A Census of the Young Cluster IC 348

Abstract

We present a new census of the stellar and substellar members of the young cluster IC 348. We have obtained images at I and Z for a 42'x28' field encompassing the cluster and have combined these measurements with previous optical and near-infrared photometry. From spectroscopy of candidate cluster members appearing in these data, we have identified 122 new members, 15 of which have spectral types of M6.5-M9, corresponding to masses of 0.08-0.015 M_sun by recent evolutionary models. The latest census for IC 348 now contains a total of 288 members, 23 of which are later than M6 and thus are likely to be brown dwarfs. From an extinction-limited sample of members (A_V<=4) for a 16'x14' field centered on the cluster, we construct an IMF that is unbiased in mass and nearly complete for M/M_sun>=0.03 (<=M8). In logarithmic units where the Salpeter slope is 1.35, the mass function for IC 348 rises from high masses down to a solar mass, rises more slowly down to a maximum at 0.1-0.2 M_sun, and then declines into the substellar regime. In comparison, the similarly-derived IMF for Taurus from Briceno et al. and Luhman et al. rises quickly to a peak near 0.8 M_sun and steadily declines to lower masses. The distinctive shapes of the IMFs in IC 348 and Taurus are reflected in the distributions of spectral types, which peak at M5 and K7, respectively. These data provide compelling, model-independent evidence for a significant variation of the IMF with star-forming conditions.

47 pages, 14 figures, 3rd para of 4.5.3 has been added, this is final version in press at ApJ, also found at http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/sfgroup/preprints.html

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• HST survey of the Orion Nebula Cluster in the H${}_2$O 1.4 $\mu$m absorption band: I. A census of substellar and planetary mass objects
• A near-infrared survey for new low-mass members in Alpha Per
• Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS) VI. A sulphur journey across star-forming regions: study of thioformaldehyde emission
• Connecting X-ray and Infrared Variability among Young Stellar Objects: Ruling out potential sources of disk fluctuations
• A proper motion study of the Lupus clouds using VO tools
• The Gould's Belt Very Large Array Survey V: The Perseus Region
• Young brown dwarfs at high cadence: Warm Spitzer time series monitoring of very low mass Sigma Orionis cluster members
• IN-SYNC. VIII. Primordial Disk Frequencies in NGC 1333, IC 348, and the Orion A Molecular Cloud
• Orbital Motion of Young Binaries in Ophiuchus and Upper Centaurus-Lupus
• The Cornell High-order Adaptive Optics Survey for Brown Dwarfs in Stellar Systems-II: Results from Monte Carlo Population Analyses
• Using Narrow Band Photometry to Detect Young Brown Dwarfs in IC348
• FLAMINGOS Near Infra-Red Survey of The Serpens Cloud Main Core
• Optical spectroscopy of X-ray sources in the Taurus molecular cloud: discovery of ten new pre-main sequence stars
• ROTSE observations of the young cluster IC 348
• Sensitive survey for 13CO, CN, H2CO, and SO in the disks of T Tauri and Herbig Ae stars II: Stars in $\rho$ Oph and upper Scorpius
• New companions in the stellar systems of DI Cha, Sz 22, CHXR 32, and Cha Halpha 5 in the Cha I star-forming region
• The low-mass initial mass function of the field population in the Large Magellanic Cloud with Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 Observations
• Proper motions of cool and ultracool candidate members in the Upper Scorpius OB association
• Constraints on star formation in NGC2264
• The dipper light curve of V715 Per: is there dust in the magnetosphere?
• A SCUBA-2 850 micron Survey of Protoplanetary Discs in the IC 348 Cluster
• 2MASS J15491331-3539118: a new low-mass wide companion of the GQ Lup system
• A Census of the 32 Ori Association with Gaia
• Understanding formation of young, distributed low-mass stars and clusters in the W4 cloud complex
• T Tauri Stars: Physical Parameters and Evolutionary Status
• A WFI survey in the Chamaeleon II dark cloud
• Measuring the Initial Mass Function of Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs
• Spectral Energy Distributions of Young Stars in IC 348: The Role of Disks in Angular Momentum Evolution of Young, Low-Mass Stars
• Physical parameters of late M-type members of Chamaleon I and TW Hydrae Association: Dust settling, age dispersion and activity
• An Unusual Eclipse of a Pre-Main Sequence Star in IC 348
• Discovery of an M4 Spectroscopic Binary in Upper Scorpius: A Calibration Point for Young Low-Mass Evolutionary Models
• Contraction Signatures Toward Dense Cores in the Perseus Molecular Cloud
• A Significant Population of Candidate New Members of the Rho Ophiuchi Cluster
• Submillimeter Observations of the Young Low-Mass Object IRAS 04158+2805
• The Physical Structure of Protoplanetary Disks: the Serpens Cluster Compared with Other Regions
• The Photon Dominated Region in the IC 348 molecular cloud
• The IGRINS YSO Survey III: Stellar parameters of pre-main sequence stars in Ophiuchus and Upper Scorpius
• Mass distributions of stars and cores in young groups and clusters
• USco1621 B and USco1556 B: Two wide companions at the deuterium-burning mass limit in Upper Scorpius
• HAT-TR-318-007: a double-lined M-dwarf binary with total secondary eclipses discovered by HATNet and observed by K2
• JVLA Observations of Young Brown Dwarfs
• The Highly Eccentric Pre-Main Sequence Spectroscopic Binary RX J0529.3+1210
• The cosmic DANCe of Perseus I: Membership, phase-space structure, mass, and energy distributions
• Sigma Orionis IRS1 A and B: A Binary Containing a Proplyd
• Detection of brown dwarf-like objects in the core of NGC3603
• A Dusty M5 Binary in the beta Pictoris Moving Group
• The Chemical Composition of Cernis 52 (BD+31 640)
• Optical Spectra of Ultracool Dwarfs with the Southern African Large Telescope
• Predictions of planet detections with near infrared radial velocities in the up-coming SPIRou Legacy Survey-Planet Search
• Surface density of the young cluster IC 348 in the Perseus molecular cloud
• A candidate planetary-mass object with a photoevaporating disk in Orion
• Long-Term Photometry of IC 348 with the YETI Network
• New Candidates for Planetary-mass Brown Dwarfs in IC 348
• Investigating 2MASS J06593158-0405277: a FUor burst in a triple system?
• An unusual very low-mass high-amplitude pre-main sequence periodic variable
• Empirical Near Infrared colors for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the Orion Nebula Cluster
• Accretion-ejection connection in the young brown dwarf candidate ISO-Cha1 217
• Photometric Monitoring of Open Clusters I. The Survey
• Stellar and circumstellar properties of visual binaries in the Orion Nebula Cluster
• A transition of dynamo modes in M dwarfs: narrowing down the spectral range where the transition occurs*
• Fifty Years of IMF Variation: The Intermediate-Mass Stars
• The Impact of Chromospheric Activity on Observed Initial Mass Functions
• Pre-main sequence stars in open clusters. I. The DAY-I catalogue
• Kinematics of stars and brown dwarfs at birth
• Proto-Brown Dwarf Disks as Products of Protostellar Disk Encounters
• Spectroscopic characterization of X-ray emitting young stars associated with the Sh 2-296 nebula
• Spitzer Spectroscopy of the Circumprimary Disk in the Binary Brown Dwarf 2MASS J04414489+2301513
• Dynamical Measurements of the Young Upper Scorpius Triple NTTS 155808-2219
• Number ratios of young stellar objects in embedded clusters
• Near-Infrared Variability of Low Mass Stars in IC 1396A and TR 37
• On the origin of planetary-mass objects in NGC1333
• Protoplanetary and Transitional Disks in the Open Stellar Cluster IC 2395
• A large-scale optical-near infrared survey for brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars in the Orion OB1 association
• Clustering of Emission-line Stars in the W5E HII region
• The Southern Flanking Fields of the 25 Orionis Group
• PENELLOPE VII: Revisiting empirical relations to measure accretion luminosity
• On the lifetime of discs around late type stars
• A deep wide-field optical survey in the young open cluster Collinder 359
• The population of young low-mass stars in Trumpler 14
• Two confirmed class I very low-mass objects in Taurus
• The fulcrum wavelength of young stellar objects -- the case of LRLL 31
• Monitoring accretion rate variability in the Orion Nebula Cluster with the Wendelstein Wide Field Imager
• The Low-Mass Companion to the Lithium-Depleted, Spectroscopic Binary HBC 425 (St 34)
• The low-mass diskless population of Corona Australis
• Brown Dwarfs as Galactic Chronometers
• The mm-colors of a young binary disk system in the Orion Nebula Cluster
• IN-SYNC. VII. Evidence for a decreasing spectroscopic binary fraction from 1 to 100 Myr within the IN-SYNC sample
• Crucial aspects of the initial mass function (II): The inference of total quantities from partial information on a cluster
• What are the temperatures of T Tauri stars? - Constraints from coeval formation of young eclipsing binaries
• Photometric Accretion Signatures Near the Substellar Boundary
• A rich molecular chemistry in the gas of the IC 348 star cluster of the Perseus Molecular Cloud
• A Novel Survey for Young Substellar Objects with the W band Filter.V. IC 348 and Barnard 5 in the Perseus Cloud
• Circumstellar disk accretion across the Lagoon Nebula: the influence of environment and stellar mass
• ISO-ChaI 52: a weakly-accreting young stellar object with a dipper light curve
• The Initial Mass Function as given by the fragmentation
• A Photometric Study of Stars in the MBM 12 Association
• Polarimetric coronagraphy of BD+31643
• Fast Photometric Variability of Very Low Mass Stars in IC 348: Detection of Superflare in an M-dwarf
• Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS). IX. Deuterated compounds of H2S in starless cores
• Testing Model Atmospheres for Young Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Infrared: Evidence for Significantly Underestimated Dust Opacities
• Variability of Ha emission in young stellar objects in the cluster IC 348
• RX J0942.7-7726AB: an isolated pre-main sequence wide binary
• Anomalous Spectral Types and Intrinsic Colors of Young Stars
• Multi-Object and Long-Slit Spectroscopy of Very Low Mass Brown Dwarfs in Orion Nebular Cluster
• A near-infrared variability study in the cloud IC1396W: low star-forming efficiency and two new eclipsing binaries
• Young, active radio stars in the AB Doradus moving group
• Accretion in low-mass members of the Orion Nebula Cluster with young transition disks
• Measuring the Mass of a Pre-Main Sequence Binary Star Through the Orbit of TWA 5A
• Statistical Analysis of stars with Ha emission in IC 348 Cluster
• New X-ray Selected Pre-Main Sequence Members of the Serpens Molecular Cloud
• The Stellar IMF as a Property of Turbulence
• Infrared photometry of the dwarf nova V2051 Ophiuchi: I - The mass donor star and the distance
• Spectral classification of young stars using conditional invertible neural networks II. Application to Trumpler 14 in Carina
• Cluster Density and the IMF