First Results from the X-ray and Optical Survey of the Chandra Deep Field South

Abstract

We present our first results from 130 ks of X-ray observations obtained with the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer on the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We reach a flux of 2 X 10^(-16) erg s^(-1) cm^(-2) in the 0.5-2 keV soft band and 2 X 10^(-15) erg s^(-1) cm^(-2) in the 2-10 keV hard band. For the optical identification we carried out a survey in VRI with the FORS-1 imaging-spectrometer on the ANTU telescope (UT-1 at VLT) complete to R <= 26. This dataset was complemented with data from the ESO Imaging Survey (EIS) in the UBJK bands and the ESO Wide Field Imager Survey (WFI) in the B band. The positional accuracy of the X-ray detections is of order of 1'' in the central 6'. Optical identifications are found for ~90% of the sources. We obtain the cumulative spectra of the faint and bright X-ray sources in the sample. A power law fit in the range 2-10 keV using the galactic value of N_H ~ 8 x 10^(19) cm^(-2), yields a photon index of Gamma = 1.70+-0.06 and 1.35+-0.10 for the bright and faint sample respectively, showing a flattening of the spectrum at lower fluxes. We discuss the LogN-LogS relationship and the discrete source contribution to the integrated X-ray sky flux. In the soft band, the sources now detected at fluxes below 10^(-15) erg s^(-1) cm^(-2) contribute (4.0 +- 0.3) X 10^(-12) erg cm^(-2)s^(-1) deg^(-2) to the total XRB. The flux resolved in the hard band down to the flux limit of 2 X 10^(-15) erg s^(-1) cm^(-2) now contributes a total of 1.6 X 10^(-11) erg cm^(-2) s^(-1) deg^(-2) which amounts to a fraction of 60-80% of the total measured background. This result confirms that the XRB is due to the integrated contribution of discrete sources, but shows that there is still a relevant fraction (at least 20%) of the hard XRB to be resolved at fluxes below 10^(-15) erg s^(-1) cm^(-2). (ABRIDGED)

25 pages, 9 figures, ApJ submitted

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• Chandra Observations of the Collisional Ring Galaxy NGC 922
• A Chandra Observation of Abell 13: Investigating the Origin of the Radio Relic
• Discovery of Diffuse X-ray Emission in One of the Nearest Massive Star-Forming Regions NGC 2024
• Spatially Resolved Stellar Populations of Eight GOODS-South AGN at z~1
• Decrease in the Brightness of the Cosmic X-ray and Soft Gamma-ray Background toward Clusters of Galaxies
• ESO Imaging Survey: infrared observations of CDF-S and HDF-S
• Selection of AGN candidates in the GOODS-South Field through SPITZER/MIPS 24 $\mu$m variability
• Exotica in the Globular Cluster M4, Studied with Chandra, HST, and the VLA
• X-ray Binaries in External Galaxies
• PRIMUS: The Effect of Physical Scale on the Luminosity-Dependence of Galaxy Clustering via Cross-Correlations
• Detection efficiency and photometry in supernova surveys - the Stockholm VIMOS Supernova Survey I
• The discovery and classification of 16 supernovae at high redshifts in ELAIS-S1 - the Stockholm VIMOS Supernova Survey II
• Weak Lensing Study in VOICE Survey II: Shear Bias Calibrations
• Chandra Observations and Optical Identification of Hard X-ray Sources Discovered with ASCA
• The GLEAM 200 MHz Local Radio Luminosity Function for AGN and Star-forming Galaxies
• The AGN Source Population in the Chandra Deep Field-North Survey: Constraints from X-ray Spectroscopy and Variability
• X-ray selected BALQSOs
• Exploring Gravitationally-Lensed $z\gtrsim 6$ X-ray AGN Behind the RELICS clusters
• X-ray Observation of Mars with Suzaku at Solar Minimun
• Autocorrelation function of the soft X-ray background produced by warm-hot gas in dark halos
• Cluster contribution to the X-ray background as a cosmological probe
• Dark Matter Fraction in Disk-Like Galaxies Over the Past 10 Gyr
• Properties of IR selected Active Galactic Nuclei
• On the nature of high X-ray luminosities in SDSS galaxies
• A deep XMM-Newton serendipitous survey of a middle-latitude area
• Black hole-galaxy co-evolution and the role of feedback
• Variability and transient search in the SUDARE-VOICE field: a new method to extract the light curves
• How the dynamical properties of globular clusters impact their $\gamma$-ray and X-ray emission
• Measuring the Cosmic X-ray Background accurately
• Are the hosts of VLBI selected radio-AGN different to those of radio-loud AGN?
• The CYDER Survey: First Results
• Probing the Intracluster star-light with Chandra
• The formation and evolution of field massive galaxies
• SHEEP: The Search for the High Energy Extragalactic Population
• Selecting Very Soft X-Ray Sources in External Galaxies: Luminous Supersoft X-ray Sources and Quasisoft Sources
• The incidence of X-ray AGN and non-AGN galaxies in the far-infrared: insights into host galaxy properties and AGN obscuration
• Are the infrared-faint radio sources pulsars?
• X-ray and optical counterparts of hard X-ray selected sources from the SHEEP survey: first results
• Multiwavelength survey of X-ray sources in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
• The XMM-SSC survey of hard-spectrum XMM-Newton sources 1: optically bright sources
• Galactic X-ray Survey
• Exploiting the high-resolution NIKA2 data to study the intracluster medium and dynamical state of ACT-CL J0240.0+0116
• VLT-SINFONI observations of Mrk 609 - A showcase for X-ray active galaxies chosen from a sample of AGN suitable for adaptive optics observations with natural guide stars
• Search for Hot Gas in the Local Group with ASCA
• Systematic search for lensed X-ray sources in the CLASH fields
• BASS XLV: Quantifying AGN Selection Effects in the Chandra COSMOS-Legacy Survey with BASS
• Lenses In VoicE (LIVE): Searching for strong gravitational lenses in the VOICE@VST survey using Convolutional Neural Networks
• Discovery of a Jet-Like Structure at the High Redshift QSO CXOMP J084128.3+131107
• ROSAT X-ray sources in the field of the LMC. III.The log N -- log S of background AGN and the LMC gas
• The Swift Serendipitous Survey in deep XRT GRB fields (SwiftFT) I. The X-ray catalog and number counts
• Properties of Polarized Radio Sources in the Wide Chandra Deep Field South from 2 to 4GHz
• In medio stat virtus: enrichment history in poor galaxy clusters
• Euclid: Improving redshift distribution reconstruction using a deep-to-wide transfer function
• Ruminations Upon the Modeling of X-ray Foregrounds, Backgrounds and Faint Sources
• X-ray characterisation of the massive galaxy clusterClG-J104803.7+313843 at z=0.76 with XMM-Newton
• A multiwavelength study of near- and mid-infrared selected galaxies at high redshift: ERGs, AGN-identification and the contribution from dust
• WISE J044232.92+322734.9: A star-forming galaxy at redshift 1.1 seen through a Galactic dust clump?