Extreme mass ratio inspirals and tidal disruption events in nuclear clusters. I. Time dependent rates
arXiv:2205.06277 · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1453
Abstract
In this paper we develop a computationally efficient, two-population, time-dependent Fokker-Plank approach in the two dimensions of energy and angular momentum to study the rates of tidal disruption events (TDEs), extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) and direct plunges occurring around massive black holes (MBHs) in galactic nuclei. We test our code by exploring a wide range of the astrophysically relevant parameter space, including MBH masses, galaxy central densities and inner density slopes. We find that mass segregation and, more in general, the time dependency of the distribution function regulate the event rate: TDEs always decline with time, whereas EMRIs and plunges reach a maximum and undergo a subsequent nearly exponential decay. Once suitably normalized, the rates associated to different choices of MBH mass and galaxy density overlap nearly perfectly. Based on this, we provide a simple scaling that allows to reproduce the time-dependent event rates for any MBH mass and underlying galactic nucleus. Although our peak rates are in general agreement with the literature relying on the steady-state (non-time dependent) assumption, those can be sustained on a timescale that strongly depends on the properties of the system. In particular this can be much shorter than a Gyr for relatively light MBHs residing in dense systems. This warns against using steady state models to compute global TDE, EMRI and plunge rates and calls for a more sophisticated, time dependent treatment of the problem.
arXiv comment14 pages, 10 figures, submitted to MNRAS
References in corpus (41)
- The M-sigma and M-L Relations in Galactic Bulges and Determinations of their Intrinsic Scatter
- Science with the space-based interferometer LISA. V: Extreme mass-ratio inspirals
- LISA Capture Sources: Approximate Waveforms, Signal-to-Noise Ratios, and Parameter Estimation Accuracy
- Intermediate and Extreme Mass-Ratio Inspirals -- Astrophysics, Science Applications and Detection using LISA
- Optical Flares from the Tidal Disruption of Stars by Massive Black Holes
- Rates of Stellar Tidal Disruption as Probes of the Supermassive Black Hole Mass Function
- Stellar disruption by a supermassive black hole: is the light curve really proportional to ?
- Nuclear Star Clusters
- Seventeen Tidal Disruption Events from the First Half of ZTF Survey Observations: Entering a New Era of Population Studies
- Starbursts near supermassive black holes: young stars in the Galactic Center, and gravitational waves in LISA band
- A Family of Models for Spherical Stellar Systems
- Multiband lightcurves of tidal disruption events
- Testing General Relativity with Low-Frequency, Space-Based Gravitational-Wave Detectors
- Using LISA EMRI sources to test off-Kerr deviations in the geometry of massive black holes
- The structure of the nuclear stellar cluster of the Milky Way
- Tidal disruption and ignition of white dwarfs by moderately massive black holes
- Precision of Hubble constant derived using black hole binary absolute distances and statistical redshift information
- Relativistic Dynamics and Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
- The orbital statistics of stellar inspiral and relaxation near a massive black hole: characterizing gravitational wave sources
- Tidal stellar disruptions by massive black hole pairs: II. Decaying binaries
- Confusion Noise from LISA Capture Sources
- The Mock LISA Data Challenges: from Challenge 3 to Challenge 4
- Binary Encounters With Supermassive Black Holes: Zero-Eccentricity LISA Events
- Formation Rate of Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals in Active Galactic Nuclei
- On strong mass segregation around a massive black hole: Implications for lower-frequency gravitational-wave astrophysics
- LISA extreme-mass-ratio inspiral events as probes of the black hole mass function
- Steady state relativistic stellar dynamics around a massive black hole
- The impact of realistic models of mass segregation on the event rate of extreme-mass ratio inspirals and cusp re-growth
- The discovery of a highly accreting, radio-loud quasar at z=6.82
- Gravitational wave background from extreme mass ratio inspirals
- A new Fokker-Planck approach for relaxation-driven evolution of galactic nuclei
- Gravitational wave cosmology with extreme mass-ratio inspirals
- X-ray properties of TDEs
- Observing white dwarfs orbiting massive black holes in the gravitational wave and electro-magnetic window
- Enhancement of the tidal disruption event rate in galaxies with a nuclear star cluster: from dwarfs to ellipticals
- Can supernova kicks trigger EMRIs in the Galactic Centre?
- Mass-gap extreme mass ratio inspirals
- Supernova Kicks and Dynamics of Compact Remnants in the Galactic Centre
- Tidal disruption events in post-starburst galaxies: the importance of a complete stellar mass function
- Gravitational Encounters and the Evolution of Galactic Nuclei. IV. Captures Mediated by Gravitational-Wave Energy Loss
- Generation of gravitational waves and tidal disruptions in clumpy galaxies
Cited by in corpus (26)
- Quasi-periodic eruptions from impacts between the secondary and a rigidly precessing accretion disc in an extreme mass-ratio inspiral system
- The Effect of Thermal Torques on AGN Disc Migration Traps and Gravitational Wave Populations
- Probing orbits of stellar mass objects deep in galactic nuclei with quasi-periodic eruptions
- The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: Mission Studies and Science Case
- Probing orbits of stellar mass objects deep in galactic nuclei with quasi-periodic eruptions -- II: population analysis
- Impact of relativistic waveforms in LISA's science objectives with extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
- On the impact of relativistic gravity on the rate of tidal disruption events
- Partial stellar tidal disruption events and their rates
- Embers of Active Galactic Nuclei: Tidal Disruption Events and Quasiperiodic Eruptions
- An Explanation for Overrepresentation of Tidal Disruption Events in Post-starburst Galaxies
- Rapid determination of LISA sensitivity to extreme mass ratio inspirals with machine learning
- Dynamics around supermassive black holes: Extreme mass-ratio inspirals as gravitational-wave sources
- Accretion-modified stellar-mass black hole distribution and milli-Hz gravitational wave backgrounds from galaxy centre
- Rates of Stellar Tidal Disruption Events around Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
- Rapid formation of a very massive star >50000 and subsequently an IMBH from runaway collisions. Direct N-body and Monte Carlo simulations of dense star clusters
- Demographics of Tidal Disruption Events with L-Galaxies: I. Volumetric TDE rates and the abundance of Nuclear Star Clusters
- Hanging on the cliff: Extreme mass ratio inspiral formation with local two-body relaxation and post-Newtonian dynamics
- Segregation and Collisions in Galactic Nuclei: Rates of Destructive Events Near a Supermassive Black Hole
- Secondary spins of extreme mass ratio inspirals: A probe to the formation channels
- Eccentricity distribution of extreme mass ratio inspirals
- Energy Flux and Particle Flux in Steady-State Solutions of Nuclear Star Clusters
- Gravitational waves from an eccentric population of primordial black holes orbiting Sgr A
- Co-evolution of Nuclear Star Clusters and Massive Black Holes: Extreme Mass-Ratio Inspirals
- Revealing massive black hole astrophysics: The potential of hierarchical inference with extreme mass-ratio inspiral observations
- Disks of Stars in the Galactic center triggered by Tidal Disruption Events
- Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals in Light of Quasi-periodic Eruptions: Milli-Hertz Gravitational Wave Background