Comparison Of Reionization Models: Radiative Transfer Simulations And Approximate, Semi-Numeric Models
arXiv:1003.3455 · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18439.x
Abstract
We compare the predictions of four different algorithms for the distribution of ionized gas during the Epoch of Reionization. These algorithms are all used to run a 100 Mpc/h simulation of reionization with the same initial conditions. Two of the algorithms are state-of-the-art ray-tracing radiative transfer codes that use disparate methods to calculate the ionization history. The other two algorithms are fast but more approximate schemes based on iterative application of a smoothing filter to the underlying source and density fields. We compare these algorithms' resulting ionization and 21 cm fields using several different statistical measures. The two radiative transfer schemes are in excellent agreement with each other (with the cross-correlation coefficient of the ionization fields >0.8 for k < 10 h/Mpc and in good agreement with the analytic schemes (>0.6 for k < 1 h/Mpc). When used to predict the 21cm power spectrum at different times during reionization, all ionization algorithms agree with one another at the 10s of percent level. This agreement suggests that the different approximations involved in the ray tracing algorithms are sensible and that semi-numerical schemes provide a numerically-inexpensive, yet fairly accurate, description of the reionization process.
13 pages, 10 figures
References in corpus (32)
- Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
- Three Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Polarization Analysis
- Reionization and Cosmology with 21 cm Fluctuations
- Efficient Simulations of Early Structure Formation and Reionization
- The Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization: 8 Station Results
- The End of the Reionization Epoch Probed by Ly-alpha Emitters at z=6.5 in the Subaru Deep Field
- The morphology of HII regions during reionization
- The observed ionization rate of the intergalactic medium and the ionizing emissivity at z >5: Evidence for a photon starved and extended epoch of reionization
- The Global 21 Centimeter Background from High Redshifts
- Studying Reionization with Ly-alpha Emitters
- Radiative transfer simulations of cosmic reionization I: methodology and initial results
- Cosmological Radiative Transfer Codes Comparison Project I: The Static Density Field Tests
- Inside-out or Outside-in: The topology of reionization in the photon-starved regime suggested by Lyman-alpha forest data
- Detecting the Rise and Fall of 21 cm Fluctuations with the Murchison Widefield Array
- A radiative transfer scheme for cosmological reionization based on a local Eddington tensor
- Imprint of Inhomogeneous Hydrogen Reionization on the Temperature Distribution of the Intergalactic Medium
- Cosmological Radiative Transfer Comparison Project II: The Radiation-Hydrodynamic Tests
- Was reionization complete by z ~ 5-6?
- TRAPHIC - Radiative Transfer for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Simulations
- Quasar Proximity Zones and Patchy Reionization
- Power spectrum extraction for redshifted 21-cm epoch of reionization experiments: the LOFAR case
- Fast Large-Scale Reionization Simulations
- Lyman-alpha Emitters During the Early Stages of Reionization
- An implementation of radiative transfer in the cosmological simulation code GADGET
- Lyman-alpha radiative transfer during the Epoch of Reionization: contribution to 21-cm signal fluctuations
- Lyman-alpha Damping Wing Constraints on Inhomogeneous Reionization
- SPHRAY: A Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Ray Tracer for Radiative Transfer
- Cosmological HII Bubble Growth During Reionization
- On the Size of HII Regions around High Redshift Quasars
- Connecting Reionization to the Local Universe
- A New Moment Method for Continuum Radiative Transfer in Cosmological Reionization
- A closer look at using quasar near-zones as a probe of neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium
Cited by in corpus (172)
- 21-cm cosmology
- Model-independent evidence in favor of an end to reionization by z~6
- The Birth of a Galaxy: Primordial Metal Enrichment and Stellar Populations
- The Birth of a Galaxy - III. Propelling reionisation with the faintest galaxies
- What Next-Generation 21 cm Power Spectrum Measurements Can Teach Us About the Epoch of Reionization
- The Evolution of the Intergalactic Medium
- A Per-Baseline, Delay-Spectrum Technique for Accessing the 21cm Cosmic Reionization Signature
- Lyman Alpha Emitting Galaxies as a Probe of Reionization
- Inferring the astrophysics of reionization and cosmic dawn from galaxy luminosity functions and the 21-cm signal
- 21CMMC: an MCMC analysis tool enabling astrophysical parameter studies of the cosmic 21 cm signal
- Signatures of X-rays in the early Universe
- The Epoch of Reionization Window: II. Statistical Methods for Foreground Wedge Reduction
- Can the intergalactic medium cause a rapid drop in Lyman alpha emission at z>6?
- Inhomogeneous recombinations during cosmic reionization
- Cosmic Reionization On Computers I. Design and Calibration of Simulations
- HERA Phase I Limits on the Cosmic 21-cm Signal: Constraints on Astrophysics and Cosmology During the Epoch of Reionization
- Cosmic microwave background constraints on the duration and timing of reionization from the South Pole Telescope
- The X-ray spectra of the first galaxies: 21cm signatures
- The Detectability of Lyman Alpha Emission from Galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization
- Evidence of Gunn-Peterson damping wings in high-z quasar spectra: strengthening the case for incomplete reionization
- Simulating cosmic metal enrichment by the first galaxies
- Redshift Space Distortion of the 21cm Background from the Epoch of Reionization I: Methodology Re-examined
- Reionization and galaxy inference from the high-redshift Lyα forest
- Eliminating the optical depth nuisance from the CMB with 21 cm cosmology
- The Epoch of Reionization
- Cosmic Reionization On Computers II. Reionization History and Its Back Reaction on Early Galaxies
- Emulating Simulations of Cosmic Dawn for 21cm Power Spectrum Constraints on Cosmology, Reionization, and X-ray Heating
- Reionization on Large Scales I: A Parametric Model Constructed from Radiation-Hydrodynamic Simulations
- How does radiative feedback from a UV background impact reionization?
- The first (nearly) model-independent constraint on the neutral hydrogen fraction at z~5--6
- On the rapid demise of Lyman-alpha emitters at z>7 due to the increasing incidence of optically thick absorption systems
- Large Opacity Variations in the High-Redshift Lyman-alpha Forest: the Signature of Relic Temperature Fluctuations from Patchy Reionization
- The kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich signal from inhomogeneous reionization: a parameter space study
- Can 21-cm observations discriminate between high-mass and low-mass galaxies as reionization sources?
- 21CMMC with a 3D light-cone: the impact of the co-evolution approximation on the astrophysics of reionisation and cosmic dawn
- Analysing the 21cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization with artificial neural networks
- On the use of semi-numerical simulations in predicting the 21-cm signal from the epoch of reionization
- Reionization and Beyond: detecting the peaks of the cosmological 21cm signal
- The Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect as a probe of the physics of cosmic reionization: the effect of self-regulated reionization
- The depletion of gas in high-redshift dwarf galaxies from an inhomogeneous reionization
- PAPER-64 Constraints On Reionization II: The Temperature Of The z=8.4 Intergalactic Medium
- A tale of two sites -- I: Inferring the properties of minihalo-hosted galaxies from current observations
- Interpreting LOFAR 21-cm signal upper limits at z~9.1 in the context of high-z galaxy and reionisation observations
- Constraining the contribution of active galactic nuclei to reionisation
- Evolution in the Escape Fraction of Ionizing Photons and the Decline in Strong Lya Emission from z>6 Galaxies
- Unveiling the nature of dark matter with high redshift 21 cm line experiments
- The nature of dark matter from the global high redshift HI 21 cm signal
- Robust Velocity-induced Acoustic Oscillations at Cosmic Dawn
- The accuracy of semi-numerical reionization models in comparison with radiative transfer simulations
- Exploring reionisation and high-z galaxy observables with recent multi-redshift MWA upper limits on the 21-cm signal
- Interpreting the Global 21-cm Signal from High Redshifts. II. Parameter Estimation for Models of Galaxy Formation
- The Distribution of Bubble Sizes During Reionization
- Reionization Through the Lens of Percolation Theory
- Reconstructing large-scale structure with neutral hydrogen surveys
- Multi-frequency, thermally coupled radiative transfer with TRAPHIC: Method and tests
- Hydrogen Reionization in the Illustris universe
- The effect of intergalactic helium on hydrogen reionisation: implications for the sources of ionising photons at z > 6
- Simulating the 21-cm signal from reionisation including non-linear ionisations and inhomogeneous recombinations
- Identifying Reionization Sources from 21cm Maps using Convolutional Neural Networks
- Prediction of the 21-cm signal from reionization: comparison between 3D and 1D radiative transfer schemes
- Cosmic Reionization After Planck and Before JWST: An Analytic Approach
- Reionization inference from the CMB optical depth and E-mode polarization power spectra
- Photon number conservation and the large-scale 21 cm power spectrum in semi-numerical models of reionization
- An Effective Model for the Cosmic-Dawn 21-cm Signal
- Inhomogeneous Reionization Models in Cosmological Hydrodynamical Simulations
- The impact of spin temperature fluctuations on the 21-cm moments
- A tale of two sites -- II: Inferring the properties of minihalo-hosted galaxies with upcoming 21-cm interferometers
- The effect of peculiar velocities on the epoch of reionization (EoR) 21-cm signal
- 21SSD: a public database of simulated 21-cm signals from the epoch of reionization
- The Predicament of Absorption-Dominated Reionization: Increased Demands on Ionizing Sources
- The observable 21cm signal from reionization may be perturbative
- Galaxy formation with radiative and chemical feedback
- Interpreting the Global 21-cm Signal from High Redshifts. I. Model Independent Constraints
- AMBER: A Semi-numerical Abundance Matching Box for the Epoch of Reionization
- Determining the Nature of Late Gunn-Peterson Troughs with Galaxy Surveys
- Light cone anisotropy in 21 cm signal from the epoch of reionization
- Scaling Relations for Galaxies Prior to Reionization
- A deep learning model to emulate simulations of cosmic reionization
- Epoch of Reionisation 21cm Forecasting From MCMC-Constrained Semi-Numerical Models
- 21cmEMU: an emulator of 21cmFAST summary observables
- Constraints on the temperature of the intergalactic medium at z=8.4 with 21-cm observations
- Fully-Coupled Simulation of Cosmic Reionization. I: Numerical Methods and Tests
- Properties of reionization-era galaxies from JWST luminosity functions and 21-cm interferometry
- Persistent topology of the reionisation bubble network. I: Formalism & Phenomenology
- Constraining the X-ray heating and reionization using 21-cm power spectra with Marginal Neural Ratio Estimation
- Modelling of Lyman-alpha Emitting Galaxies and Ionized Bubbles at the Era of Reionization
- An improved model of HII bubbles during the epoch of reionization
- Reionization in the Warm Dark Matter Model
- 21cm signal sensitivity to dark matter decay
- Probing patchy reionization through tau-21cm correlation statistics
- A novel probe of bubble size statistics and time scales of the epoch of reionization using the contour Minkowski Tensor
- Photon Number Conserving Models of H II Bubbles during Reionization
- Inferring the properties of the sources of reionization using the morphological spectra of the ionized regions
- Retrieving cosmological information from small-scale CMB foregrounds II. The kinetic Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect
- Effect of halo bias and Lyman Limit Systems on the history of cosmic reionization
- Improved treatments of the ionizing photon mean free path in semi-numerical simulations of reionization
- Detecting the 21 cm Forest in the 21 cm Power Spectrum
- ARTIST: Fast radiative transfer for large-scale simulations of the epoch of reionisation
- The Impact of Nonlinear Structure Formation on the Power Spectrum of Transverse Momentum Fluctuations and the Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
- BEoRN: A fast and flexible framework to simulate the epoch of reionisation and cosmic dawn
- A Halo Model Approach to the and Cross-correlation
- Shot noise and scatter in the star formation efficiency as a source of 21-cm fluctuations
- Reionisation & Cosmic Dawn Astrophysics from the Square Kilometre Array: Impact of Observing Strategies
- An Effective Bias Expansion for 21 cm Cosmology in Redshift Space
- Exploiting synergies between JWST and cosmic 21-cm observations to uncover star formation in the early Universe
- The Effects of Radiative Feedback and Supernova Induced Turbulence on Early Galaxies
- Primordial Non-Gaussianity and Reionization
- Patchy Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect with Controlled Reionization History and Morphology
- Signatures of Cosmic Ray Heating in 21-cm Observables
- Constraining Reionization in Progress at z=5.7 with Lyman- Emitters: Voids, Peaks, and Cosmic Variance
- Systematic uncertainties in models of the cosmic dawn
- The large-scale 21-cm power spectrum from reionization
- Extracting the late-time kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect
- Reionization Histories of Milky Way Mass Halos
- Bayesian Model Selection with Future 21cm Observations of The Epoch of Reionisation
- Observing the Reionization : Effect of Calibration and Position Errors on Realistic Observation Conditions
- Impact of dark matter models on the EoR 21-cm signal bispectrum
- Reionization with Simba: How much does astrophysics matter in modeling cosmic reionization?
- Identifying Ionized Regions in Noisy Redshifted 21 cm Data Sets
- Impact of EDGES 21cm Global Signal on Primordial Power Spectrum
- Late-end reionization with ATON-HE: towards constraints from Lyman- emitters observed with JWST
- Measuring the Redshift of Reionization with a Modest Array of Low-Frequency Dipoles
- On the accuracy of common moment-based radiative transfer methods for simulating reionization
- Modeling Reionization in a Bursty Universe
- Accurate modelling of the Lyman- coupling for the 21-cm signal, observability with NenuFAR and SKA
- Generating extremely large-volume reionisation simulations
- Implications of the Lyman- forest for the 21-cm power spectrum from the epoch of reionization
- The First Billion Years in Seconds: An Effective Model for the 21-cm Signal with Population III Stars
- 21-cm signatures of residual HI inside cosmic HII regions during reionization
- Probing the primordial Universe with 21-cm line from cosmic dawn/epoch of reionization
- A galaxy-free phenomenological model for the 21-cm power spectrum during reionization
- Variation in the escape fraction of ionising photons from galaxies and the redshifted 21-cm power spectrum during reionization
- Opening Reionization: Quantitative Morphology of the Epoch of Reionization and Its Connection to the Cosmic Density Field
- Semi-numeric simulations of helium reionization and the fluctuating radiation background
- The HI Bias during the Epoch of Reionization
- Improved upper limits on the 21-cm signal power spectrum at and from an optimal field observed with NenuFAR
- Estimation of HII Bubble Size Distribution from 21cm Power Spectrum with Artificial Neural Networks
- Extending Semi-numeric Reionisation Models to the First Stars and Galaxies
- Mapping discrete galaxies at cosmic dawn with 21-centimeter observations
- Efficient exploration of reionization parameters for the upcoming 21 cm observations using a photon conserving semi-numerical model SCRIPT
- A fast method of reionization parameter space exploration using GPR trained SCRIPT
- Predicting 21cm-line map from Lyman emitter distribution with Generative Adversarial Networks
- Efficient simulation of discrete galaxy populations and associated radiation fields during the first billion years
- Mapping reionization bubbles in the JWST era II: inferring the position and characteristic size of individual bubbles
- Cosmic Reionization and the First Nonlinear Structures in the Universe
- Detectability of the -21cm cross-correlation: a tomographic probe of patchy reionization
- Semi-Numerical Simulation of Reionization with Semi-Analytical Modeling of Galaxy Formation
- Modeling the Intergalactic Medium during the Epoch of Reionization
- On improving analytical models of cosmic reionization for matching numerical simulation
- Calibrating excursion set reionization models to approximately conserve ionizing photons
- Reionization and Cosmic Dawn: theory and simulations
- Analytic Formulation of 21 cm Signal from Cosmic Dawn: Ly Fluctuations
- Signature of the interaction between dark sectors in the reionization process
- Prospects of FRBs and Large Scale 21 cm Power Spectra in Constraining the Epoch of Reionization
- The Linear Perturbation Theory of Reionization in Position-Space: Cosmological Radiative Transfer Along the Light-Cone
- Effects of chemically homogeneous evolution of the first stars on the 21-cm signal and reionization
- Linear Polarization of the 21 cm Line from the Epoch of Reionization
- Topology of Reionisation times: concepts, measurements and comparisons to gaussian random field predictions
- An Improved Treatment of Cosmological Intergalactic Medium Evolution
- Kickstarting Reionization with the First Black Holes: the effects of second-order perturbation theory in pre-reionization volumes
- The variance of dispersion measure of high-redshift transient objects as a probe of ionized bubble size during reionization
- Bias-Limited Extraction of Cosmological Parameters
- CMB anisotropies from patchy reionisation and diffuse Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects
- Star Formation for Predictive Primordial Galaxy Formation
- Accelerating HI density predictions during the Epoch of Reionization using a GPR-based emulator on N-body simulations
- Lensing anomalies from the epoch of reionisation
- Astrophysical uncertainties challenge 21-cm forecasts: A primordial black hole case study
- Exploring the Model Dependence of MCMC-Based 21 cm Power Spectrum Parameter Constraints
- It's Always Darkest Before the Cosmic Dawn: Early Results from Novel Tools and Telescopes for 21 cm Cosmology
- Sample Variance Denoising in Cylindrical 21-cm Power Spectra
- Interpreting the HI 21-cm cosmology maps through Largest Cluster Statistics. Part II. Impact of the realistic foreground and instrumental noise on synthetic SKA1-Low observations
- Mitigating gain calibration errors from EoR observations with SKA1-Low AA*