Milli-Hertz Gravitational Wave Background Produced by Quasi-Periodic Eruptions

Abstract

Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are important targets for future space-borne gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, such as the Laser Interferometer Sapce Antenna (LISA). Recent works suggest that EMRI may reside in a population of newly discovered X-ray transients called "quasi-periodic eruptions" (QPEs). Here we follow this scenario and investigate the detectability of the five recently discovered QPEs by LISA. We consider two specific models in which the QPEs are made of either stellar-mass objects moving on circular orbits around massive black holes (MBHs) or white dwarfs (WDs) on eccentric orbits around MBHs. We find that in either case each QPE is too weak to be resolvable by LISA. However, if QPEs are made of eccentric WD-MBH binaries, they radiate GWs in a wide range of frequencies. The broad spectra overlap to form a background which, between $0.003-0.02$ Hz, exceeds the background known to exist due to other types of sources. Presence of this GW background in the LISA band could impact the future search for the seed black holes at high redshift as well as the stellar-mass binary black holes in the local universe.

arXiv comment7 pages, 3 figures, comments welcome!

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• Repeating tidal disruptions in GSN 069: Long-term evolution and constraints on quasi-periodic eruptions' models
• Quasi--Periodic Eruptions from Galaxy Nuclei
• Tormund's return: Hints of quasi-periodic eruption features from a recent optical tidal disruption event
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• Alive and kicking: A new QPE phase in GSN 069 revealing a quiescent luminosity threshold for QPEs
• Gravitational Wave Astronomy With TianQin
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• Tidal Stripping of a White Dwarf by an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole
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• Repeating Nuclear Transients as Candidate Electromagnetic Counterparts of LISA Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
• Angular Momentum Transfer in QPEs from Galaxy Nuclei
• Observing white dwarf tidal stripping with TianQin gravitational wave observatory
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• Why are Quasiperiodic Eruptions only Found in Low-Mass Galaxies?
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• Searching for Quasi-Periodic Eruptions using Machine Learning
• Can GRB 250702B be explained as the tidal disruption of a white dwarf by an intermediate mass black hole? Yes
• Impact of mass transfer on the orbital evolution of a white dwarf close to an intermediate-mass black hole
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• Gravitational Wave Signatures of Quasi-Periodic Eruptions: LISA Detection Prospects for RX J1301.9+2747
• Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals in Light of Quasi-periodic Eruptions: Milli-Hertz Gravitational Wave Background