Late-end reionization with ATON-HE: towards constraints from Lyman-$\alpha$ emitters observed with JWST

Abstract

We present a new suite of late-end reionization simulations performed with ATON-HE, a revised version of the GPU-based radiative transfer code ATON that includes helium. The simulations are able to reproduce the Ly$\alpha$ flux distribution of the E-XQR-30 sample of QSO absorption spectra at $5\lesssim z\lesssim 6.2$, and show that a large variety of reionization models are consistent with these data. We explore a range of variations in source models and in the early-stage evolution of reionization. Our fiducial reionization history has a midpoint of reionization at $z=6.5$, but we also explore an `Early' reionization history with a midpoint at $z=7.5$ and an `Extremely Early' reionization history with a midpoint at $z=9.5$. Haloes massive enough to host observed Ly$\alpha$ emitters are highly biased. The fraction of such haloes embedded in ionized bubbles that are large enough to allow high Ly$\alpha$ transmission becomes close to unity much before the volume filling factor of ionized regions. For our fiducial reionization history this happens at $z=8$, probably too late to be consistent with the detection by JWST of abundant Ly$\alpha$ emission out to $z=11$. A reionization history in our `Early' model or perhaps even our `Extremely Early' model may be required, suggesting a Thomson scattering optical depth in tension with that reported by Planck, but consistent with recent suggestions of a significantly higher value.

25 pages, 15 figures

References in corpus (37)

• Cosmology at Low Frequencies: The 21 cm Transition and the High-Redshift Universe
• UV Luminosity Functions at redshifts z~4 to z~10: 10000 Galaxies from HST Legacy Fields
• Model-independent evidence in favor of an end to reionization by z~6
• Efficient Simulations of Early Structure Formation and Reionization
• Evidence of patchy hydrogen reionization from an extreme Ly$\alpha$ trough below redshift six
• JADES NIRSpec Spectroscopy of GN-z11: Lyman-$\alpha$ emission and possible enhanced nitrogen abundance in a $z=10.60$ luminous galaxy
• Pōniuā'ena: A Luminous $z=7.5$ Quasar Hosting a 1.5 Billion Solar Mass Black Hole
• Conditions for Reionizing the Universe with A Low Galaxy Ionizing Photon Escape Fraction
• Inferences on the Timeline of Reionization at z~8 From the KMOS Lens-Amplified Spectroscopic Survey
• A Spectroscopic Redshift Measurement for a Luminous Lyman Break Galaxy at z=7.730 using Keck/MOSFIRE
• A scheme for radiation pressure and photon diffusion with the M1 closure in RAMSES-RT
• Can the intergalactic medium cause a rapid drop in Lyman alpha emission at z>6?
• A Significantly Neutral Intergalactic Medium Around the Luminous z=7 Quasar J0252-0503
• Cosmic Reionization On Computers I. Design and Calibration of Simulations
• JADES Imaging of GN-z11: Revealing the Morphology and Environment of a Luminous Galaxy 430 Myr After the Big Bang
• A radiative transfer scheme for cosmological reionization based on a local Eddington tensor
• Voigt Profile Fitting to Quasar Absorption Lines: An Analytic Approximation to the Voigt-Hjerting Function
• Lyman-alpha emitters gone missing: evidence for late reionization?
• Long Dark Gaps in the Ly$\beta$ Forest at $z<6$: Evidence of Ultra Late Reionization from XQR-30 Spectra
• Onset of Cosmic Reionization: Evidence of An Ionized Bubble Merely 680 Myrs after the Big Bang
• Relative Role of Stars and Quasars in Cosmic Reionization
• (Nearly) Model-Independent Constraints on the Neutral Hydrogen Fraction in the Intergalactic Medium at $z\sim 5-7$ Using Dark Pixel Fractions in Ly$\alpha$ and Ly$\beta$ Forests
• XQR-30: the ultimate XSHOOTER quasar sample at the reionization epoch
• The Sherwood-Relics simulations: overview and impact of patchy reionization and pressure smoothing on the intergalactic medium
• Multi-frequency, thermally coupled radiative transfer with TRAPHIC: Method and tests
• The Magellan M2FS Spectroscopic Survey of High-$z$ Galaxies: Lyα Emitters at $z\approx 6.6$ and the Evolution of Lyα Luminosity Function over $z\approx 5.7-6.6$
• On the sizes of ionized bubbles around the highest redshift galaxies. Spectral shapes of the Lyman-alpha emission from galaxies
• Models of the Cosmological 21 cm Signal from the Epoch of Reionization Calibrated with Lyman-alpha and CMB Data
• Texas Spectroscopic Search for Ly$\alpha$ Emission at the End of Reionization II. The Deepest Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Observation at $z\gtrsim 7$
• The Morphology of Reionization in a Dynamically Clumpy Universe
• JWST Measurements of Neutral Hydrogen Fractions and Ionized Bubble Sizes at $z=7-12$ Obtained with Ly$\alpha$ Damping Wing Absorptions in 27 Bright Continuum Galaxies
• JWST observations of galaxy damping wings during reionization interpreted with cosmological simulations
• Local reionizations histories with merger tree of HII regions
• Ly$\alpha$ Emission at $z=7-13$: Clear Ly$\alpha$ Equivalent Width Evolution Indicating the Late Cosmic Reionization History
• Robustness of direct measurements of the mean free path of ionizing photons in the epoch of reionization
• On the rise and fall of galactic ionizing output at the end of reionization
• Ly$\alpha$ emission in galaxies at $z\simeq 5-6$: new insight from JWST into the statistical distributions of Ly$\alpha$ properties at the end of reionization

Cited by in corpus (6)

• Constraints on the $z\sim 6-13$ intergalactic medium from JWST spectroscopy of Lyman-alpha damping wings in galaxies
• The impact of faint AGN discovered by JWST on reionization
• Narrowing the discovery space of the cosmological 21-cm signal using multi-wavelength constraints
• High-redshift AGN population in radiation-hydrodynamics simulations
• The effect of helium reionization on the Lyman-alpha forest hydrogen flux statistics
• An emulator for the ionizing photon mean free path in ultra-high resolution simulations: the implications of mean free path measurements for the reionization history