Hadron production in nuclear collisions at RHIC and high density QCD

Abstract

We analyze the first results on charged particle multiplicity at RHIC in the conventional eikonal approach and in the framework of high density QCD. We extract the fraction $F$ of the hadron multiplicity originating from ``hard'' (i.e. proportional to the number of binary collisions) processes; we find a strong growth of this fraction with energy: $F(\sqrt{s}=56\mathrm{GeV})\simeq 22$, while $F(\sqrt{s}=130\mathrm{GeV})\simeq 37$. This indicates a rapid increase in the density of the produced particles. We outline the predictions of high density QCD for the centrality, energy, and atomic number dependence of hadron production. Surprisingly, the predictions of the conventional eikonal approach and of high density QCD for centrality dependence of hadron multiplicity at $\sqrt{s}=130\mathrm{GeV}$ appear very similar.

Extended and improved version to appear in Phys.Lett.B

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• Hadron-string cascade versus hydrodynamics in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV
• Ensemble mean ${\mathbf{p}}_{\mathbf{t}}$ vs charged-hadron multiplicities in high energy nuclear collisions
• Saturation momentum scale extracted from semi-inclusive transverse spectra in high-energy pp collisions
• Magnetohydrodynamics and charged currents in heavy ion collisions
• Particle multiplicities at LHC and deviations from limiting fragmentation
• A systematical study of the chiral magnetic effects at the RHIC and LHC energies
• Transverse Momentum Distribution and Elliptic Flow of Charged Hadrons in $U$+$U$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=193$ GeV using HYDJET++
• Gluon saturation and inclusive production at low transverse momenta
• Estimation of the chiral magnetic effect considering the magnetic field response of the QGP medium
• Nuclear modification factor in an anisotropic {\em Quark-Gluon-Plasma}
• Energy and centrality dependence of particle multiplicity in heavy ion collisions from $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}$ = 20 to 2760 GeV
• Instanton-induced Semi-hard Parton Interactions and Phenomenology of High Energy Hadron Collisions
• Event-by-event mean $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ fluctuations and transverse size of color flux tube generated in $p$-$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=0.90TeV
• Transverse momentum spectra and elliptic flow in ideal hydrodynamics and geometric scaling
• A benchmark of initial state models for heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=$ 27 and 62 GeV
• Scaling properties of direct photon yields in heavy ion collisions
• Study of the behavior of nuclear modification factor in freeze-out state
• Collective nuclear vibrations and initial state shape fluctuations in central Pb+Pb collisions: resolving the $v_2$ to $v_3$ puzzle
• Particle multiplicities in the central region of high-energy collisions from $k_T$-factorization with running coupling corrections
• Updated analysis of jet quenching at RHIC and LHC within the light cone path integral approach
• Glauber model for small system using anisotropic and inhomogeneous density profile of proton
• QCD motivated approach to soft interactions at high energies: nucleus-nucleus and hadron-nucleus collisions
• Two-component model of 2D trigger-associated hadron correlations on rapidity space ${\mathbf{y}}_{\mathbf{ta}}\times {\mathbf{y}}_{\mathbf{tt}}$ derived from 1D ${\mathbf{p}}_{\mathbf{t}}$ spectra for p-p collisions at $\sqrt{\mathbf{s}}=200$ GeV
• Forward-backward multiplicity fluctuations in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions with wounded quarks and fluctuating strings
• QCD Matter Thermalization at RHIC and LHC
• CGC, QCD Saturation and RHIC data (Kharzeev-Levin-McLerran-Nardi point of view)
• The Colour Glass Condensate
• Bose-Einstein correlations in perturbative QCD: $v_n$ dependence on multiplicity
• Studies of multiplicity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Multibin correlations in a superposition approach to relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Multiplicity fluctuations in the Glauber Monte Carlo approach
• Centrality and $\sqrt{s_{NN}}Dependenceofthe$dE_{T}/dη$and$dN_{ch}/dη$ in Heavy Ion Collisions at Mid-Rapidity
• Glasma flux tubes vs minimum-bias jets in 2D angular correlations on $\eta$ and $\varphi$
• Inclusive production in a QCD and N=4 SYM motivated model for soft interactions
• Azimuthal quadrupole correlation from gluon interference in 200 GeV and 7 TeV p+p collisions
• Energy and Centrality dependence of $d{N}_{\mathrm{ch}}/d\eta$ and $d{E}_{\mathrm{T}}/d\eta$ in Heavy-Ion Collisions from $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ =7.7 GeV to 5.02 TeV
• Elliptic and Triangular Flow of Identified Particles from the AMPT Model at RHIC Energies
• Jet production in pA and AA collisions in the perturbative QCD pomeron model
• Colour strings vs. hard pomeron in perturbative QCD
• A geometrical estimation of saturation of partonic densities
• Single diffractive production of open heavy flavor mesons
• Collective flow and hydrodynamics in large and small systems at the LHC
• Initial conditions and charged multiplicities in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Gluon multiplicity in coherent diffraction of onium on a heavy nucleus
• Spectrum of diffractively produced gluons in onium-nucleus collisions
• Elliptic flow from partially thermalized heavy-ion collisions
• Phenomenological models of two-particle correlation distributions on transverse momentum in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Quarkonium suppression as a probe of a saturated gluon plasma ?
• Rapidity dependence of the photon to pion production ratio in high energy collisions
• High-energy heavy-ions physics: from RHIC to LHC
• The effect of initial nuclear deformation on dielectron photoproduction in hadronic heavy-ion collisions
• Probing Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=2760$ GeV with spectators
• Non-extensive (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamics for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Important experimental observables at RHIC
• Forward Hadron Productions in high energy pp collisions from a Monte-Carlo generator for Color Glass Condensate
• Relativistic Heavy-Ion Physics: Experimental Overview
• Impact of Multiplicity Fluctuations on Entropy Scaling Across System Size
• Phenomenology of collinear photon emission from quark-gluon plasma in $AA$ collisions
• Optimal modeling of 1D azimuth correlations in the context of Bayesian inference
• Jet-dilepton conversion from an anisotropic quark-gluon plasma
• Freeze-out dynamics at RHIC
• Additional $J/\Psi$ Suppression from High Density Effects
• On statistical fluctuations in collective flows
• Multiplicity-dependent saturation momentum in $p$-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV
• Universal Freezeout Condition for Charged Hadrons in a Hybrid Approach
• Initial conditions from the shadowed Glauber model for Pb+Pb at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• Influence of collective nuclear vibrations on initial state eccentricities in Pb+Pb collisions
• Saturation scale fluctuations and multi-particle rapidity correlations
• Multiplicity dependence of ${\chi }_c$ and ${\chi }_b$ meson production
• Pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.36 TeV
• Parton energy loss at strong coupling and the universal bound
• The Emerging QCD Frontier: The Electron Ion Collider
• Low-x QCD with CMS at the LHC
• Beam-energy and system-size dependence of the CME
• Inclusive cross-sections for jet production in nucleus-nucleus collisions in perturbative QCD
• Measurement of charged hadron multiplicity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{{\text{s}}_{\text{NN}}}=200$ GeV with the sPHENIX detector
• On the Nuclear Modification Factor at RHIC and LHC
• $J/\psi$ suppression in Pb+Pb collisions and $p_T$ broadening
• Medium-modification of photon-tagged jets in $AA$ collisions
• Strangeness production in high-multiplicity events
• Open and hidden charm production in pA collisions
• Multiplicity and transverse energy of produced gluon in relativistic heavy ion collision
• Heavy quark production in Color Glass Condensate
• Initial conditions of heavy ion collisions and small x
• Strangeness Production at RHIC in the Perturbative Regim
• Two Ridges, One Explanation
• Transverse Energy per Charged Particle in Heavy-Ion Collisions: Role of Collective Flow
• Gluon saturation effects on J/Psi production in heavy ion collisions
• Iron Air collision with high density QCD
• Charged-particle multiplicity and transverse-energy distribution using the Weibull-Glauber approach in heavy-ion collisions
• Comparison of Nuclear Suppression Effects on Meson Production at High p_T and p_L
• Average $p_t$ as a probe of high energy QCD dynamics
• Electroproduction of $D$- and $B$-mesons in high-multiplicity $ep$ collisions
• Comparing the PYTHIA Monte Carlo to a two-component (soft + hard) model of hadron production in high-energy p-p collisions
• Measurement of the transverse energy density in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV with the sPHENIX detector
• Multiplicity Moments and Hard Processes in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Comprehending particle production at RHIC and LHC energies using global measurements
• What are we learning from RHIC?
• Structure of the medium formed in heavy ion collisions
• From RHIC to EIC: Nuclear Structure Functions
• Jet quenching for heavy flavors in $AA$ and $pp$ collisions
• A random walk with heavy flavours
• Centrality, system size and energy dependences of charged-particle pseudo-rapidity distribution
• Nuclear absorption and anomalous $J/\psi$ suppression in Pb+Pb collisions
• RHIC data and small x physics
• Fluctuation and flow probes of early-time correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• An improved method to access initial states in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Understanding saturation and AA collisions with an eA collider
• Radiative parton energy loss and baryon stopping in $AA$ collisions
• Elliptic Flow from Color Glass Condensate
• Relativistic diffusion model for hadron production in p-Pb collisions at the LHC
• Estimation of Collision Impact Parameter
• Summary of Results on Hard Probes
• Forward-backward multiplicity correlations at the LHC from independent sources
• Beam energy dependence of transverse momentum distribution and elliptic flow in Au-Au collisions using HYDJET++ model
• Initial Conditions and Global Event Properties from Color Glass Condensate
• Jet quenching in mini-quark-gluon plasma: Medium modification factor $I_{pA}$ for photon-tagged jets
• Transverse Energy ($E_T$) distributions at mid-rapidity in $p$$+$$p$, $d$$+$Au and Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}$=200 GeV and implications for particle production models
• On wounded constituents in nuclear collisions
• Gluon saturation and pseudo-rapidity distributions of charged hadrons at RHIC energy regions
• Theoretical aspects of relativistic spin hydrodynamics coupled with electromagnetic fields
• Baryon kinetic energy loss in the color flux tube model
• Elliptic Flow and Shear Viscosity of the Shattered Color Glass Condensate
• Baryon enhancement in high-density QCD and relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Effect of running coupling on photon emission from quark gluon plasma
• Geometrical Scaling of Direct Photons in Relativistic Heavy Ion and d+Au Collisions
• Elastic parton scattering and non-statistical event-by-event mean-pt fluctuations in Au + Au collisions at RHIC
• Investigation of the Spectator Effect on Light Nuclei Production in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at High Baryon Density Region