Constraints on star formation in NGC2264

Abstract

We quantify the spatial distribution of stars for two subclusters centred around the massive/intermediate mass stars S Mon and IRS1/2 in the NGC2264 star-forming region. We find that both subclusters are have neither a substructured, nor a centrally concentrated distribution according to the Q-parameter. Neither subcluster displays mass segregation according to the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{MSR}}$ ratio, but the most massive stars in IRS1/2 have higher relative surface densities according to the ${\Sigma }_{\mathrm{LDR}}$ ratio. We then compare these quantities to the results of N-body simulations to constrain the initial conditions of NGC2264, which are consistent with having been dense ($\tilde{\rho }\sim 10^4$M${}_{\odot }$pc${}^{-3}$), highly substructured and subvirial. These initial conditions were also derived from a separate analysis of the runaway and walkaway stars in the region, and indicate that star-forming regions within 1kpc of the Sun likely have a broad range of initial stellar densities. In the case of NGC2264, its initial stellar density could have been high enough to cause the destruction or truncation of protoplanetary discs and fledgling planetary systems due to dynamical encounters between stars in the early stages of its evolution.

13 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, 1 short appendix. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. This paper complements the results from Schoettler et al 2021 (see arXiv:2111.14892)

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• Constraining the initial conditions of NGC 2264 using ejected stars found in Gaia DR2