Intermediate and Extreme Mass-Ratio Inspirals -- Astrophysics, Science Applications and Detection using LISA

Abstract

Black hole binaries with extreme ($\gtrsim 10^4:1$) or intermediate ($\sim 10^2-10^4:1$) mass ratios are among the most interesting gravitational wave sources that are expected to be detected by the proposed Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. These sources have the potential to tell us much about astrophysics, but are also of unique importance for testing aspects of the general theory of relativity in the strong field regime. Here we discuss these sources from the perspectives of astrophysics, data analysis, and applications to testing general relativity, providing both a description of the current state of knowledge and an outline of some of the outstanding questions that still need to be addressed. This review grew out of discussions at a workshop in September 2006 hosted by the Albert Einstein Institute in Golm, Germany.

47 pages, 9 figures, review accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity (needs revtex4.cls, included) after minor changes

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• Self force via m-mode regularization and 2+1D evolution: Foundations and a scalar-field implementation on Schwarzschild
• Gravitational waves from extreme mass ratio inspirals around bumpy black holes
• Can supernova kicks trigger EMRIs in the Galactic Centre?
• A cosmological view of extreme mass-ratio inspirals in nuclear star clusters
• Analytic post-Newtonian expansion of the energy and angular momentum radiated to infinity by eccentric-orbit non-spinning extreme-mass-ratio inspirals to 19PN
• Improved gravitational radiation time-scales II: spin-orbit contributions and environmental perturbations
• Effective source approach to self-force calculations
• Gravitational wave from extreme mass-ratio inspirals as a probe of extra dimensions
• Scalar self-force for highly eccentric equatorial orbits in Kerr spacetime
• Fast spectral source integration in black hole perturbation calculations
• Generic effective source for scalar self-force calculations
• Exploring waveforms with non-GR deviations for extreme mass-ratio inspirals
• Post-ISCO Ringdown Amplitudes in Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral
• Extreme-mass-ratio burst detection with TianQin
• Importance of including small body spin effects in the modelling of intermediate mass-ratio inspirals. II Accurate parameter extraction of strong sources using higher-order spin effects
• Repeated faint quasinormal bursts in extreme-mass-ratio inspiral waveforms: Evidence from frequency-domain scalar self-force calculations on generic Kerr orbits
• Complete set of quasi-conserved quantities for spinning particles around Kerr
• Prospects of detecting deviations to Kerr geometry with radiation reaction effects in EMRIs
• The Gravitational Wave Universe Toolbox: A software package to simulate observation of the Gravitational Wave Universe with different detectors
• The butterfly effect in the extreme-mass ratio inspiral problem
• Comparing numerical and analytical calculations of post-ISCO ringdown amplitudes
• Extreme mass-ratio gravitational-wave sources: Mass segregation and post binary tidal-disruption captures
• Self-force: Computational Strategies
• Extreme mass ratio inspirals in galaxies with dark matter halos
• Constraining the spin parameter of near-extremal black holes using LISA
• Gravitational wave surrogate model for spinning, intermediate mass ratio binaries based on perturbation theory and numerical relativity
• Can we Detect Intermediate Mass Ratio Inspirals?
• Gravitational wave emission under general parametrized metric from extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Determination of new coefficients in the angular momentum and energy fluxes at infinity to 9PN for eccentric Schwarzschild extreme-mass-ratio inspirals using mode-by-mode fitting
• On the progenitors of AM CVn stars as LISA sources: the evolved donor star channel
• Identification of Gravitational-waves from Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
• Effect of mass loss due to stellar winds on the formation of supermassive black hole seeds in dense nuclear star clusters
• Gravitational-wave captures by intermediate-mass black holes in galactic nuclei
• Gravitational Encounters and the Evolution of Galactic Nuclei. IV. Captures Mediated by Gravitational-Wave Energy Loss
• Sharpening the dark matter signature in gravitational waveforms I: Accretion and eccentricity evolution
• Formation of supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei II: retention and growth of seed intermediate-mass black holes
• Impact of a Midband Gravitational Wave Experiment On Detectability of Cosmological Stochastic Gravitational Wave Backgrounds
• LISA stellar-mass black hole searches with semicoherent and particle-swarm methods
• Quasi-local black hole horizons
• Stars as resonant absorbers of gravitational waves
• Resonances in Extreme Mass-Ratio Inspirals: Asymptotic and Hyperasymptotic Analysis
• Time-frequency analysis of extreme-mass-ratio inspiral signals in mock LISA data
• Gravitational waves from the collision of tidally disrupted stars with massive black holes
• Rapid determination of LISA sensitivity to extreme mass ratio inspirals with machine learning
• Spin dynamics of a millisecond pulsar orbiting closely around a massive black hole
• A consistency-test for determining whether ultra-compact dwarf galaxies could be the remnant nuclei of threshed galaxies
• Inner radius and energy conditions of dark matter halos surrounding Schwarzschild black holes
• Limits on Runaway Growth of Intermediate Mass Black Holes from Advanced LIGO
• Disformally Coupled Scalar Fields and Inspiralling Trajectories
• LISA sources from young massive and open stellar clusters
• Detecting electric charge with Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
• The gravitational capture of compact objects by massive black holes
• A bright electromagnetic counterpart to extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Constraining Screened Modified Gravity by Space-borne Gravitational-wave Detectors
• Geodesic motion in equal angular momenta Myers-Perry-AdS spacetimes
• Extreme mass ratio inspirals: perspectives for their detection
• SRG/eROSITA No. 5: Discovery of quasi-periodic eruptions every ~3.7 days from a galaxy at z>0.1
• Bound Orbits and Gravitational Wave Radiation Around the Hairy Black Hole
• Probing horizon scale quantum effects with Love
• Excitation of Kerr quasinormal modes in extreme--mass-ratio inspirals
• Binaries Wandering Around Supermassive Black Holes Due To Gravito-electromagnetism
• Analytical effective-one-body formalism for extreme-mass-ratio inspirals: eccentric orbits
• Unraveling Cosmological Anisotropies within Stochastic Gravitational Wave Backgrounds
• Strong deflection of massive particles in spherically symmetric spacetimes
• Transition from inspiral to plunge into a highly spinning black hole
• Gravitomagnetism and Pulsar Beam Precession near a Kerr Black Hole
• Eccentric-orbit EMRI radiation: Analytic forms of leading-logarithm and subleading-logarithm flux terms at high PN orders
• Tidal disruptions of separated binaries in galactic nuclei
• Relativistic Resonant Relations between Massive Black Hole Binary and Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral
• Compact object mergers: Observations of supermassive binary black holes and stellar tidal disruption events
• Probing modified gravitational-wave propagation with extreme mass-ratio inspirals
• Equatorial periodic orbits and gravitational waveforms in a black hole free of Cauchy horizon
• Phenomenological relationship between eccentric and quasi-circular orbital binary black hole waveform
• Examining subgrid models of supermassive black holes in cosmological simulation
• Detecting Fundamental Vector Fields with LISA
• The LISA Data Challenge Radler Analysis and Time-dependent Ultra-compact Binary Catalogues
• Self-forces on static bodies in arbitrary dimensions
• Synchronizing the EMRIs and IMRIs in AGN accretion disks
• Testing gravity with Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals
• Excitation of high frequency voices from intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals with large eccentricity
• Spin and Quadrupole Couplings for High Spin Equatorial Intermediate Mass-ratio Coalescences
• Calibrating the binary black hole population in nuclear star clusters through tidal disruption events
• Generation of gravitational waves and tidal disruptions in clumpy galaxies
• Premerger detection of massive black hole binaries using deep learning
• Simulations of Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals Using Pseudospectral Methods
• Very extreme mass-ratio bursts in the Galaxy and neighbouring galaxies in relation to space-borne detectors
• LION :Laser Interferometer On the mooN
• Searching for gravitational waves via Doppler tracking by future missions to Uranus and Neptune
• Influence of mass-ratio corrections in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals for testing general relativity
• Hunting intermediate-mass black holes with LISA binary radial velocity measurements
• Geometrized effective-one-body formalism for extreme-mass-ratio limits: Generic orbits
• Comparison of post-Newtonian templates for extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Observing white dwarf tidal stripping with TianQin gravitational wave observatory
• Intermediate-mass black hole binary parameter estimation with next-generation ground-based detector networks
• The eccentricity enhancement effect of intermediate-mass-ratio-inspirals: dark matter and black hole mass
• Survey of gravitational wave memory in intermediate mass ratio binaries
• Accurate modeling of intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals: Exploring the form of the self-force in the intermediate-mass-ratio regime
• Detection of Gravitational Waves using Parametric Resonance in Bose-Einstein Condensates
• On the Tidal Capture of White Dwarfs by Intermediate-mass Black Holes in Dense Stellar Environments
• Constraining the EdGB Theory with Extreme Mass-Ratio Inspirals
• Determining the nature of white dwarfs from low-frequency gravitational waves
• Segregation and Collisions in Galactic Nuclei: Rates of Destructive Events Near a Supermassive Black Hole
• Hanging on the cliff: Extreme mass ratio inspiral formation with local two-body relaxation and post-Newtonian dynamics
• Verifying black hole orbits with gravitational spectroscopy
• Evolution of a black hole cluster in full general relativity
• Time domain maximum likelihood parameter estimation in LISA Pathfinder Data Analysis
• Gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation from charged black hole binaries
• Formal Solution of the Fourth Order Killing equations for Stationary Axisymmetric Vacuum Spacetimes
• Imprint of Early Dark Energy in Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• Black Hole Discs and Spheres in Galactic Nuclei -- Exploring the Landscape of Vector Resonant Relaxation Equilibria
• Binary Natal Kicks in the Galactic Center: X-ray Binaries, Hypervelocity Stars, and Gravitational Waves
• Scattering of scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational waves from binary systems
• Mission Design for the TAIJI misson and Structure Formation in Early Universe
• Gravitational wave spectral synthesis
• Resonant excitation of eccentricity in spherical extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
• Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with TianQin
• Stellar Relaxation Processes Near the Galactic Massive Black Hole
• High-precision source characterization of intermediate mass-ratio black hole coalescences with gravitational waves: The importance of higher-order multipoles
• Detectability of Gravitational Wave from a population of Inspiralling Black Holes in Milky Way Mass Galaxies
• Tuning Time-Domain Pseudospectral Computations of the Self-Force on a Charged Scalar Particle
• The gravitational wave background from star-massive black hole fly-bys
• The missing link in gravitational-wave astronomy: A summary of discoveries waiting in the decihertz range
• Relativistic scattering of a fast spinning neutron star by a massive black hole
• Eccentricity distribution of extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Intermediate-mass ratio inspirals in merging elliptical galaxies
• Observational prospects for phase transitions at LISA: Fisher matrix analysis
• Gravitational Burst Radiation from Pulsars in the Galactic centre and stellar clusters
• In the grip of the disk: dragging the companion through an AGN
• Assessing the systematic errors of extreme-mass-ratio inspirals waveforms for testing general relativity
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• A Fisher matrix for gravitational-wave population inference
• Post-Newtonian expansion of gravitational energy and angular momentum fluxes: inclined spherical orbits about a Kerr black hole
• Extended mass distribution of PBHs during QCD phase transition: SGWB and mini-EMRIs
• Identification of Intermediate-mass Black Hole Candidates Among a Sample of Sd Galaxies
• Post-adiabatic waveforms from extreme mass ratio inspirals in the presence of dark matter
• Dynamics of galactic nuclei: Mass segregation and collisions
• Observable Signatures of EMRI Black Hole Binaries Embedded in Thin Accretion Disks
• Testing dispersion of gravitational waves from eccentric extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
• Accelerated parameter estimation of supermassive black hole binaries in LISA using a meshfree approximation
• Gravitational Radiation-Driven Chaotic Tide in a White Dwarf-Massive Black Hole Binary as a Source of Repeating X-ray Transients
• Gravitational Dynamics of Large Stellar Systems
• Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter Spikes
• The GWs from the S-stars revolving around the SMBH at Sgr A*
• Distinguishing compact objects in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals by gravitational waves
• A follow-up on intermediate-mass black hole candidates in the second LIGO-Virgo observing run with the Bayes Coherence Ratio
• A note on the conversion of orbital angles for extreme mass ratio inspirals
• An Arena for Multi-Messenger Astrophysics: Inspiral and Tidal Disruption of White Dwarfs by Massive Black Holes
• Toward exponentially-convergent simulations of extreme-mass-ratio inspirals: A time-domain solver for the scalar Teukolsky equation with singular source terms
• Post-Newtonian expansion of fluxes from a scalar charge on an inclined-spherical orbit about a Kerr black hole
• Scalar Self-force for High Spin Black Holes
• Gravitomagnetic corrections on gravitational waves
• Impact of mass transfer on the orbital evolution of a white dwarf close to an intermediate-mass black hole
• Space-based Gravitational Wave Observatories
• Superconvergent Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Scalar Teukolsky Equation on Hyperboloidal Domains: Efficient Waveform and Self-Force Computation
• SgrA* spin and mass estimates through the detection of multiple extremely large mass-ratio inspirals
• Concept Study of a Storage Ring-based Gravitational Wave Observatory: Gravitational Wave Strain and Synchrotron Radiation Noise
• Testing Modified Gravity with Gravitational Wave Astronomy
• Shadow constraints of charged black hole with scalar hair and gravitational waves from extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Mass and spin coevolution of black holes inspiralling through dark matter
• Near-horizon gravitational perturbations of rotating black holes
• Gravitational radiations from periodic orbits around a black hole in the effective field theory extension of general relativity
• Preliminary forecasting constraint on scalar charge with LISA in non-vacuum environments
• Revealing massive black hole astrophysics: The potential of hierarchical inference with extreme mass-ratio inspiral observations
• Fake plunges are very eccentric real EMRIs in disguise ... they dominate the rates and are blissfully ignorant of angular momentum barriers
• Periodic orbits and gravitational waveforms of black holes in bumblebee gravity
• Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves from Astrophysical Sources: Theory, Detection, and Applications
• Measurement of the central Galactic black hole by extremely large mass-ratio inspirals
• Revised event rates for extreme and extremely large mass-ratio inspirals
• Gravitational waves from sub-solar mass primordial black holes
• The scientific potential of space-based gravitational wave detectors
• The impact of relativistic corrections on the detectability of dark-matter spikes with gravitational waves
• Linking gravitational waves and X-ray phenomena with joint LISA and Athena observations
• There and back again: Outspiraling motion in non-Kerr compact objects
• Dirty waveforms: multiband harmonic content of gas-embedded gravitational wave sources
• Prospects for detecting asteroid-mass primordial black holes in extreme mass-ratio inspirals with continuous gravitational waves
• Exploiting Newton-factorized, 2PN-accurate, waveform multipoles in effective-one-body models for spin-aligned noncircularized binaries
• Adiabatic evolution due to the conservative scalar self-force during orbital resonances
• Understanding the importance of transient resonances in extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals triggered by Massive Black Hole Binaries: from Relativistic Dynamics to Cosmological Rates
• Direct N-body simulations of rotating and extremely massive Population III star clusters
• Constructing a gravitational wave analysis pipeline for extremely large mass ratio inspirals
• Extreme mass-ratio inspirals as probes of scalar fields: eccentric equatorial orbits around Kerr black holes
• Gravitational Radiation from Neutron Stars and Black Holes
• Gravitational Wave Signatures of Quasi-Periodic Eruptions: LISA Detection Prospects for RX J1301.9+2747
• Searching for gravitational waves emitted by binaries with spinning components