Supermassive Black Hole Accretion History Inferred from a Large Sample of Chandra Hard X-ray Sources

Abstract

We describe the optical, near-infrared, and radio properties of a sample of hard (2-7 keV) X-ray sources detected in a deep Chandra observation of the field surrounding the Abell 370 cluster. We combine these data with similar observations of the Chandra Deep Field-North and the Hawaii Survey Field SSA13 to obtain a sample of 69 hard X-ray sources (45 are spectroscopically identified) with extremely deep 20 cm observations. We find that about 4% of the >Lstar galaxy population is X-ray luminous at any time and hence that black hole accretion has a duration of about half a Gyr. We find that about 30% of the summed 2-7 keV flux from our total sample is from sources at z<1. We estimate the bolometric luminosities of accretion onto supermassive black holes and the mass inflow rates. The time history of the accretion rate density is evaluated, and its integrated value is reasonably consistent with the value inferred from the local black hole mass to bulge mass ratio.

17 pages, submitted to The Astronomical Journal

References in corpus (3)

• The Chandra Deep Survey of the Hubble Deep Field North Area. II. Results from the Caltech Faint Field Galaxy Redshift Survey Area
• The Chandra Deep Survey of the Hubble Deep Field North Area. IV. An Ultradeep Image of the HDF-N
• Detecting high redshift evolved galaxies as the hosts of optically faint hard X-ray sources

Cited by in corpus (90)

• Local Supermassive Black Holes, Relics of Active Galactic Nuclei and the X-ray Background
• Observational constraints on growth of massive black holes
• Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei: Past, Present and Future Research
• The Chandra Deep Field-North Survey. XIII. 2 Ms Point-Source Catalogs
• An Overview of the Performance and Scientific Results from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory (CXO)
• The Chandra Deep Field South: Optical Spectroscopy I
• Deep Extragalactic X-ray Surveys
• The Cosmic Evolution of Hard X-ray Selected Active Galactic Nuclei
• Absorption Properties and Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Candidate Type II Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: I. Selection and Optical Properties of a Sample at 0.3<Z<0.83
• The Chandra Deep Field North Survey. V. 1 Ms Source Catalogs
• Cosmic X-ray Surveys of Distant Active Galaxies: The Demographics, Physics, and Ecology of Growing Supermassive Black Holes
• The Space Density of Compton Thick AGN and the X-ray Background
• Optical and Infrared Properties of the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North X-ray Sources
• Dust Reddening in SDSS Quasars
• Ultradeep Near-Infrared ISAAC Observations of the HDF-S: Observations, Reduction, Multicolor Catalog, and Photometric Redshifts
• PHAT: PHoto-z Accuracy Testing
• X-ray, Optical, and Infrared Imaging and Spectral Properties of the 1 Ms Chandra Deep Field North Sources
• A New Diagnostic of Active Galactic Nuclei: Revealing Highly-Absorbed Systems at Redshift>0.3
• M-BH - sigma relation for a Complete Sample of Soft X-ray Selected AGNs
• The suppression of star formation by powerful active galactic nuclei
• Spitzer Power-law AGN Candidates in the Chandra Deep Field-North
• "Hidden" Seyfert 2 Galaxies and the X-ray Background
• A large sample of spectroscopic redshifts in the ACS-GOODS region of the HDF-N
• The Redshift Evolution of the 2-8 keV X-ray Luminosity Function
• The Changing AGN Population
• The HELLAS2XMM survey: II. Multiwavelength observations of P3: an X-ray bright, optically inactive galaxy
• Evidence for AGN Feedback in Galaxy Clusters and Groups
• Compton Thick AGN: the dark side of the X-ray background
• The Population of Faint Optically-Selected AGN at z~3
• Simulations of supermassive black hole growth in high-redshift disk galaxies
• The evolutionary sequence of active galactic nuclei and galaxy formation revealed
• XMM-Newton observations expose AGN in apparently normal galaxies
• Caught in the act: a helium-reionizing quasar near the line of sight to Q0302-003
• The Canada-UK Deep Submillimeter Survey VI: The 3-Hour Field
• CO emission and associated HI absorption from a massive gas reservoir surrounding the z=3 radio galaxy B3 J2330+3927
• The Luminosity Function of high-redshift QSOs - A combined analysis of GOODS and SDSS
• An Observed Link between Active Galactic Nuclei and Violent Disk Instabilities in High-Redshift Galaxies
• Reasoning From Fossils: Learning From the Local Black Hole Population About the Evolution of Quasars
• Supermassive black holes, pseudobulges, and the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
• Star Captures by Quasar Accretion Disks: A Possible Explanation of the M-sigma Relation
• Spitzer Constraints on the z=6.56 Galaxy Lensed by Abell 370
• Optical Identification of the ASCA Medium Sensitivity Survey in the Northern Sky: Nature of Hard X-ray-selected Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei
• Heavily Obscured AGN in Star-Forming Galaxies at z~2
• The Transverse Proximity Effect: A Probe to the Environment, Anisotropy, and Megayear Variability of QSOs
• Faint AGN and the Ionizing Background
• The redshift-dependence of gamma-ray absorption in the environments of strong-line AGN
• The Serendipitous Extragalactic X-Ray Source Identification (SEXSI) Program. III. Optical Spectroscopy
• The Space Density of High-Redshift QSOs in the GOODS Survey
• The Serendipitous Extragalactic X-Ray Source Identification (SEXSI) Program: I. Characteristics of the Hard X-Ray Sample
• Optical Line Diagnostics of z~2 Optically Faint ULIRGs in the Spitzer Bootes Survey
• Faint Submillimter Galaxy Counts at 450 micron
• The Canada-UK Deep Submillimeter Survey VII: Optical and near-infrared identifications for the 14h field
• An Optical Catalog of the Chandra Large Area Synoptic X-ray Survey Sources
• High redshift quasars and the supermassive black hole mass budget: constraints on quasar formation models
• Understanding the nature of the optically faint radio sources and their connection to the submillimeter population
• Was the Cosmic Web of Protogalactic Material Permeated by Lobes of Radio Galaxies During the Quasar Era?
• Modelling Galaxy and AGN Evolution in the IR: Black Hole Accretion versus Star-Formation Activity
• HS 1700+6416: the first high redshift non lensed NAL-QSO showing variable high velocity outflows
• X-ray Point Sources and Radio Galaxies in Clusters of Galaxies
• Obscured AGN: the hidden side of the X-ray Universe
• Anisotropic AGN Outflows and Enrichment of the Intergalactic Medium
• An Extremely Deep Wide-Field Near-Infrared Survey: Bright Galaxy Counts and Local Large Scale Structure
• "Hidden" Seyfert 2 Galaxies in the Chandra Deep Field North
• The Most Massive Black Holes in the Universe: Effects of Mergers in Massive Galaxy Clusters
• Tracing the Nuclear Accretion History of the Red Galaxy Population
• Testing Models of the Individual and Cosmological Evolutions of Powerful Radio Galaxies
• Cosmological evolution of the Fanaroff-Riley type II source population
• X-ray properties of Lyman Break Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field North region
• The large-scale bias of the hard X-ray background
• Host Galaxies of the High-redshift AGNs in the GOODS Fields
• An Intermediate-band imaging survey for high-redshift Lyman Alpha Emitters: The Mahoroba-11
• The host galaxies of radio-quiet quasars at 0.5<z<1.0
• Modeling the evolution of infrared luminous galaxies: the influence of the Luminosity-Temperature distribution
• Cosmological growth and feedback from supermassive black holes
• On The Dark Side of Quasar Evolution
• Cosmic star formation history associated with QSO activity: an approach using the black hole to bulge mass correlation
• The Star Formation and Nuclear Accretion Histories of Normal Galaxies in the AGES Survey
• Reconciling AGN-star formation, the Soltan argument, and Meier's paradox
• The XMM-Newton Wide Angle Survey (XWAS)
• Theory of disk accretion onto supermassive black holes
• High-redshift X-ray properties of the haloes of simulated disc galaxies
• Spitzer's View of the Candidate Cluster and Protocluster Catalog (CCPC)
• Modeling the accretion history of supermassive black holes
• Spatially Resolved Spectroscopic Study of nearby Seyfert Galaxies: Implications for a Population of "Missed" Seyferts at High-$\text{z}$
• Distant X-ray Galaxies: Insights from the Local Population
• The host galaxies of low luminosity quasars at high redshift
• The nuclear to host galaxy relation of high redshift quasars
• The Most Distant Galaxies
• BASS XXX: Distribution Functions of DR2 Eddington-ratios, Black Hole Masses, and X-ray Luminosities