On the progenitors of AM CVn stars as LISA sources: the evolved donor star channel

Abstract

The space gravitational wave (GW) detector Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) that was planed to launch in the early 2030s is to detect the low-frequency GW signals in the Galaxy. AM CVn stars were generally thought to be important low-frequency GW sources. Employing the MESA code, in this work we calculate the evolution of a great number of binary systems consisting of a white dwarf (WD) and a main sequence (MS) star, and diagnose whether their descendants-AM CVn stars can be visible by the LISA. The simulated results show that the progenitors of these LISA sources within a distance of 1 kpc are WD-MS binaries with a donor star of $1.0-1.4M_{\odot }$ (for initial WD mass of $0.5M_{\odot }$) or $1.0-2.0M_{\odot }$ (for initial WD mass of $0.7M_{\odot }$), and an initial orbital period slightly smaller than the bifurcation period. Our simulations also indicate ten verification AM CVn sources can be reproduced by the standard magnetic braking model, and are potential LISA sources. Based on the birthrate of AM CVns simulated by the population synthesis, the birthrate of AM CVn-LISA sources evolving from the evolved donor star channel within a distance of 1 kpc can be estimated to be $(0.6-1.4)\times 10^{-6}\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$, and the predicted number of AM CVn-LISA sources is about $340-810$. Therefore, the evolved donor star channel play an important role in forming AM CVn-LISA sources in the Galaxy.

8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, Accepted by ApJ

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Cited by in corpus (18)

• A catalogue of cataclysmic variables from 20 years of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with new classifications, periods, trends and oddities
• Gravitational Wave Astronomy With TianQin
• Discovery and characterization of five new eclipsing AM CVn systems
• Ultra-compact X-ray binaries with He star companions
• Reversing the verdict: Cataclysmic variables could be the dominant progenitors of AM CVn binaries after all
• Evolution of AM CVn binaries with WD donors
• Formation and Evolution of Accreting Compact Objects
• Black Hole Ultra-compact X-ray Binaries: Galactic Low-Frequency Gravitational Wave Sources
• Probing the efficiency of tidal synchronization in outspiralling double white dwarf binaries with LISA
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• Influence of irradiation-driven winds on the evolution of intermediate-mass black hole X-ray binaries
• Ultra-compact X-ray Binaries: A Review
• The evolutionary history of ultra-compact accreting binaries. I. Chemical abundances and formation channel of the eclipsing AM CVn system ZTF J225237.05-051917.4 from HST spectroscopy