Instability Supernovae
• Nucleosynthesis in the Outflow from Gamma Ray Burst Accretion Disks
• Light Curve Modeling of Superluminous Supernova 2006gy: Collision between Supernova Ejecta and Dense Circumstellar Medium
• Quasistars: Accreting black holes inside massive envelopes
• Accretion onto Seed Black Holes in the First Galaxies
• Suppression of H_2 Cooling in the Ultraviolet Background
• The HII Region of a Primordial Star
• The Detectability of Pair-Production Supernovae at z < 6
• Three Modes of Metal-Enriched Star Formation in the Early Universe
• Supernova Explosions in the Early Universe: Evolution of Radiative Remnants and the Halo Destruction Efficiency
• Accretion onto Intermediate Mass Black Holes Regulated by Radiative Feedback I. Parametric Study for Spherically Symmetric Accretion
• Evolution of Very Massive Population III Stars with Mass Accretion from Pre-Main Sequence to Collapse
• The interplay between chemical and mechanical feedback from the first generation of stars
• The First Galaxies: Assembly with Black Hole Feedback
• Quasistars and the cosmic evolution of massive black holes
• The Nucleosynthetic Imprint of 15-40 Solar Mass Primordial Supernovae on Metal-Poor Stars
• Population III.1 and III.2 gamma-Ray Bursts: Constraints on the event rate for future radio and X-ray surveys
• The Effects of Accretion Luminosity upon Fragmentation in the Early Universe
• Supermassive Seeds for Supermassive Black Holes
• Accretion onto Black Holes from Large Scales Regulated by Radiative Feedback. II. Growth Rate and Duty Cycle
• Forming a Primordial Star in a Relic HII Region
• Confined Population III Enrichment and the Prospects for Prompt Second-Generation Star Formation
• Occurrence of Metal-free Galaxies in the Early Universe
• Can Gamma-Ray Burst Jets Break Out the First Stars?
• Metal-Free Gas Supply at the Edge of Reionization: Late-Epoch Population III Star Formation
• The Formation of Supermassive Black Holes from Low-Mass Pop III Seeds
• Finding the First Cosmic Explosions I: Pair-Instability Supernovae
• Supermassive black hole formation by the cold accretion shocks in the first galaxies
• The Growth of the Stellar Seeds of Supermassive Black Holes
• The Number of Supernovae from Primordial Stars in the Universe
• The Source Density and Observability of Pair-Instability Supernovae from the First Stars
• The First Galaxies: Signatures of the Initial Starburst
• Seeing the First Supernovae at the Edge of the Universe with JWST
• The mass of first stars
• How the First Stars Regulated Local Star Formation I: Radiative Feedback
• How Very Massive Metal Free Stars Start Cosmological Reionization
• Ionization Front Instabilities in Primordial H II Regions
• Supermassive Black Hole Formation at High Redshifts via Direct Collapse: Physical Processes in the Early Stage
• The First Galaxies: Assembly of Disks and Prospects for Direct Detection
• A Multistep Algorithm for the Radiation Hydrodynamical Transport of Cosmological Ionization Fronts and Ionized Flows
• Relativistic collapse and explosion of rotating supermassive stars with thermonuclear effects
• Formation and Coalescence of Cosmological Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Supermassive Star Collapse
• The Transition from the First Stars to the Second Stars in the Early Universe
• The First Galaxies: Assembly under Radiative Feedback from the First Stars
• Shock Breakout in Type II Plateau Supernovae: Prospects for High Redshift Supernova Surveys
• The Early Evolution of Primordial Pair-Instability Supernovae
• Pair-Instability Supernovae at the Epoch of Reionization
• Accretion onto Black Holes from Large Scales Regulated by Radiative Feedback. III. Enhanced Luminosity of Intermediate Mass Black Holes Moving at Supersonic Speeds
• High resolution studies of massive primordial haloes
• The First Stars
• Multidimensional Simulations of Rotating Pair Instability Supernovae
• An Upper Limit on the Mass of a Primordial Star due to the Formation of an HII Region: The Effect of Ionizing Radiation Force
• Three-Dimensional Dynamical Instabilities in Galactic Ionization Fronts
• Protostellar Feedback and Final Mass of the Second-Generation Primordial Stars
• Detectability of High-Redshift Superluminous Supernovae with Upcoming Optical and Near-Infrared Surveys
• The winds of the hot massive first stars
• Finding the First Cosmic Explosions II: Core-Collapse Supernovae
• The Supernova that Destroyed a Protogalaxy: Prompt Chemical Enrichment and Supermassive Black Hole Growth
• Detectability of the First Cosmic Explosions
• The Number and Observability of Population III Supernovae at High Redshifts
• Pair-Instability Supernovae via Collision Runaway in Young Dense Star Clusters
• The Biggest Explosions in the Universe
• Population III Gamma-Ray Bursts and Breakout Criteria for Accretion-Powered Jets
• The Los Alamos Supernova Light Curve Project: Computational Methods
• Low-mass star formation triggered by early supernova explosions
• The Molecular Hydrogen Deficit in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
• The Effect of a Single Supernova Explosion on the Cuspy Density Profile of a Small-Mass Dark Matter Halo
• The Biggest Explosions in the Universe. II
• Illuminating the Primeval Universe with Type IIn Supernovae
• Radiative and Kinetic Feedback by Low-Mass Primordial Stars
• Supermassive Black Hole Formation at High Redshifts Through a Primordial Magnetic Field
• Gamma-Ray Bursts in Circumstellar Shells: A Possible Explanation for Flares
• The Origins and the Early Evolution of Quasars and Supermassive Black Holes
• The Radio Signatures of the First Supernovae
• The UDF05 Follow-up of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. III. The Luminosity Function at z~6
• Accretion onto Intermediate-mass Seed Black Holes in Primordial Galaxies

Cited by in corpus (38)

• The Assembly of the First Massive Black Holes
• Formation of Primordial Supermassive Stars by Rapid Mass Accretion
• Titans of the Early Universe: The Prato Statement on the Origin of the First Supermassive Black Holes
• Supermassive Black Holes from Ultra-Strongly Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• Supermassive Seeds for Supermassive Black Holes
• Finding the First Cosmic Explosions I: Pair-Instability Supernovae
• Two-Dimensional Simulations of Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernovae
• General Relativistic Instability Supernova of a Supermassive Population III Star
• Dark Stars: A Review
• Pair Instability Supernovae of Very Massive Population III Stars
• The Early Growth of the First Black Holes
• Finding the First Cosmic Explosions II: Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Finding the First Cosmic Explosions. III. Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernovae
• Probing the stellar initial mass function with high-$z$ supernovae
• The Biggest Explosions in the Universe
• The impact of reionization on the formation of supermassive black hole seeds
• Pair-Instability Supernovae in the Local Universe
• The First Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Universe
• Stability analysis of supermassive primordial stars: a new mass range for general relativistic instability supernovae
• Cosmic backgrounds due to the formation of the first generation of supermassive black holes
• How the First Stars Regulated Star Formation. II. Enrichment by Nearby Supernovae
• Low-energy Population III supernovae and the origin of extremely metal-poor stars
• Population III Hypernovae
• Finding the First Cosmic Explosions. IV. 90 - 140 M${}_{\odot }$ Pair-Instability Supernovae
• Detecting strongly lensed supernovae at z ~ 5-7 with LSST
• The Role of Inhomogeneities in Supernova Shock Breakout Emission
• Jet-powered supernovae of $\sim 10^5{M}_{\odot }$ population III stars are observable by $Euclid$, $WFIRST$, $WISH$, and $JWST$
• Observational properties of a general relativistic instability supernova from a primordial supermassive star
• Probing the High-Redshift Universe with SPICA: Toward the Epoch of Reionization and Beyond
• How much radioactive nickel does ASASSN-15lh require?
• Evolution and explosions of metal enriched supermassive stars: proton rich general relativistic instability supernovae
• Pulsations of primordial supermassive stars induced by a general relativistic instability; visible to JWST at z$>$12
• Physics of Superluminous Supernovae
• A search for Population III galaxies in CLASH. I. Singly-imaged candidates at high redshift
• Photometric IGM Tomography: Efficiently Mapping Quasar Light Echoes with Deep Narrow Band Imaging
• The effects of convection criteria on the evolution of population III stars and the detectability of their supernovae
• Jet-driven active galactic nucleus feedback in galaxy formation before black hole formation
• Signatures of Exploding Supermassive PopIII Stars at High Redshift in JWST, EUCLID and Roman Space Telescope