A case of simultaneous star and planet formation

Abstract

While it is widely accepted that planets are formed in protoplanetary disks, there is still much debate on when this process happens. In a few cases protoplanets have been directly imaged, but for the vast majority of systems, disk gaps and cavities -- seen especially in dust continuum observations -- have been the strongest evidence of recent or on-going planet formation. We present ALMA observations of a nearly edge-on ($i=75^{\circ }$) disk containing a giant gap seen in dust but not in ${}^{12}$CO gas. Inside the gap, the molecular gas has a warm (100 K) component coinciding in position with a tentative free-free emission excess observed with the VLA. Using 1D hydrodynamic models, we find the structure of the gap is consistent with being carved by a planet with 4-70 $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$. The coincidence of free-free emission inside the planet-carved gap points to the planet being very young and/or still accreting. In addition, the ${}^{12}$CO observations reveal low-velocity large scale filaments aligned with the disk major axis and velocity coherent with the disk gas that we interpret as ongoing gas infall from the local ISM. This system appears to be an interesting case where both a star (from the environment and the disk) and a planet (from the disk) are growing in tandem.

7 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters

References in corpus (9)

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• Gas density drops inside dust cavities of transitional disks around young stars observed with ALMA
• A protostellar system fed by a streamer of 10,500 au length
• An ALMA Survey of CO isotopologue emission from Protoplanetary Disks in Chamaeleon I
• Gas flow and accretion via spiral streamers and circumstellar disks in a young binary protostar
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• Molecular outflow launched beyond the disk edge
• VLA observations of the disk around the young brown dwarf 2MASS J044427+2512

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• FAUST VIII. The protostellar disk of VLA 1623-2417 W and its streamers imaged by ALMA
• Far and extreme ultraviolet radiation fields and consequent disc destruction in star-forming regions
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• Formation of dust clumps with sub-Jupiter mass and cold shadowed region in gravitationally unstable disk around Class 0/I protostar in L1527 IRS
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• On the origin of planetary-mass objects in NGC1333
• Short-lived radioisotope enrichment in star-forming regions from stellar winds and supernovae
• The evolution of protoplanetary disc radii and disc masses in star-forming regions
• Discovery of Asymmetric Spike-like Structures of the 10 au Disk around the Very Low-luminosity Protostar Embedded in the Taurus Dense Core MC 27/L1521F with ALMA
• Resolved Gas Temperatures and 12C/13C ratios in SVS13A from ALMA Observations of CH3CN and CH3-13-CN
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• Evaporation before disruption: comparing timescales for Jovian planets in star-forming regions
• Linking ice and gas in the Coronet cluster in Corona Australis
• Asymmetric accretion through a streamer onto the pre-stellar core H-MM1
• Origin of compact exoplanetary systems during disk infall
• A VLA View of the Flared, Asymmetric Disk Around the Class 0 Protostar L1527 IRS
• A Streamer Driving Misalignment in the Circumtriple Disk of GW Ori
• The Great Planetary Heist: Theft and capture in star-forming regions
• FORCAST imaging of two small nearby Clusters: The Coronet and B59